金朝六部分司和郎官架构考论

金朝六部延续了隋唐以来的分司架构,但与中原王朝不同,金朝以主事直接负责六部分司,并在分司下设诸科作为具体办事机构。除了常规的分司之外,金朝六部还有“六部所辖分司”,向兼掌政务、事务的方向发展。金朝六部延续了唐朝的四等官和勾检制度,以六部郎官为各部判官,以主事为各部勾检官。金朝六部分司和郎官架构虽然继承唐宋制度,但并非照搬,而是依据统治实际,因事制宜、因时制宜地进行设置,表现出鲜明的实用性色彩。

Transcriptome of intraperitoneal organs of starry flounder Platichthys stellatus challenged by Edwardsiella ictaluri JCM1680

Platichthys stellatus is an economically important marine bony fish species that is cultured in China on a large scale.However,very little is known about its immune-related genes.In this study,the transcriptome of the immune organs ofP.stellatus that were intraperitoneally challenged with the pathogen Edwardsiella ictaluri JCM1680 is analyzed.Total RNA from four tissues(spleen,kidney,liver,and intestine) was mixed equally and then sequenced on an Illumina HiSeq 2000 platform.Overall,28 465 813 quality reads were generated and assembled into 43 061 unigenes.Similarity searches against public protein sequence databases were used to annotate 28 291 unigenes(65.7%of the total),368 of which were associated with immunoregulation,including 188 related to immunity response.Additionally,the transcript levels of immunity response unigenes annotated as related to tumor necrosis factor(TNF),TNF receptor,chemokine,major histocompatibility complex,and interleukin-6 were investigated in the different tissues of normal and infected P.stellatus by real-time quantitative PCR.The results confirmed that the unigenes identified in the transcriptome database were indeed expressed and up-regulated in infected P.stellatus.To our knowledge,this is the first report of the sequencing and analysis of the transcriptome of P.stellatus.These findings provide insights into the transcriptomics and immunogenetics of bony fish.

A Web-Based Integrated Intelligent System for Sensory Fabric Hand Evaluation

This paper presents a web-based integrated system for on-line sensory fabric hand evaluation. The methods of fuzzy techniques, neural networks, classical factorial analysis and other data analysis are used in the system to analyze the objective and subjective data, and to build the relationship between them. Given the objective data of a new fabric sample, the system can provide its sensory hand data and its total hand grade. In meantime, the total hand grade can be obtained directly from the sensory fabric hand data if provided. The sensory evaluation system is developed in Internet environment using Java language and SQL server database management system.

Determinants of Joint Venture Performance in Cambodia

This study reviews important variables related to joint venture performance and identifies the key determinants of joint venture performance in Cambodia. A model of joint venture performance in Cambodia is proposed and tested. Finally guidelines for successful joint venture performance in Cambodia are proposed. Based on a study of 62 firms and interviews with 19 joint venture mangers and government officers, it was found that the most important factors driving the formation of a joint venture included access to an emerging new market, utilization of abundant and cheap labor, and existence of government incentives. The most serious obstacles to joint venture performance in Cambodia were corruption, lack of physical infrastructure, bureaucracy, and competition from a black market and smuggling. For the results indicate there are significant correlations between performance and trust, control, commitment, and ownership. Suggested guidelines to improve joint venture performance in Cambodia are proposed.

Popular Catholicism Based on Sensory Engagement and Corporeal Perception

Pat Mora＇s House of Houses is a collection of memories about a Southwestern Mexican immigrant family. She develops multilayered meanings of the house in terms of psychological, spiritual, and sensory influences on both her private and communal life. She deploys sensory signiflers to portray religious and spiritual memories in a picturesque or performative way. The book reveals that the primacy of the senses as a perceptual device transforms the habitual religious rituals of popular Catholicism into the unconscious. This book shows how sensory perception is engaged in appropriating mystical space/time and interiorizing spiritual objects of family life. Thus, the paper investigates how the sensory agencies contribute to exploring culturally plural ways of experiencing the divine. It also illustrates how Mora＇s deployment of corporeality is related to her reassessment of femaleness and understanding of a meaning of the divine, which is distinctively embodied through 1o cotidiano. In effect, it focuses on Mora＇s treatment of the sensible body in connection with spiritual and religious connotations.

When Two Sisters Jointly.Ruled an Empire

This study will examine the ascent of two women as emperors of the Eastern Roman Empire within the context of constructivism and feminist international relations theory. Constructivism emphasizes ideas, such as the content of language and social discourse, over institutions or power. Feminism critiques international relations as a male-centered and dominated discipline. This paper addresses important issues. The first issue is a better understanding of the ascent of two women as Chief Executives of a patriarchal system. The second issue is to increase understanding of how gender is constructed and functions in social, cultural, historical, and institutional contexts, particularly as they intersect with political leadership roles. The thesis of this study is that class, political ambition, and political adroitness are more important than gender and social construction in determining the rise of women to high political office. The work implies that women at the higher end of the social stratum have a significant advantage over men and women at the lower end of the social stratum.

