山茱萸炮制前后宏微量元素及氨基酸成分比较研究

目的:研究山茱萸中宏微量元素和氨基酸成分及炮制对两大类成分的影响,探讨山茱萸补肝肾的物质基础。方法:采用OPA-FMOC-C1联用柱前衍生化-RP-HPLC法测定氨基酸的含量及依据JY/T015-1996电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱方法通则测定溶出液中无机元素的含量。结果:山茱萸生品溶出液中检出十八种无机元素,溶出液富含K,Ca,Mg等元素。炮制后除Cu明显下降、Ba,Ni基本不变外,其他各种元素均有不同程度的增加,稀土元素La,Ce等元素含量增大明显。山茱萸药材检出十六种氨基酸,富含天冬氨酸和谷氨酸。山茱萸酒制后游离氨基酸的总量降低,但赖氨酸、苯丙氨酸等含量增大,炮制后除蛋氨酸、组氨酸遭到破坏,脯氨酸含量显著降低,其余各总氨基酸含量均增大。结论:山茱萸富含天冬氨酸和K,以及多种人体所必须的氨基酸和微量元素,炮制使元素的溶出明显增大,多种氨基酸含量发生改变,赖氨酸、亮氨酸和缬氨酸等肝肾有关的人体必须氨基酸含量显著增大,这些可能是山茱萸炮制后补肝肾作用增强的机制之一。

生煅云母晶体结构及溶出液中宏微量元素比较

目的:通过比较生煅白、金云母的晶体结构、无机元素的不同,以探讨煅制白、金云母的机制。方法:运用红外光谱、X-射线晶体衍射,比较生煅白金云母的晶体结构,采用等离子发射光谱(ICP-AES)测定它们的宏微量元素含量。结果:白云母煅后晶体物相基本不变,金云母煅后晶体物相改变,煅后两者化学组成改变,结构水减少,晶格空位增多,生煅金、白云母溶出液中宏微量元素存在明显差别,白云母溶出液元素各含量均明显超过金云母,白云母煅后,K/Na比值降低,Ca、Mg等元素含量增大,煅制的金云母溶出液中镁含量增大,钙含量降低。结论:白、金云母煅制后云母晶体化学组成发生改变,其溶出液中元素的种类及含量亦发生变化,可能是煅制后药效增强,白、金云母功效差异的机制之一。

不同炮制方法对蛤蚧质量的影响研究

目的探讨不同炮制方法对蛤蚧成分含量的影响。方法制备蛤蚧、酒蛤蚧、油酥蛤蚧、蛤粉炒蛤蚧饮片,参考2015版中国药典检测醇溶性浸出物含量,采用凯式定氮法测定蛋白质含量,氨基酸自动分析仪检测氨基酸的种类和含量,电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)测定10种无机元素的含量。结果除蛤粉制外,油酥制、酒制可以提高蛤蚧中浸出物、蛋白质和总氨基酸含量。酒制、油酥制和蛤粉制蛤蚧对蛤蚧宏量元素Ca、K、Na、Mg的含量影响不大,但可以提高微量元素Fe、Zn、Cu、Mn、Co、Se的加和量。结论不同炮制方法对蛤蚧的浸出物、蛋白质、氨基酸、宏微量元素的含量有不同程度的影响。

Structure of Macro- and Trace Elements Status Observed in Residents of Magadan Town

The authors aimed the study at examining macro- and trace elements content in elderly people of the 1 period of middle age （21-35） residing in Magadan town to assess the content of 25 trace elements in hair samples on individual and population levels by atom-emission spectrometry with inductively-bonded argon plasma. It turned out that the majority of surveyed subjects were characterized by deformation of element status demonstrated by excess and deficit of the basic essential elements of different degrees of manifestation. Deficit of Co （68% of surveyed people）, Mg （67%）, Ca （64%）, Cu （47%）, K （46%）, Zn （44%）, I （41%）, Na （33%）, P （27%） and Se （24%） was typical for female subjects as well as excess of Si （28%）, Zn （22%） and P （20%）. Male residents were characterized by deficit of Co （81%）, Ca （66%）, Mg （65%）, I （50%）, Cu （37%）, K and Na （27%） and excess of Zn （41%）. In individual cases it was noted excess concentration of nominally essential and toxic elements in both examined groups. They were： A1, As, Cd, Li, Ni, Pb, Sn, V and B. While analyzing of medians of chemical concentration it was stated reliable sex-related differences （P 〈 0.05）： content of Ca, Mg and Mn was higher in hair samples of women, and content of As, B, Cd, Cr, K, Li, Na, P, Pb and V, on the contrary, was higher in male samples.

Changes of Metabolites and Macro- and Micro-elements in Hungarian Potatoes under Organic and Conventional Farming

To study the effect of cultivation system （conventional and organic） on potato tuber components, 42 parameters （anti-nutritives, micro- and macro-elements and 23 metabolites） were studied in three multi-resistant Hungarian potato varieties for three years in 2007-2009. Discriminant analysis of data proved that all investigated factors （farming technology, genotype and season/year） had significant effect on metabolites. Reversed phase high performance liquid chromatographic （HPLC-DAD, HPLC-MS） and elemental analysis methods have been adapted to quantify the major components, i.e., steroidal alkaloids, nitrite, nitrate, sugars, amino acids and micro-elements, in potato tubers. The absolute amount and changes of tuber components were influenced differentially by the technology, genotype and season in a complex manner. Any examined component, except nitrate content, was found to be significantly higher or lower consistently in relation to the production practice （organic or conventional） during the three years trials. Under the examined circumstances, no consequent positive effect of organic fanning on the total amount of anti-nutritive components, vitamins or micro- and macro-elements of potato tubers could be proven.