清代淮安府荡地开垦与政府治理的互动

伴随着海势东迁,明代淮安府沿海荡地已出现盐场与民户相互争夺的态势,一方面是盐场为维护既有的盐利而竭力遏制沿海的农业开发,另一方面则是新淤的荡地往往吸引一批批新来的开发者。清初已淤为内陆的安东县垦荡行为在得到康熙帝首肯后,又有了进一步发展。清中期亭场商办这一市场行为也使得灶丁由制盐转向耕田,从而造成了狼在当地的绝迹。两淮盐场民众面对环境变迁积极调适生计,成为清代海州升为直隶州,庙湾、东台由盐场升格为县及清末民初“废灶兴垦”的内在动力。

华东大区站1991～1992年优秀情报成果评选获奖项目

一等奖:1.福建省永安市、沙县森林采伐限额管理办法和监督检查办法调查研究初报林业部华东院何时珍余平王金治俞培忠2.

Analyses on cancer incidence and mortality in Huai’an area,China,from 2009 to 2011

Objective： The aim of the study was to investigate the cancer incidence and mortality in Huai＇an area, China, from 2009 to 2011. Methods： The data about cancer incidence and mortality were provided by Huai＇an Cancer Registry, China. Incidence and mortality rates, and standardized rates were calculated by age, gender, areas （urban and rural areas of Huai＇an） and cancer sites. Results： The crude incidence rate for all cancer sites was 205.60/105 and the standardized incidence rate was 166.22/10. Both the crude and standardized rates were higher in urban area than in rural area for both sexes. The inci- dence rates increased in people aged 40 and over, and the peak ages of incidence were between 70-75 in both males and females. The crude mortality rate for all cancer sites was 153.88/105 and the standardized mortality rate was 122.14/105. Both the crude and standardized rates were similar in urban and rural areas for both men and women. The mortality rates were at low level under the age 50 in both sexes, but increased after the age 50, reaching the peak at the ages of 80-85 in both males and females. The top 10 most common cancer sites in rank were esophagus, stomach, lung, liver, colon-rectum, breast, pancreas, cervix uteri, brain and central nervous system, and leukemia, accounting for 87.56% of all cancers. The top 10 most leading causes of cancer death in order were cancers of esophagus, lung, liver, stomach, colon-rectum, pancreas, brain and central nervous system, leukemia, breast and lymphoma, accounting for 90.53% of all cancer deaths. Conclusion： Cancer is one kind of major diseases threatening people＇s health in Huai＇an area, China. Cancer prevention and control should be enhanced, especially for esophageal cancer.

Analysis on the epidemiological characteristics of esophageal cancer in Huai’an area,China from 2009 to 2011

Objective: The aim of our study was to investigate the epidemiological characteristics of esophageal cancer from 2009 to 2011 in Huai'an area, China. Methods: The data about the incidence and mortality of esophageal cancer were provid- ed by Huai'an Cancer Registry, and the epidemiological characteristics of the disease were analyzed. Results: Esophageal cancer was not only the first most common cancer, but also the leading cause of cancer death in Huai'an area. The crude and standardized incidence rates were 62.91/10 5 and 49.92/10 5 , and the crude and standardized mortality rates were 46.75/10 5 and 36.87/10 5 , respectively. The sex ratio (male-female) was 1.69:1 in incidence, and the incidence increased in people aged 40 years and over, reaching the peak at the ages of 70-75 years. The mortality rate was at low level under the age of 50 years, but increased after the age of 50 years, reaching the peak at the age of 75-85 years. Incidence and mortality rates varied regionally with the highest rate found in Chuzhou district (90.76/10 5 and 67.17/10 5 ) and lowest rate observed in Qinghe district (32.41/10 5 and 8.75/10 5 ). Conclusion: Esophageal cancer is the major burden of cancer in Huai'an area, and has marked geographic distribution difference. The key period of age for screening and prevention of the disease is 55-85 years old.

