略论伪满政权的宗教控制手段——以基督教为例

东北沦陷时期,伪满政权对基督教会采取立法制约、监控打击、精神强制、组织改造、适度怀柔等一系列措施,有效地实现了对基督教的控制。伪满政权对基督教会的监控是东北宗教控制工程的组成部分。各宗教的遭遇具有相似性,最终无可避免地走向衰落。从源头上讲,日本对东北基督教的控制手段是日本国内宗教控制模式的移植。

太平洋战争爆发后伪满对基督教会的控制

太平洋战争爆发后,中国东北的新教传教士均遭逮捕,日伪利用日本牧师将西方新教各派整合为满洲基督教会,其他教派也被重新统合。此后日伪官员直接介入宗教活动,并通过培训班、座谈会等形式宣扬日本国策,以强化教会的战争协力意识。日伪组建联合协议会、宗教教化团体联络委员会、教化国民研究会等组织,以确保上情下达;并以这些组织为核心,推行增产、储蓄、识字、捐纳、昂扬斗志等运动,使教会沦为战争协力的工具。日伪对宗教派系进行整合统制并利用其为战争服务,这一模式在战时各沦陷区具有普遍性,同时也是日本国内政教模式的移植。

从行政到法制:1949年以来新疆宗教事务管理模式的嬗变

60多年以来,新疆宗教事务管理模式经历了由政治方式到行政管理最终走向法制的转变过程。文章认为回顾这一发展历程,反思党和政府运用不同模式处理宗教问题的利弊、总结经验和教训、改革管理体制、转变执法理念、依法加强宗教事务管理,才是实现宗教和谐和新疆长治久安的有力保障。

Ways of Destructive Cults to Steal Religious Affections

Religious affection is a kind of emotional experience that religious believers have to the gods after they have participated in religious activities and experienced religious rituals. Religious experience is what connects individuals and the gods. It can lead people to believe in religion and strengthen people＇s religious beliefs and is the basis of the establishment, dissemination and consolidation of religions. This article reveals that extreme cults create illusions for believers by conducting information and time control, making them exhausted physically and mentally and using ＂social hypnosis＂ and that they have stolen traditional religious affection and religious experience for their own usage by inducing believers religious affection through self-praise, intimidation and deception and wide insinuation.