Since Murakami defined early gastric cancer(EGC) as a "carcinoma limited to the gastric mucosa and/or submucosa regardless of the lymph node status", several authors have focused on the most influential hist...Since Murakami defined early gastric cancer(EGC) as a "carcinoma limited to the gastric mucosa and/or submucosa regardless of the lymph node status", several authors have focused on the most influential histopathological parameters for predicting the development of lymph node metastases by considering the lymph node status as an important prognostic factor. A few authors have also considered the depth of invasion as one of the keys to explaining the existence of subgroups of patients affected by EGC with poor prognoses. In any case, EGC is still considered an initial phase of tumor progression with good prognosis. The introduction of modern endoscopic devices has allowed a precise diagnosis of early lesions, which can lead to improved definitions of tumors that can be radically treated with endoscopic mucosal resection or endoscopic submucosal dissection(ESD). Given the widespread use of these techniques, the Japanese Gastric Cancer Association( JGCA) identified in 2011 the standard criteria that should exclude the presence of lymph node metastases. At that time, EGCs with nodal involvement should have been asserted as no longer fitting the definition of an early tumor. Some authors have also demonstrated that the morphological growth pattern of a tumor, according to Kodama's classification, is one of the most important prognostic factors, thereby suggesting the need to report it in histopathological drafts. Notwithstanding the acquired knowledge regarding the clinical behavior of EGC, Murakami's definition is still being used. This definition needs to be upgraded according to the modern staging of the disease so that the appropriate treatment would be selected.展开更多
This paper presents an algorithmic proposal of a movements＇ planner for a robotic manipulator. Its application is the planning of trajectories from wooden cuttings in a band saw. This algorithm is based on heuristics...This paper presents an algorithmic proposal of a movements＇ planner for a robotic manipulator. Its application is the planning of trajectories from wooden cuttings in a band saw. This algorithm is based on heuristics. A simulator was developed in order to allow the user to define the table＇s shape and figure that you want to trim. The simulator was developed in Java from Sun Microsystems, and next it will be applied in TM Cyberbotics Webots.展开更多
Objective:The aim of this study was to investigate the expression of ABCG2 in human gastric carcinoma and its clinical significance.Methods:Expression of ABCG2 was examined with immunohistochemical technique in the sp...Objective:The aim of this study was to investigate the expression of ABCG2 in human gastric carcinoma and its clinical significance.Methods:Expression of ABCG2 was examined with immunohistochemical technique in the specimens from 45 gastric carcinoma tissues and 30 surrounding normal tissues.The mRNA expression of ABCG2 was measured by RT-PCR and real-time quantitative PCR in 30 cases of gastric carcinoma and normal gastric mucosa, respectively.Results:ABCG2 expression was observed in 28 of 45(62.2%) cases by immunohistochemical analysis.In ABCG2-positive tumors, adjacent non-neoplastic tissue was similarly analyzed, revealed that ABCG2 was up-regulated in gastric carcinoma.ABCG2 expression in poorly differentiated/undifferentiated carcinoma was significantly higher than that in well/moderately-differentiated carcinoma(P < 0.05).The mRNA expression of ABCG2 was significantly higher than that in normal gastric mucosa(P < 0.05).Conclusion:ABCG2 plays an important role in the multi-drug resistance of gastric carcinoma.ABCG2 might be an important factor in the research of gastric cancer stem cell.展开更多
This paper considers a new form of the Steiner tree problem that is more practical and reliable,which we call Reliable Steiner Tree(RST)problem.The authors give a detailed definition for this new problem and design bo...This paper considers a new form of the Steiner tree problem that is more practical and reliable,which we call Reliable Steiner Tree(RST)problem.The authors give a detailed definition for this new problem and design both an exact algorithm and an approximation algorithm for it.The definition is based on the reliability of full components instead of Steiner vertices.The task is thus to find the most reliable full components to make up an optimum reliable Steiner tree.The exact algorithm designed for this problem utilizes a dynamic programming frame.The approximation algorithm designed in this paper exploits a local search strategy that looks for the best full component according to a selection function at a time.展开更多
Destructive injury is defined as a very serious damage both to the bone and the soft tissues. But in clinical practice we found that in some fracture cases, the damage to soft tissues is not as severe as ＂destructive...Destructive injury is defined as a very serious damage both to the bone and the soft tissues. But in clinical practice we found that in some fracture cases, the damage to soft tissues is not as severe as ＂destructive injury＂ indicates, whereas comminuted fractures still cannot show the severity of bone damage. Therefore we proposed a new term ＂destructive fractures＂ after combining the definition of destructive injury with typical clinic cases. Destructive fractures refer to the fractures whose osseous tissues are damaged too seriously to be repaired, but soft tissues, nerves and veins are less severely injured and can be repaired. From the year 2001 to 2010, 75 cases of destructive fractures were admitted in our department. According to whether the fractures interlinked with the external environment, together with the fracture sites, they were divided into 6 types： al type, closed diaphysis destructive fracture; a2 type, open diaphysis destructive fracture; b1 type, closed joint-involved destructive fracture; b2 type,open joint-involved destructive fracture; cl type, closed mixed destructive fracture; c2 type, open mixed destructive fracture. Corresponding clinical treatments were conducted for each type.The new classification criterion of destructivefracture is simple and practical and thus can be used as an important guide to make reasonable treatment plans for destructive fractures.展开更多
