Well-preserved specimens of Hamatophyton verticillatum collected from the Upper Devonian （Famennian） Wutong Formation of Chaohu district, Anhui Province, South China, display more complete fertile axes in three orde...Well-preserved specimens of Hamatophyton verticillatum collected from the Upper Devonian （Famennian） Wutong Formation of Chaohu district, Anhui Province, South China, display more complete fertile axes in three orders and multiple divisions. Comparisons indicate that Hamatophyton possibly does not have palmate planate sterile leaves but hook-like linear ones with rare divisions. We propose seven definitive characters of Sphenophyllales： （1） completely whorled lateral organs; （2） sterile leaves; （3） strobili; （4） ＂sporangiophores＂ or stalks with reflexed tips bearing sporangia; （5） three- or four-ribbed primary xylem; （6） exarch maturation of primary xylem; and （7） secondary xylem. The Sphenophyllales probably originated from the Iridopteridales based on similarities in whorled lateral organs, ribbed primary xylem and peripheral protoxylem strands. In transition from Iridopteridales to Sphenophyllales, morphological changes involve partially whorled to completely whorled lateral organs, sterile ultimate appendages to leaves, and fertile ultimate appendages to ＂sporangiophores＂/stalks with bracts; anatomical modifications include configuration and maturation of primary xylem, and presence of secondary xylem.展开更多
Objective： New systemic therapies are needed to improve the prognosis of patients with advanced-stage hepatocellular carcinoma. The study was conducted to determine the efficacy and safety of viscum fraxini-2 in adva...Objective： New systemic therapies are needed to improve the prognosis of patients with advanced-stage hepatocellular carcinoma. The study was conducted to determine the efficacy and safety of viscum fraxini-2 in advanced Hepatocellular carcinoma. Methods： A phase II study with a two-stage design that enrolled a total of 120 patients with chemotherapy nai＇ve advanced hepatocellular carcinoma. The mistletoe preparation for the study is an aqueous injectable solution that contains one milliliter of viscum fraxini. Two ampoules of viscum fraxini were administered subcutaneously once weekly. Re- suits： Chronic hepatitis C virus infection was the predominant cause of liver disease （60%） in studied cases. According to the response evaluation criteria in solid tumors 24 patients （20%） achieved objective response （including 2 complete responses） and 40 patients （33.3%） achieved stable disease. The median progression free survival for all patients was 4 months （range 1-28 months; 95% CI 3.3：4.7 months）. The median overall survival for all patients was 8 months （range 1-28 months; 95% CI 6.3：9.7 months）. The median survival for patients who achieved responsive or stable disease was 16 months. The toxicity was generally mild and well tolerated, mainly in the form of local reaction and fever. There were no drug related discontinu- ation or toxic deaths. Conclusion： Viscum fraxini-2 is an effective, safe treatment for patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma. Further randomized controlled trials are recommended.展开更多
Objective The aim of the study was to observe the influence of autologous cytokine-induced killer cell （CIK） treatment on the objective efficacy and safety of gefitinib in advanced non-small ceil lung cancer （NSCLC...Objective The aim of the study was to observe the influence of autologous cytokine-induced killer cell （CIK） treatment on the objective efficacy and safety of gefitinib in advanced non-small ceil lung cancer （NSCLC）. Methods Sixty-six patients with NSCLC received gefitinib as second-line treatment. They were randomly divided into 2 groups, and informed consent forms were signed before grouping. Gefitinib was administrated to the control group, and autologous CIK treatment was added to the observation group. The objective treatment and adverse reactions were evaluated in both groups. Results The objective response rate （ORR） and the disease control rate （DCR） of the observation group were slightly higher than those of the control group, although no statistical differences were found between the 2 groups （P 〉 0.05）. The incidences of diarrhea, fatigue, anorexia, oral ulcers, and myelosuppression in the observation group were much lower than those in the control group （P 〈 0.05）. However, there were no statistical differences between the incidences of skin rash, and liver and kidney toxicities （P 〉 0.05）. Conclusion Autologous CIK in combination with gefitinib is effective as second-line treatment fore ad- vanced NSCLC, and can significantly reduce adverse reactions and improve the objective efficacy.展开更多