明代吏员的迁转

明代吏员是国家机构中的重要组成部分,人数远超官员。在各衙门中,官主行政,吏主事务,官和吏都是国家机构运作不可或缺的因素。但传统上,学界对官制的研究颇为用力,成果也较丰富,而于吏制的考察则显得较为薄弱。其中关于吏员的迁转,因明代史籍对吏员迁转的具体过程记载较为凌乱,因此在研究上有一定难度,前人成果也寥寥无几,且多有可再探讨处。~①为此,本文对吏员役内迁转的各个方面都作了详尽的考察,尽可能将这一过程梳理清楚。

David Lloyd George and the Balfour Declaration： Assessing the Role of Individuals in Historic Policy Making

The 1917 Balfour Declaration remains one of the most controversial policy statements of the wartime British Government. Historically it has been praised as the highest diplomatic act of the First World War that helped restore a home for the Jewish people in Palestine. Its critics point out that it planted seeds of future discord between the Palestinians and Israelis. There are also historians who suggest that what Britain really wanted was to secure vital geostrategic interests in the Eastern Mediterranean. The reality is that the process and decision making leading up to the Balfour Declaration was very complicated. This paper will focus on the role and influence of Britain＇s Prime Minister David Lloyd George whose leadership and personal drive made a difference in securing the Anglo-Zionist Alliance. By looking at the theories on the role of individuals on policy making and testing them on the case of Lloyd George, it will be demonstrated that, in spite of certain arguments to the contrary, leaders with right strength of personality, determination, strong beliefs, interest in foreign policy, and the right placement in the state bureaucracy can make a huge impact. These elements, combined with shifting attitude of British policymakers toward the imperial burdens during the early twentieth century, and rising influence of national movements enabled Britain to not only secure a vital strategic outpost in Palestine, but also restore therein a homeland for the Jews.

Highly efficient green organic light-emitting devices based on terbium complex by employing hole block material as host

In this work,efficient green electroluminescent（EL）devices with simplified device structure were prepared by doping trivalent terbium complex Tb（PMIP）3into hole block material Tm Py PB.The high triplet energy of Tm Py PB helps to confine excitons within light-emitting layer,while the electron transport characteristic of Tm Py PB facilitates the balance of carriers on Tb（PMIP）a3molecules.By optimizing the doping concentration of Tb（PMIP）a3and the thickness of each functional layer,highly efficient green EL device with the structure of ITO/Mo Oa3（3 nm）/TAPC（50 nm）/Tb（PMIP）a3（30 wt%）：Tm Py PB（25 nm）/Tm Py PB（60 nm）/Li F（1 nm）/Al（100 nm）displayed pure Tb^3＋ characteristic emission with maximum current efficiency,power efficiency and brightness up to 47.24 cd/A（external quantum efficiency（EQE）of 14.4%）,43.63 lm/W and 1694 cd/m^2,respectively.At certain brightness of 100 cd/m^2,the device still maintained a current efficiency of 19.96 cd/A（EQE=6.1%）.Such a device design strategy helps to improve the EL performances of Tb（PMIP）a3and to simplify device fabrication processes,thus reduce the fabrication cost.

Manipulating active layer morphology of molecular donor/polymer acceptor based organic solar cells through ternary blends

The development of molecular donor/polymer acceptor blend(MD/PA)-type organic solar cells(OSCs) lags far behind other type OSCs. It is due to the large-size phase separation morphology of MD/PAblend, which results from the high crystallinity of molecular donors. In this article, to suppress the crystallinity of molecular donors, we use ternary blends to develop OSCs based on one polymer acceptor(P-BNBP-f BT) and two molecular donors(DR3 TBDTT and BTR) with similar chemical structures.The ternary OSC exhibits a power conversion efficiency(PCE) of 4.85%, which is higher than those of the binary OSCs(PCE=3.60% or 3.86%). To our best knowledge, it is the first report of ternary MD/PA-type OSCs and this PCE is among the highest for MD/PA-type OSCs reported so far. Compared with the binary blends, the ternary blend exhibits decreased crystalline size and improved face-on orientation of the donors. As a result, the ternary blend exhibits improved and balanced charge mobilities, suppressed charge recombination and increased donor/acceptor interfacial areas, which leads to the higher shortcircuit current density. These results suggest that using ternary blend is an effective strategy to manipulate active layer morphology and enhance photovoltaic performance of MD/PA-type OSCs.