In this paper, we study peakon, cuspon, smooth soliton and periodic cusp wave of the generalized Schr6dinger-Boussinesq equations. Based on the method of dynamical systems, the generalized Schr6dinger-Boussinesq equat...In this paper, we study peakon, cuspon, smooth soliton and periodic cusp wave of the generalized Schr6dinger-Boussinesq equations. Based on the method of dynamical systems, the generalized Schr6dinger-Boussinesq equations are shown to have new the parametric representations of peakon, cuspon, smooth solRon and periodic cusp wave solutions. Under different parametric conditions, various sufficient conditions to guarantee the existence of the above solutions are g/van.展开更多
文摘Since Murakami defined early gastric cancer(EGC) as a "carcinoma limited to the gastric mucosa and/or submucosa regardless of the lymph node status", several authors have focused on the most influential histopathological parameters for predicting the development of lymph node metastases by considering the lymph node status as an important prognostic factor. A few authors have also considered the depth of invasion as one of the keys to explaining the existence of subgroups of patients affected by EGC with poor prognoses. In any case, EGC is still considered an initial phase of tumor progression with good prognosis. The introduction of modern endoscopic devices has allowed a precise diagnosis of early lesions, which can lead to improved definitions of tumors that can be radically treated with endoscopic mucosal resection or endoscopic submucosal dissection(ESD). Given the widespread use of these techniques, the Japanese Gastric Cancer Association( JGCA) identified in 2011 the standard criteria that should exclude the presence of lymph node metastases. At that time, EGCs with nodal involvement should have been asserted as no longer fitting the definition of an early tumor. Some authors have also demonstrated that the morphological growth pattern of a tumor, according to Kodama's classification, is one of the most important prognostic factors, thereby suggesting the need to report it in histopathological drafts. Notwithstanding the acquired knowledge regarding the clinical behavior of EGC, Murakami's definition is still being used. This definition needs to be upgraded according to the modern staging of the disease so that the appropriate treatment would be selected.
文摘This paper presents an algorithmic proposal of a movements＇ planner for a robotic manipulator. Its application is the planning of trajectories from wooden cuttings in a band saw. This algorithm is based on heuristics. A simulator was developed in order to allow the user to define the table＇s shape and figure that you want to trim. The simulator was developed in Java from Sun Microsystems, and next it will be applied in TM Cyberbotics Webots.
基金Supported by a grant of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 30570522)
文摘Objective:The aim of this study was to investigate the expression of ABCG2 in human gastric carcinoma and its clinical significance.Methods:Expression of ABCG2 was examined with immunohistochemical technique in the specimens from 45 gastric carcinoma tissues and 30 surrounding normal tissues.The mRNA expression of ABCG2 was measured by RT-PCR and real-time quantitative PCR in 30 cases of gastric carcinoma and normal gastric mucosa, respectively.Results:ABCG2 expression was observed in 28 of 45(62.2%) cases by immunohistochemical analysis.In ABCG2-positive tumors, adjacent non-neoplastic tissue was similarly analyzed, revealed that ABCG2 was up-regulated in gastric carcinoma.ABCG2 expression in poorly differentiated/undifferentiated carcinoma was significantly higher than that in well/moderately-differentiated carcinoma(P < 0.05).The mRNA expression of ABCG2 was significantly higher than that in normal gastric mucosa(P < 0.05).Conclusion:ABCG2 plays an important role in the multi-drug resistance of gastric carcinoma.ABCG2 might be an important factor in the research of gastric cancer stem cell.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant Nos.71171189,71271204,11101420Knowledge Innovation Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences under Grant No.KGCX2-RW-329
文摘This paper considers a new form of the Steiner tree problem that is more practical and reliable,which we call Reliable Steiner Tree(RST)problem.The authors give a detailed definition for this new problem and design both an exact algorithm and an approximation algorithm for it.The definition is based on the reliability of full components instead of Steiner vertices.The task is thus to find the most reliable full components to make up an optimum reliable Steiner tree.The exact algorithm designed for this problem utilizes a dynamic programming frame.The approximation algorithm designed in this paper exploits a local search strategy that looks for the best full component according to a selection function at a time.
文摘Destructive injury is defined as a very serious damage both to the bone and the soft tissues. But in clinical practice we found that in some fracture cases, the damage to soft tissues is not as severe as ＂destructive injury＂ indicates, whereas comminuted fractures still cannot show the severity of bone damage. Therefore we proposed a new term ＂destructive fractures＂ after combining the definition of destructive injury with typical clinic cases. Destructive fractures refer to the fractures whose osseous tissues are damaged too seriously to be repaired, but soft tissues, nerves and veins are less severely injured and can be repaired. From the year 2001 to 2010, 75 cases of destructive fractures were admitted in our department. According to whether the fractures interlinked with the external environment, together with the fracture sites, they were divided into 6 types： al type, closed diaphysis destructive fracture; a2 type, open diaphysis destructive fracture; b1 type, closed joint-involved destructive fracture; b2 type,open joint-involved destructive fracture; cl type, closed mixed destructive fracture; c2 type, open mixed destructive fracture. Corresponding clinical treatments were conducted for each type.The new classification criterion of destructivefracture is simple and practical and thus can be used as an important guide to make reasonable treatment plans for destructive fractures.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant Nos.11361017,11161013Natural Science Foundation of Guangxi under Grant Nos.2012GXNSFAA053003,2013GXNSFAA019010Program for Innovative Research Team of Guilin University of Electronic Technology
文摘In this paper, we study peakon, cuspon, smooth soliton and periodic cusp wave of the generalized Schr6dinger-Boussinesq equations. Based on the method of dynamical systems, the generalized Schr6dinger-Boussinesq equations are shown to have new the parametric representations of peakon, cuspon, smooth solRon and periodic cusp wave solutions. Under different parametric conditions, various sufficient conditions to guarantee the existence of the above solutions are g/van.
