城市轨道交通工程建设安全风险管理分阶段、分对象、分层级管理探究

城市轨道交通工程建设的安全风险管理是一项复杂的系统工程,在这一环节中如何有效地运用科学的管理理念进行安全风险预防,对风险源头进行强化,有效地运用分阶段、分对象、分层级管理落实管控重点、强化安全措施、强化主体责任,减少安全事故的发生,将城市轨道交通工程安全等级提升到一个全新的档次,是所有轨道交通工程建设参与者的职责与使命.

Rough Outlier Detection Based Security Risk Analysis Methodology

Security is a nonfunctional information system attribute that plays a crucial role in wide sensor network application domains. Security risk can be quantified as the combination of the probability that a sensor network system may fail and the evaluation of the severity of the damage caused by the failure. In this paper, we devise a methodology of Rough Outlier Detection (ROD) for the detection of security-based risk factor, which originates from violations of attack requirements (namely, attack risks). The methodology elaborates dimension reduction method to analyze the attack risk probability from high dimensional and nonlinear data set, and combines it with rough redundancy reduction and the distance measurement of kernel function which is obtained using the ROD. In this way, it is possible to determine the risky scenarios, and the analysis feedback can be used to improve the sensor network system design. We illustrate the methodology in the DARPA case set study using step-by-step approach and then prove that the method is effective in lowering the rate of false alarm.

Theoretical explanations to security analysts＇ forecast bias

As the representative of mature investors, security analysts＇ recommendations are guidance for most investors, However, a great deal of studies nearly draws the consistent conclusion, i.e. they are not as smart as we imagine, or the market doesn＇t trust their recommendations so much. The existence of optimistic bias in their recommendations has been supported by empirical data widely. Hence these make many papers to explore the reasons and try to give theoretical explanations. Based on prior researches, this paper mainly compares two theoretical models both based on mathematical methods.

Safety of Dams： A Pathological Approach of Qualitative and Quantitative Risks

Dams are critical and essential elements in any infrastructure and, in front of accidents occurred in many countries, it is extremely important to know the risk of these structures. Inserted in this context, it was found in the technical literature, methods and tools capable of measuring the exposure value by means of indicators. In the study, the highlights were 12 methods of qualitative, semiquantitative and quantitative risk analysis, representing an overview of risk analysis methods available in the literature with potential use in dams, that it has been done into electronic spreadsheets. The case study is performed on a sample of concrete dam and earth/rockfill built and operated by Eletrobr^s Furnas Company, supported by documentary research, projects, field inspections and interviews with experts. After applying the methods and the analysis thereof, has been prepared the Eletrobras Fumas dam risk analysis method which is characterized by adapting the criteria analyzed to the reality of the company＇s dams and it was also performed the portfolio risk analysis of 18 dams. In spite of the variety and subjectivity of qualitative and semiquantitative methods, the results show that they tend to converge on the analysis of dam based on risk. The application methodology demonstrates the feasibility assessment stage, covering the preliminary analysis for portfolio dams, followed by formal and individual risk analyzes for the most critical structures. These results confirm the applicability of risk analysis techniques, contributing to the consolidation of this toot as fundamental in the dam safety.

Enhancing Hospital Management of High-risk Medications by Computer PDCA-Cycle

Objective： To imensify management on high-alert Medications, ensure clinical medication safety. Methods： Statistical analysis was applied between before and after the implementation of PDCA-cycle in the management of high-alert Medications. Results： After PDCA- cycle, the rate of management of high-alert Medications increased from 59.5% to 94.6% （P〈0.01）, Conclusion： Our study suggested that the PDCA-cycle play an important role in the management of high-alert Medications, and then can increase the level of safety on management and utilization of medicine.

Operation safety risk analysis method of hydropower project considering time-dependent effect

In order to consider the time-dependent characteristic of risk factors of hydropower project,the method of stochastic process simulating structure resistance and load effect is adopted.On the basis of analyzing the structure characteristics and mode of operation,the operation safety risk rate assessment model of hydropower project is established on the comprehensive application of the improved analytic hierarchy process,the time-dependent reliability theory and the risk rate threshold.A scheme to demonstrate the time-dependent risk rate assessment method for an example of the earth-rock dam is particularly implemented by the proposed approach.The example shows that operation safety risk rate is closely related to both the service period and design standard;considering the effect of time-dependent,the risk rate increases with time and the intersection of them reflects the technical service life of structures.It could provide scientific basis for the operation safety and risk decision of the hydropower project by predicting the trend of risk rate via this model.