During an excavation survey to the Daijiayuan vestige of the Western Zhou Dynasty-Late Spring and Autumn Period at Huoshan in Western Anhui,a ground crack related to tectonic movement and filled with silty fine sand w...During an excavation survey to the Daijiayuan vestige of the Western Zhou Dynasty-Late Spring and Autumn Period at Huoshan in Western Anhui,a ground crack related to tectonic movement and filled with silty fine sand was found. This phenomenon was initially confirmed to be due to seismic liquefaction. Many microscopic seismic relics,such as load structure,flow structure,cutoff plane and flotation of organic matter were found in the directional microscopic analysis of deformation. These discoveries and cognitions prove that there were two earthquake events taking place in the Western Zhou Dynasty-Late Spring and Autumn Period in this area. Above-mentioned works enrich and develop the research methods to identify prehistoric earthquake event in eastern China area to a certain extent.展开更多
In this article, we have inverted local broadband waveform data to determine the focal mechanism of the 2011 Ms4.8 Anqing earthquake. Our results show that the best double couple solution of the Ms4.8 event is 16°...In this article, we have inverted local broadband waveform data to determine the focal mechanism of the 2011 Ms4.8 Anqing earthquake. Our results show that the best double couple solution of the Ms4.8 event is 16°, 74° and 120° for strike, dip and rake angles of one nodal plane respectively, and 131 °, 33°, 30° for the other nodal plane. The estimated focal depth is about 3kin. Both strikes of the two nodal planes differ significantly to the strike of Susong-Zongyang fault, along which seismic activity has been at a low level since the Late Quaternary. This implies that this earthquake may not have occurred on the Susong-Zongyang fault, and we infer that a buried fault with strike of NNE may be the seismogenic structure of this event.展开更多
Many reefs of the Late Paleozoic have been discovered recently in the Hinggan-lnner Mongolia area. These reefs clearly are geographically extensive, and possess distinctive features and well-developed reef-facies. The...Many reefs of the Late Paleozoic have been discovered recently in the Hinggan-lnner Mongolia area. These reefs clearly are geographically extensive, and possess distinctive features and well-developed reef-facies. They have been found to contain five reef-building communities and were constructed in four periods. Colonial coral-algal reefs at Aohan and Chifeng represent a warm shallow-sea in the Carboniferous. Different reefs in the Xiwu Banner were formed in three periods： early Late Carboniferous, late Late Carboniferous and Early Permian. These reefs were built in warm sea conditions. Their buildup types include colonial coral frameworks, algae-buildings and lime-mud mounds. Bryozoan reefs in the Zhalaite and Dongwu banners were built in the late Middle Permian and thrived in a cold shallow-sea. All reefs grew independently on two kinds of sedimentary platforms, carbonate and carbonate-clastic mixed platforms. Four reef-forming periods occurred later from south to north, along a collisional course between the North China Plate and the Siberian Plate. These reefs can be arranged into three ＇reef-links＇ or reef zones that extend along plate margins. Among these, the Aohan-Chifeng reef-link indicates a northern margin of the North China Plate, the Zhalaite-Dongwu reef-link marks a southern margin of the Siberian Plate, and the Xiwu-Beishan reef-link reflects the former existence of some inter-plates. The strata of each reef-facies are thick and contain rich asphalt deposits. Overlapping and heteropic layers are very thick and contain dark oil/gas-rich horizons; TOC analyses verify that most of these are good hydrocarbon source rocks. This study shows that the study area is an excellent candidate for oil-gas exploration.展开更多