Forecasting the underground waters regime in the pitching aquifers in Huainan mining area

Huainan area is an important coal base of the east of China. In the early part of the 1980s, the study of the underground waters dynamic state in the area was gradually paid close attention to. This paper introduces the observation system of the groundwater dynamic state in the multilayered pitching aquifer, and expounds the hydrogeologic feature and the waterpower relations among aquifers. Furthermore, based on the analysis of the relations of the groundwater dynamic state to surface water, meteoric water and mining shaft outflow rate, this paper establishes main water filled aquifers of mining shaft (C 3-1 ,C 3-2 ,C 3-3 and O 2).In the light of the actual situation of the greatly changing aquifer occurrence and steep dip angle, the “two layer space curved surface seepage model" and the calculating step are all suggested. Since 1991,the groundwater dynamic state of the next year has been predicted (numerical simulation) every year. Contracting with the measured data, we gain a relatively ideal effect.

Water Security Situation in Haihe River Basin after South-to-North Water Transfer Project

The over-exploitation of water resources in the Haihe River Basin （HRB） has now become a serious problem. This is clearly evidenced by the fact that many local rivers and lakes are drying up and the total amount of over-exploited groundwater has reached over 1000×10^8m^3. It is important to note that the exploitation of water resources in HRB was reasonable before 1979. After 1980, however, over-exploitation happened with an annual average amount of 40×10^8m^3. Both the dry season and rapid economic growth in HRB took place at the same time. Therefore, the over-exploitation of water in HRB was actually the negative result of the conjunction of a continuous dry season and rapid economic growth. So the over-exploitation would not be as serious as it is today if either of the above two stopped. After the first stage of south-to-north water transfer project, the water shortage problem in HRB could be eased for the following reasons： firstly, water transfer project will bring to the Basin 60x108m3 water resources; secondly, a wet season will come back eventually according to natural law of climate variability; finally, its agricultural and industrial use and total water consumption all have decreased from the peak value, so that the groundwater table will raise certainly and ecological water in rivers and lakes that were dried-up will be partly restored. In the future, the main problem of water resources security in HRB will include water pollution, operation risk of the south-to-north water transfer project, groundwater pollution and engineering geological hazards that may be brought by groundwater rise. The proposed countermeasures are as follows： keeping strengthening water demand management, raising water price as well as subsidies for the low- income family and improving other water related policies, preventing and dealing with water pollution seriously and getting fully prepared for the operation of south-to-north water transfer project.

Ecosystem Service Value Evolution and Security Pattern Optimization in Huaihai Economic Zone

The ecological and environmental effects caused by land use change have attracted global attention.Huaihai Economic Zone, as the core of the Huaihe River ecological economic belt, has experienced a reciprocal evolution of land use, ecological security and regional economic development. Based on multi-stage land use data extracted by Google Earth Engine(GEE), the spatio-temporal differentiation characteristics of ecosystem service value(ESV) evolution in Huaihai Economic Zone from 1998 to 2018 were analyzed with the help of ESV assessment and a minimum accumulated resistance model(MCR), and the regional ecological security pattern(ESP) was optimized. The results show that ESV intensity has obvious spatial differentiation, which is higher in northeastern China and lower in southwestern China. The median ESV area accounted for the largest proportion, while the high and low ESV areas accounted for a small proportion. The characteristics of EVS temporal and spatial differentiation show decreasing and increasing grades. From the perspective of development period, the ESV grade changes show a positive trend. In the optimization of the ecological security pattern, 26 important ecological sources, 22main landscape ecological corridors, and 65 ecological strategic nodes were optimized and identified, and the middle-level ecological security zone accounted for the largest proportion. The main reasons for the changes in the ESV and ESP are closely related to the changes in local natural resources and the changes and adjustments in government protection policies. These research results can provide a reference for inter-provincial territorial space protection and the formulation of a sustainable development strategy.