Safety analysis and control of blasting mining area adjacent to infrastructure

Systematic analysis of influence of blasting vibration on bridges,tunnels,slopes and the mechanical relationships between each other were drawn based on the example of safety argument between blasting mining area and protected objects.The safety argument methods and technological means of controlling dangerous and harmful factors were proposed by the application of principle of risk analysis.And standard control system was established based on controlling the blasting parameters of division of blasting area.

Study on City Environment,Safety and Health from the Viewpoint of Ecological Risks

Urban ecological risk analysis is a relatively new study field.Rapid industrial modernization and urbanization have significantly improved the living standards of the city.However,as environmental,safety and health issues are causing widespread concern,these problems have potential serious threat on ecosystems and human health.So how to solve many problems arising from city has become a key to sustainable development of human civilization.The present article analyzed the major problems that the city confronts and pointed out the main measures from the aspects of urban environment,safety and health.

Upgrade to Nuclear Power Plant Krsko Internal Flooding Probabilistic Safety Analysis

The original internal flooding probabilistic safety analysis （PSA） study of Krsko Nuclear Power Plant （two-loop Pressurized Water Reactor （PWR） plant of Westinghouse design） was performed in mid nineties and limited to reactor core damage risk （Level 1 PSA）. In 2003, it was, together with other safety and hazard analyses, subject to the Periodic Safety Review （PSR）. In the PSR, it was stated that methodological PSA approaches and guidelines have evoluted during the past decade and several observations were provided, concerning the area screening process, residual risk and treatment of plant damage states and risk from radioactivity releases （i.e., Level 2 PSA）. In order to address the PSR observations, upgrade ofKrsko NPP internal flooding PSA was undertaken. The area screening process was revisited in order to cover the areas without automatic reactor trip equipment. The model was extended to Level 2. Residual risk was estimated at both Level 1 and Level 2, in terms of core damage frequency （CDF） and large early release frequency （LERF）, respectively.

计算机网络安全评估系统的设计与实施

1.系统功能模块设计系统涉及的技术主要包括端口扫描、操作系统指纹探测、网络隐患扫描、漏洞探测插件接口、Linux系统环境下图形界面设计、MYSQL数据库系统设计等技术。系统总体功能结构如图1所示。

Risk analysis for a cascade reservoir system using the brittle risk entropy method

The principal means of conserving water and utilizing hydropower in China is to exploit the use of a series of reservoirs in a cascade. This method and its inherent engineering safety problems are receiving increasing attention nowadays. In the field of engineering safety analysis, much work has focused on single reservoir projects in the past few years, but there is little research available on the safety risk analysis of cascade reservoirs, either within China or internationally. Therefore, a framework for risk analysis on the cascade reservoir system based on the theory of system engineering is constructed in this article. A cascading failure model is established and the connection degree factor discussed. In addition, the importance degree of the subsystem, which can be calculated by combining the analytical hierarchy process and the entropy weight method, is explained. According to brittleness theory of a complex system, brittle risk entropy is proposed as a performance index for measuring the collapse uncertainty of the cascade reservoir system. In addition, the brittle risk of the cascade reservoir system is predicted, which provides a reference for safety analysis in water conservation and hydropower construction projects in China.

A Study on Spatial Variation of Water Security Risks for the Zhangjiakou Region

Zhangjiakou region is situated in an agro-pastoral ecotone with a fragile ecosystem. While it has limited surface water resources available and serious groundwater over-exploitation, the city is located in the water conservation zone for the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei coordinated development area, so its water security is crucial for the entire Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region. Therefore, it is of vital significance to determine the zoning management of water resources and decision-making according to the magnitude of water resource security risks. This study built an indicator system for water security risk assessment in line with the principles of scientific validity, comparability, operability, and data availability, and this system gives weights to these indicators using the AHP approach. County-level multi-source data for the study area, based on water resource zones, were collected by using mathematical statistics and 3 S technology. With normalized data and a weighting method the water security risks were calculated. The results showed large spatial variations of water security risks in Zhangjiakou on the scales of geomorphic and administrative units as well as river basins. High-risk areas are extensive in the Bashang Plateau, and extremely high risk values are found in the Baxia areas. On the watershed scale, high-risk areas are mainly distributed in the inland river basins and the Yongding River basin. The risk values of the Luanhe River, Chaobai River and Daqing River basins in the Zhangjiakou region tend to decrease from north to south. For the northern and western areas of the Bashang Plateau, the factor of "vulnerability of the disaster-prone environment" contributes the most to the water security risk level. Agricultural water use constrains industrial and ecological water use, but in the context of inadequate water resource endowments, the urban population concentration and industrial development are the main causes of water shortages and water pollution so they contribute more to water security risks. This study of the spatial variation of water security risks in Zhangjiakou can provide an important scientific reference for zone-based management and decision-making for reducing the water security risks in the farming-pastoral ecotone.