别把“宏物杀手”带回家

目前．饲养宠物已经成为一种时尚，饲养的种类包括狗、猫、猪、兔、鱼、鸭、鹅、鸟、乌龟等等，可谓五花八门，无奇不有。据估计。中国仅宠物狗数量已达1亿只，到2010年，中国宠物狗数量将增至1．5亿只。宠物产业销售额预计400亿元人民币。然而，越来越多的宠物犬伤人事件和居高不下的狂犬病危害，使人们开始考虑：

宏物家长的健康锦囊——如何将健康宏物带进家门——动保环保专家告诉您如何挑选健康宠物

萌妹子晓盈从小就喜欢猫猫狗狗，家里就养着一公一母两条雪瑞纳。最近，她发现在某个街角总蹲伏着一条田园犬。却始终看不到小家伙的主人。向来爱犬如命的晓盈，再次爱心爆盆，萌生出将田园犬带回家与小雪们做伴的念头。可是，晓盈妈妈却觉得这样直接“捡”回家不安全。万一狗狗身上携带了寄生虫或其他病毒菌，恐怕会损害全家人的健康。那么，如何将健康的宠物带进家门？这不仅是晓盈一家。也是很多准备豢养新宠物的家庭非常关心的。

宏物百态

一只高度紧张的收容所狗狗遇见一位罹患癫痫的男孩在九岁时诊断出来的癲痫症,彻底改变了帕克•罗杰斯的人生。这个住在弗雷斯诺的男孩几乎每天发病。他没办法继续上公立学校,和朋友玩的时间也很有限。后来,帕克认识了“大托比”。

为宠物做件时尚衣

把小猫、小狗、小兔子们集合起来办场宠物时装表演赛，那多么有意思啊！喜爱小动物的胡溪成立了工作室让宠物服装也能追着时尚走。

喜忧参半的“宠物热”

近年来,全国各地大小城市兴起了一股宠物热。我国零点公司对北京、上海、广州、武汉、成都、沈阳、郑州、西安八大城市18—70岁的4509名普通市民调查表明,有近50％的人愿养宠物。据报道,在北京市防疫部门登记、注册的宠物猫和狗各有6万多只,而没有注册的远比注册的多得多。北京市民拥有的各类宠物至少在40万只左右。

宠物易掉毛 不妨学三招

支招一：打扫毛发 宠物所掉的细毛很容易在空气中飘浮，扫地时不容易聚拢。因此，在扫地之前，应当先向空中和地面上泼洒少量的水或者用干净的抹布擦一下地板。有了水的凝聚，细毛会结成一个个的小团，便于发现和收集处理。

淀粉酶在干宠物食品挤压加工中的应用——可增大挤压加工能力并使作业成本及与加工能力相关的费用减少到最低限度

一、背景 在干宠物食品生产中,最重要也是费用最高的工序之一是挤压加工。进行此项加工时,淀粉会胶化,故可很方便地供猫和狗进食。由于猫和狗是食肉动物,不能消化生淀粉,因此,淀粉必须通过挤压加工这道工序彻底胶化。 淀粉胶化时会形成一种具有弹性的、可膨胀的物质,因此,当卸压后水蒸发时,它可使食品的物料膨胀而从模具中卸出。另一方面,淀粉胶化时其粘度增高,因而从模具卸出的阻力也加大。因此有可能会使挤压加工过程的生产能力受到影响。 在某些情况下。

Structure and functional heterogeneity of soil microbial communities in different farmland types on the Loess Plateau