Yanshanian magmatisms are intensive in the southern Anhui Province and can be divided into early （152-137 Ma） and late （136-122 Ma） stages. A Yanshanian granitic zone was found to crop out along Qingshan to Changg...Yanshanian magmatisms are intensive in the southern Anhui Province and can be divided into early （152-137 Ma） and late （136-122 Ma） stages. A Yanshanian granitic zone was found to crop out along Qingshan to Changgai areas in the Ttmxi district in Field investigation which has a genetic link with molybdenum multiple metal mineralization. To be a representative syenitic granite in the southern Anhui Province, the Huangshan pluton has not been found so far to have any genetic link with mineralization. Zircon LA-ICP-MS dating indicate that the four granitic bodies from the Qingshan-Changgai zone have concurrent formed ages from 140~：4 to 141~2 Ma, belonging to the Yanshanian early stage magmatism. However, the Huangshan granite is dated to be 12912 Ma, belonging to the Yanshanian late stage magmatism. The Qingshan-Changgai granites show high SiO2 and K20 contents, low P205 contents and middle A12O3 contents and are high-K calc-alkaline series metaluminum I-type granite. These rocks are characterized by enrichments in the large ion lithophile elements and light rare earth elements （REE）, depletions in the high field-strength elements, and middle degree negative anomalies of Eu, geochemical features of arc or continent crustal derived magma affinities. These rocks have 87Sr/StSr（t） ratios from 0.7120 to 0.7125,εNd（t） values from -7.24 to -4.38 and zircon εHf（t） values of -4.4 to 6.7, similar to that of the coeval ore-bearing granodiorites in the southern Anhui Province. Integrated geochemical studies indicate that the Yanshanian ore-bearing granodiorites were formed by partial melting of the Meso-Neoproterozoic accreted thickened low crust. Meanwhile, the Qingshan-Changgai granites were formed through a AFC process of plagioclase＋amphibole＋Shangxi Group of magmas that formed the ore-bearing granodiorites. The Huangshan granites are characterized by high SiOz and K2O contents, moderate Al2O3 contents, seagull shape REE distributed pattern and distinct Eu negative abnormities. Comparing with the Qingshan-Changgai granites, the Huangshan granites show more Ba, Sr, P, and Ti negative abnormities with no Nb and Ta depletions and are high-K calc-alkaline series metaluminum A-type granite, εHr（t） values of the Huangshan granites are from -6.6 to -1.2, similar to that of the early stage ore-bearing granodiorites, indicating that they were also formed by anatexis of the Meso-Neoproterozoic accreted crust, but their magma sources might be residual granulitic crust which ever underwent Yanshanian early stage I-type intermediate-acid magma extraction. Comparing studies on the two stages granites indicate that the early stage granites derived from a relative thickened low crust under a lower temperature condition. Their magma sources were Meso-Neoproterozoic accreted crust which enriched in ore-forming materials and further became more enriched through processes of magma AFC evolution. However, the late stage A-type granites originated from relative shallow crust under a higher temperature condition. Their magma source was depleted in ore-forming materials due to the early stage magma extraction and thus had weak ore-forming capacity. From early to late stage, the magmatisms tectonic setting translated from post-orogenic to anorogenic and the later corresponded to a back-arc extensional setting as increase of the slab subducted angle of the Paleo-Pacific plate.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural ScienceFoundation of China(Grant Nos.40772010,40830211)Program for New Century Excellent Talents in theUniversity of China(NCET-06-0012)
文摘Well-preserved specimens of Hamatophyton verticillatum collected from the Upper Devonian （Famennian） Wutong Formation of Chaohu district, Anhui Province, South China, display more complete fertile axes in three orders and multiple divisions. Comparisons indicate that Hamatophyton possibly does not have palmate planate sterile leaves but hook-like linear ones with rare divisions. We propose seven definitive characters of Sphenophyllales： （1） completely whorled lateral organs; （2） sterile leaves; （3） strobili; （4） ＂sporangiophores＂ or stalks with reflexed tips bearing sporangia; （5） three- or four-ribbed primary xylem; （6） exarch maturation of primary xylem; and （7） secondary xylem. The Sphenophyllales probably originated from the Iridopteridales based on similarities in whorled lateral organs, ribbed primary xylem and peripheral protoxylem strands. In transition from Iridopteridales to Sphenophyllales, morphological changes involve partially whorled to completely whorled lateral organs, sterile ultimate appendages to leaves, and fertile ultimate appendages to ＂sporangiophores＂/stalks with bracts; anatomical modifications include configuration and maturation of primary xylem, and presence of secondary xylem.
