明代安辑流民政策述论

明代安辑流民政策的主要对象是因年饥、战争或逃避繁重赋税而流移异地谋生的这部分人口。有明一代的安流政策采取提供基本生存条件、编籍管理和鼓励垦荒等措施,对逃户实行整顿户籍、免租税和随地占籍等政策。明代的安辑流民政策对社会的稳定和经济增长起着很大的促进作用。

东北战场之战略易势(1946.10—1947.7)

1946年10月至1947年7月,东北战场之敌我态势发生转变。歼灭国民党军8000人的新开岭战役,终结了国民党军在东北战场的发展态势。第一次临江保卫战中之辑安反击战,歼灭国民党军4000余人,开始改变敌主动、我被动的态势。第二次临江保卫战中之运动战和游击战、正面战场和敌后战场相互配合,进一步改变这一态势。第三次临江保卫战包围德惠、袭取长春后,国民党军开始被动挨打。1947年的夏季攻势,使国民党军只能龟缩在长春等据点,东北解放已成定局。国民党军在东北战场上由主动变为被动,丧失了对战场的控制权;东北民主联军则由被动变主动,掌握了东北战场。

客家人赣考

本文论述了客家入迁江西的特殊政治、经济条件，考察了客家入迁江西各地的方式、经过及路线，翔实地展现了江西客家的源流。

A RISK ASSESSMENT METHOD OF THE WIRELESS NETWORK SECURITY

The core of network security is the risk assessment. In this letter,a risk assessment method is introduced to estimate the wireless network security. The method,which combines Analytic Hier-archy Process (AHP) method and fuzzy logical method,is applied to the risk assessment. Fuzzy logical method is applied to judge the important degree of each factor in the aspects of the probability,the influence and the uncontrollability,not to directly judge the important degree itself. The risk as-sessment is carved up 3 layers applying AHP method,the sort weight of the third layer is calculated by fuzzy logical method. Finally,the important degree is calculated by AHP method. By comparing the important degree of each factor,the risk which can be controlled by taking measures is known. The study of the case shows that the method can be easily used to the risk assessment of the wireless network security and its results conform to the actual situation.

Chaotic system and QR factorization based robust digital image watermarking algorithm

In order to protect copyright of digital images,a new robust digital image watermarking algorithm based on chaotic system and QR factorization was proposed.The host images were firstly divided into blocks with same size,then QR factorization was performed on each block.Pseudorandom circular chain(PCC) generated by logistic mapping(LM) was applied to select the embedding blocks for enhancing the security of the scheme.The first column coefficients in Q matrix of chosen blocks were modified to embed watermarks without causing noticeable artifacts.Watermark extraction procedure was performed without the original cover image.The experimental results demonstrate that the watermarked images have good visual quality and this scheme is better than the existing techniques,especially when the image is attacked by cropping,noise pollution and so on.Analysis and discussion on robustness and security issues were also presented.

Restraint Usage Characteristics and Other Factors Associated with Safety of Children Involved in Motor Vehicle Crashes

Involvement in road traffic crashes as vehicle occupants is a leading cause of death and serious injury among children. The objective of this study was to investigate crash severity factors and child safety restraint use characteristics in order to identify effective countermeasures to increase children＇s highway safety. Characteristics and percentages of restraint use among child passengers aged 4-13 years were examined using highway crash data from Kansas. The association between restraint use, injury severity and characteristics of children involved in crashes were investigated using OR （odds ratios） and a logistic regression model, which was used to identify risk factors. Results showed that children, who were unrestrained, were seated in the front seat, traveling with drunk drivers and on rural roads, and traveling during nighttime was more vulnerable to severe injury in the case of motor vehicle crashes. The most frequent contributing causes related to crashes involving children included driver＇s inattention while driving, failure to yield right-of-way, driving too fast, wet roads and animals in the road. Based on identified critical factors, general countermeasure ideas to improve children＇s traffic safety were suggested, including age-appropriate and size-appropriate seat belt restraints and having children seated in the rear seat. Parents and children must gain better education regarding these safety measures in order to increase child safety on the road.

Determinants of Food Security in Selected Agro-pastoral Communities of Somali and Oromia Regions, Ethiopia

In spite of receiving a significant amount of food aid, achieving food security has been a major problem in Ethiopia. The claim is evidenced from the 2010 Global Hunger Index where the country fared dismally, coming only fourth from the bottom. There are several factors attributing to this problem of food insecurity in a country like Ethiopia which depends highly on agriculture and allied activities. Some of the factors can be linked to low food production and productivity thereby leading to pervasive poverty. In order to assess these factors, the study was conducted on some selected members of agro-pastoral communities of Somali and Oromia regions in Ethiopia. Using availability of food in the household for the last one month as a proxy for food security, the estimated results of a logistic regression model indicated that the most significant factors affecting household food security are educational level of the spouse and that of the household head, size of farm land, availability of household assets including livestock, peace and security. The paper suggests some leads to how these amenities and resources can be provided to household members as they endeavor to reduce food insecurity.

Safety diagnosis on coal mine production system based on fuzzy logic inference

According to the randomness and uncertainty of information in the safety diagnosis of coal mine production system (CMPS), a novel safety diagnosis method was proposed by applying fuzzy logic inference method, which consists of safety diagnosis fuzzifier, defuzzifier, fuzzy rules base and inference engine. Through the safety diagnosis on coal mine roadway rail transportation system, the result shows that the unsafe probability is about 0.5 influenced by no speed reduction and over quick turnout on roadway, which is the most possible reason leading to the accident of roadway rail transportation system.

Effect of Socio-Economic Variables on Fish Production of Small Farmers in Tocantins State, Brazil

Fish farming is a strategic activity for both the economy and food security of the Tocantins state. Nowadays, there are about eighty small fish farmers in the region of Divin6polis in Tocantins state. The technological level of fish farmers is low and it was found that only 30% of farmers could ever get to the point of selling fish. Therefore, the objective of this paper is to investigate which socioeconomic factors have influence on the fact of fish farmers in the region of Divin6polis and in Tocantins state reach a level of efficiency in production enough that the fish can be good for sale in the local market. To estimate this relation the logit model was chosen, with methodology based on the empirical model used in Musaba and Namukwambi. Following the production of fish farms in the Western of Tocantins state, the collect of the data, during 2012, were conduct with interviews of 30 fish farms, visiting them in their homes and applying a questionnaire. Through the use of econometric models of probability for limited dependent variables, it was found that factors such as participation in federal programs to transfer income, total area of water and production in ponds are key factors in determining the likelihood of producer to sell fish.

我国古代纠正人口统计中虚假现象的若干措施

我国是世界上人口统计较早的国家之一.历代封建王朝,都很注意人口统计.因为人口统计是封建统治者征发兵役和徭役、课敛赋税的依据.然而,统计数字往往不实.主要是在封建制度下,存在着官吏贪污舞弊、士族挟藏人口、人民逃亡隐匿等问题.