Background,aim,and scope Soil microbes are important drivers of nutrient transformation and energy f low.Reclaiming forest land for agricultural use may have profound effects on soil properties and microbial communities.However,the response of soil microbial communities to soil reclamation in the dryland agroecosystem is less understood.Therefore,it is necessary to investigate the changes of soil microbial communities driven by land use conversion to promote nutrient cycling in reclaimed farmland.Materials and methods Based on the metagenomic technique,we evaluated the microbial composition and function of the newly created farmland(NF)after reclamation with two types of traditional farmland(slope farmland(SF),checkdam farmland(CF))on the Loess Plateau,and explored the response of nutrient cycling function to dominant genera and soil properties.Results The results showed that Proteobacteria,Actinobacteria,and Acidobacteria were prevalent in the three types of farmlands.Compared with SF and CF,NF increased the relative abundance of Actinobacteria and Nocardioides,as well as genes related to amino acid metabolism and carbohydrate metabolism.The relative abundance of functional genes related to carbon and nitrogen cycling in the NF was higher than that in the traditional farmland(SF and CF).The relative abundance of nutrient cycling functional genes was positively correlated with dominant genera in the three types of farmlands.Except for pH,soil physicochemical factors were negatively correlated with genes related to amino acid metabolism and carbon cycle.Discussion Previous studies have shown that the nutrient conditions of the soil may intensify the competition between the eutrophic and oligotrophic microbial populations.After long-term cultivation and fertilization,the soil properties of traditional farmland were significantly different from those of NF,leading to the differentiation of dominant microbial groups.Microbes usually have functional redundancy to cope with changing environments.Soil microbes in traditional farmland may contain more genes related to replication and repair,cell growth and death,and environmental adaptation in response to disturbances caused by agricultural practices.On the contrary,the NF was less disturbed by agricultural activities,and the soil properties were more similar to forest land,so the carbon and nitrogen cycle function genes were more abundant.The nutrient cycling function was affected by the abundance of microbial dominant groups and soil properties,which may be related to the availability of soil nutrients and agricultural disturbance in different farmlands.Aspects of soil microbial-driven nutrient cycling in agriculture could be regulated in sustainable method.Conclusions The change from forest land to farmland kept more carbon and nitrogen cycling function in the newly created farmland,while long-term agricultural activities have drastically changed the functional structure of traditional farmland,resulting in the nutrient cycling function more concentrated to meet the needs of crop growth.Recommendations and perspectives Hence,it is necessary to apply sustainable agricultural method to regulate microbial-driven nutrient cycling.The insights are meaningful for sustainable agricultural development and land management in arid areas.

Production of super-high strength aluminum alloy billets by low frequency electromagnetic casting

The effects of low frequency electromagnetic field on the macro-physical fields in the semi-continuous casting process of aluminum alloys and the microstructure and crack in the billets were studied and analyzed by the numerical and experimental methods.Comparison of the results for the macro-physical fields in the low frequency electromagnetic casting（LFEC） process with the conventional DC casting process indicates the following characters due to the application of electromagnetic field：an entirely changed direction and remarkably increased velocity of melt flow;a uniform distribution and a decreased gradient of temperature;elevated isothermal lines;a reduced sump depth;decreased stress and plastic deformation.Further,the microstructure of the billets is refined remarkably and the crack in the billets is eliminated in LFEC process because of modification of the macro-physical fields induced by the application of low frequency electromagnetic field.

New Macroalgal Fossils from Middle Cambrian Kaili Biota in Guizhou Province, China

Abundant and well-preserved remains of noncalcareous algae and soft-bodied metazoans were collected from Middle Cambrian Kaili biota in Taijiang county, Guizhou Province, China. These remains provide further evidence for the wide geographic distribution of many Burgess Shale taxa. Among the algae, 5 genera (including two new genera) and 5 species are described. They are Marpolia spissa Walcott, Acinocricus stichus Conway Morris and Robison, Udotealga erecta Yang, Eosargassum sawata Yang, and Rhizophyton zhaoyuanlongii Yang. Contrasting the macroalgal fossil assemblage in the Kaili biota with one in the Burgess Shale biota, it is clear that similarity of the Kaili biota and the Burgess Shale biota is reflected by the same content of not only the soft-bodied metazoans, but also the noncalcareous algae.