文摘Objective： New systemic therapies are needed to improve the prognosis of patients with advanced-stage hepatocellular carcinoma. The study was conducted to determine the efficacy and safety of viscum fraxini-2 in advanced Hepatocellular carcinoma. Methods： A phase II study with a two-stage design that enrolled a total of 120 patients with chemotherapy nai＇ve advanced hepatocellular carcinoma. The mistletoe preparation for the study is an aqueous injectable solution that contains one milliliter of viscum fraxini. Two ampoules of viscum fraxini were administered subcutaneously once weekly. Re- suits： Chronic hepatitis C virus infection was the predominant cause of liver disease （60%） in studied cases. According to the response evaluation criteria in solid tumors 24 patients （20%） achieved objective response （including 2 complete responses） and 40 patients （33.3%） achieved stable disease. The median progression free survival for all patients was 4 months （range 1-28 months; 95% CI 3.3：4.7 months）. The median overall survival for all patients was 8 months （range 1-28 months; 95% CI 6.3：9.7 months）. The median survival for patients who achieved responsive or stable disease was 16 months. The toxicity was generally mild and well tolerated, mainly in the form of local reaction and fever. There were no drug related discontinu- ation or toxic deaths. Conclusion： Viscum fraxini-2 is an effective, safe treatment for patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma. Further randomized controlled trials are recommended.
文摘Objective The aim of the study was to observe the influence of autologous cytokine-induced killer cell （CIK） treatment on the objective efficacy and safety of gefitinib in advanced non-small ceil lung cancer （NSCLC）. Methods Sixty-six patients with NSCLC received gefitinib as second-line treatment. They were randomly divided into 2 groups, and informed consent forms were signed before grouping. Gefitinib was administrated to the control group, and autologous CIK treatment was added to the observation group. The objective treatment and adverse reactions were evaluated in both groups. Results The objective response rate （ORR） and the disease control rate （DCR） of the observation group were slightly higher than those of the control group, although no statistical differences were found between the 2 groups （P 〉 0.05）. The incidences of diarrhea, fatigue, anorexia, oral ulcers, and myelosuppression in the observation group were much lower than those in the control group （P 〈 0.05）. However, there were no statistical differences between the incidences of skin rash, and liver and kidney toxicities （P 〉 0.05）. Conclusion Autologous CIK in combination with gefitinib is effective as second-line treatment fore ad- vanced NSCLC, and can significantly reduce adverse reactions and improve the objective efficacy.
基金This paper is a contribution to Scientific Research Special Project of the Earthquake Calling (200808064)Science and Technology Tackle Key Problem Plan Project of Anhui Province(08010302204)Natural Science Fund of Anhui Province(070415222),China
文摘During an excavation survey to the Daijiayuan vestige of the Western Zhou Dynasty-Late Spring and Autumn Period at Huoshan in Western Anhui,a ground crack related to tectonic movement and filled with silty fine sand was found. This phenomenon was initially confirmed to be due to seismic liquefaction. Many microscopic seismic relics,such as load structure,flow structure,cutoff plane and flotation of organic matter were found in the directional microscopic analysis of deformation. These discoveries and cognitions prove that there were two earthquake events taking place in the Western Zhou Dynasty-Late Spring and Autumn Period in this area. Above-mentioned works enrich and develop the research methods to identify prehistoric earthquake event in eastern China area to a certain extent.
基金supported by the China Earthquake Administration as a work Assignment for Seismic Situation Tracing for Earthquake Forecast and Prediction (2011020104)
文摘In this article, we have inverted local broadband waveform data to determine the focal mechanism of the 2011 Ms4.8 Anqing earthquake. Our results show that the best double couple solution of the Ms4.8 event is 16°, 74° and 120° for strike, dip and rake angles of one nodal plane respectively, and 131 °, 33°, 30° for the other nodal plane. The estimated focal depth is about 3kin. Both strikes of the two nodal planes differ significantly to the strike of Susong-Zongyang fault, along which seismic activity has been at a low level since the Late Quaternary. This implies that this earthquake may not have occurred on the Susong-Zongyang fault, and we infer that a buried fault with strike of NNE may be the seismogenic structure of this event.