Discovery of Enteromophites in the Chengjiang Biota and Its Ecological Significance

The paper deals with a new species of megaalgal fossil-Enteromophites intestinalis sp. nov. found in Chenejiang Biota in the early Cambrian. A morphological comparison of the living Enteromorpha and fossil Enteromophites indicates that there probably is a close relationship between these two genera. Based on a study on the surroundings of living Enteromorpha, Enteromophites intestinalis sp. nov. might have lived in the environment of sea or salt water.

Cloud vertical structures associated with precipitation magnitudes over the Tibetan Plateau and its neighboring regions

Cloud vertical structures and precipitation over the Tibetan Plateau （TP） are analyzed and compared with its neighboring land and tropical oceans based on CloudSat/CALIPSO satellite measurements and TRMM precipitation data. Results show that the TP generally has a compression effect on cloud systems, as manifested by a shrinking cloud depth and lowering cloud top. Precipitation is weaker over the TP than its neighboring regions and exhibits large seasonal variations. In summer, cloud ice particles over the TP are mostly located at lower altitude （5-10 km）, with a larger variability of sizes and aggregation （particle number concentration） under no-rain conditions compared to other regions. Ice water content becomes abundant and the number concentration tends to be dense at higher altitudes when precipitation is enhanced. However, even for heavy rainstorms, the aggregation is most likely between 100 and 250 L-1, whereas it can reach as high as 500 L-1 over its neighboring land and tropical oceans. Given the same magnitude of precipitation, the spectrum of ice particle sizes is found to be wider over the TP than other regions.

Seasonal and spatial variations of macro- and megabenthic community characteristics in two sections of the East China Sea

In spring and summer 2011, the macro- and megabenthic fauna in two sections of the East China Sea were investigated using an Agassiz net trawl to detect the seasonal and spatial variations of benthic community characteristics and the relation to environmental variables. The total number of species increased slightly from spring （131 species） to summer （133） whereas the percentage of Mollusca decreased significantly. The index of relative importance （IRI） indicated that the top five important species changed completely from spring to summer. Species number, abundance and biomass in summer were significantly higher than in spring, but no significant difference was observed among areas （coastal, transitional and oceanic areas, divided basically from inshore to offshore）. Species richness （at）, diversity （H） and evenness （J） showed no significant seasonal or spatial variations. Cluster analysis and nMDS ordination identified three benthic communities from inshore to offshore, corresponding to the three areas. Analysis of Similarity （ANOSIM） indicated the overall significant difference in community structure between seasons and among areas. K-dominance curves revealed the high intrinsic diversity in the offshore area. Canonical correspondence analysis showed that the coastal community was positively correlated to total nitrogen and total organic carbon in spring, but negatively in summer; oceanic community was positively correlated to total nitrogen and total organic carbon in both seasons. Species such as Coelorhynchus multispinulosus, Neobythites sivicola, Lepidotrigla alata, Solenocera melantho, Parapenaeus fissuroides, Oratosquilla gonypetes and Spiropagurus spiriger occurred exclusively in the offshore oceanic area and their presence may reflect the influence of the offshore Kuroshio Current.

Macro-micro investigation of granular materials in torsional shear test

A three-dimensional numerical torsion shear test is presented on hollow cylinder specimen which is performed on a spherical assemblage with fixed principal stress axes using the discrete element code PFC3D.Stack wall technique boundary conditions are employed and optimized to reasonably capture the microstructure evolution.Parametric studies are conducted in terms of the ratio κ,normal and shear stiffness of particles,wall stiffness and friction coefficients.Afterwards,in comparison with physical test,numerical results for a fixed principal stress angle(α=45°) are presented.The results show that the numerical test could capture the macro-micro mechanical behavior of the spherical particle assembly.The evolution of the coordination number demonstrates that particles in shear banding undergo remarkable decrease.The effects of localization on specimens illustrate that global stress and strain recorded from a hollow cylinder apparatus could not represent the localized response.The shearing band initiation and evolution from porosity and shear rate are visualized by contour lines in different shear strains.