基金supported by the Geological Survey of China (Grant No. 1212010782004)National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 41072021)
文摘Many reefs of the Late Paleozoic have been discovered recently in the Hinggan-lnner Mongolia area. These reefs clearly are geographically extensive, and possess distinctive features and well-developed reef-facies. They have been found to contain five reef-building communities and were constructed in four periods. Colonial coral-algal reefs at Aohan and Chifeng represent a warm shallow-sea in the Carboniferous. Different reefs in the Xiwu Banner were formed in three periods： early Late Carboniferous, late Late Carboniferous and Early Permian. These reefs were built in warm sea conditions. Their buildup types include colonial coral frameworks, algae-buildings and lime-mud mounds. Bryozoan reefs in the Zhalaite and Dongwu banners were built in the late Middle Permian and thrived in a cold shallow-sea. All reefs grew independently on two kinds of sedimentary platforms, carbonate and carbonate-clastic mixed platforms. Four reef-forming periods occurred later from south to north, along a collisional course between the North China Plate and the Siberian Plate. These reefs can be arranged into three ＇reef-links＇ or reef zones that extend along plate margins. Among these, the Aohan-Chifeng reef-link indicates a northern margin of the North China Plate, the Zhalaite-Dongwu reef-link marks a southern margin of the Siberian Plate, and the Xiwu-Beishan reef-link reflects the former existence of some inter-plates. The strata of each reef-facies are thick and contain rich asphalt deposits. Overlapping and heteropic layers are very thick and contain dark oil/gas-rich horizons; TOC analyses verify that most of these are good hydrocarbon source rocks. This study shows that the study area is an excellent candidate for oil-gas exploration.
基金supported by the State Key R&D Project of China(Grant No.2016YFC0600203)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.41672052,41272074)
文摘Yanshanian magmatisms are intensive in the southern Anhui Province and can be divided into early （152-137 Ma） and late （136-122 Ma） stages. A Yanshanian granitic zone was found to crop out along Qingshan to Changgai areas in the Ttmxi district in Field investigation which has a genetic link with molybdenum multiple metal mineralization. To be a representative syenitic granite in the southern Anhui Province, the Huangshan pluton has not been found so far to have any genetic link with mineralization. Zircon LA-ICP-MS dating indicate that the four granitic bodies from the Qingshan-Changgai zone have concurrent formed ages from 140~：4 to 141~2 Ma, belonging to the Yanshanian early stage magmatism. However, the Huangshan granite is dated to be 12912 Ma, belonging to the Yanshanian late stage magmatism. The Qingshan-Changgai granites show high SiO2 and K20 contents, low P205 contents and middle A12O3 contents and are high-K calc-alkaline series metaluminum I-type granite. These rocks are characterized by enrichments in the large ion lithophile elements and light rare earth elements （REE）, depletions in the high field-strength elements, and middle degree negative anomalies of Eu, geochemical features of arc or continent crustal derived magma affinities. These rocks have 87Sr/StSr（t） ratios from 0.7120 to 0.7125,εNd（t） values from -7.24 to -4.38 and zircon εHf（t） values of -4.4 to 6.7, similar to that of the coeval ore-bearing granodiorites in the southern Anhui Province. Integrated geochemical studies indicate that the Yanshanian ore-bearing granodiorites were formed by partial melting of the Meso-Neoproterozoic accreted thickened low crust. Meanwhile, the Qingshan-Changgai granites were formed through a AFC process of plagioclase＋amphibole＋Shangxi Group of magmas that formed the ore-bearing granodiorites. The Huangshan granites are characterized by high SiOz and K2O contents, moderate Al2O3 contents, seagull shape REE distributed pattern and distinct Eu negative abnormities. Comparing with the Qingshan-Changgai granites, the Huangshan granites show more Ba, Sr, P, and Ti negative abnormities with no Nb and Ta depletions and are high-K calc-alkaline series metaluminum A-type granite, εHr（t） values of the Huangshan granites are from -6.6 to -1.2, similar to that of the early stage ore-bearing granodiorites, indicating that they were also formed by anatexis of the Meso-Neoproterozoic accreted crust, but their magma sources might be residual granulitic crust which ever underwent Yanshanian early stage I-type intermediate-acid magma extraction. Comparing studies on the two stages granites indicate that the early stage granites derived from a relative thickened low crust under a lower temperature condition. Their magma sources were Meso-Neoproterozoic accreted crust which enriched in ore-forming materials and further became more enriched through processes of magma AFC evolution. However, the late stage A-type granites originated from relative shallow crust under a higher temperature condition. Their magma source was depleted in ore-forming materials due to the early stage magma extraction and thus had weak ore-forming capacity. From early to late stage, the magmatisms tectonic setting translated from post-orogenic to anorogenic and the later corresponded to a back-arc extensional setting as increase of the slab subducted angle of the Paleo-Pacific plate.
