激光金属成形定向凝固显微组织及成分偏析研究

利用高温合金Rene95粉末在镍基高温合金基材上进行激光多层涂覆,研究熔覆层中凝固显微组织的生长特性,基于对柱状晶向等轴晶转化理论的分析,证实通过控制工艺参数组合,可获得具有良好取向的单道多层、多道搭接多层定向凝固涂层和圆环的定向凝固试样,涂层内部的定向凝固柱状枝晶组织细密,枝晶一次间距为5-30μm,二次臂很小或者完全退化,涂层内无明显的成分偏析现象。

果园定向仿形弥雾机的设计

针对传统的轴流式果园弥雾机在果园作业时,喷药量分布不均匀、药液浪费严重的现象,研制了一种履带自走式果园弥雾机。该机以小型汽油机为动力源,利用带轮将动力传递给液泵和离心风机,离心风机吹出的气流通过多口分配器、褶皱管、鸭嘴出风口吹出,对雾滴进行二次雾化,增加了雾滴对冠层的穿透性和药液分布均匀性。同时,该机通过多自由度调节装置可适应不同果树、果树不同生长期、不同树形,以及不同冠层厚度等情形,可定向仿形,减少了药液浪费。

奇数维紧致定向微分流形的某些对称特征

给出奇维数紧致定向微分流形关于三角剖分、非退化光滑函数临界点及向量场奇点等对称特征。

定向微分流形上Stiefel-Whitney示性类的积分公式

命M是一个定向微分流形,T(M)是它的切丛,E是T(M)的一个子矢丛。我们将指出:矢丛E的Euler示性式扮演了流形M的Stiefel-Whitney示性式的角色,不过这个示性式积分时必须mod.2计算。我们同时指出:丛E的Euler示性式的积分公式正好是J.Eells的广义Gauss-Bonnet公式。

高速公路互通式立体交叉形式的取用

探讨关于在高速公路上几种常见的互通立交形式的优缺点及其适用范围

智能天线基带幅度加权波束赋形及其CDMA应用性能分析

一般的智能天线(SA)波束赋形都是基于移相器的载波移相波束赋形方案,其问题是工程难度大、没有充分利用基带信号处理技术。通过对SA波束赋形基本原理的研究,给出了QPSK基带信号波束赋形的数学表达式,提出了QPSK基带信号幅度加权波束赋形(BAWB)的概念,并给出了相应的电路实现框图。基于该QPSK基带幅度加权波束赋形原理,研究了CDMA系统中不同码道(用户)组合情况下QPSK调制信号对SA定向波束赋形的影响。研究发现:当采用多码道发送时,不同方向的主瓣、强的旁瓣会相互影响,影响了CDMA系统的波束空间分辨率,特别是当两个用户比较靠近或发送数据极性快速变化时,其相互干扰有所加强。于此同时,研究也表明了CDMA系统中多用户干扰(MAI)与系统性能之间的辩证关系,一方面多用户干扰使系统容量下降;而另一方面,MAI又是维持系统稳定工作的必要条件。

液态金属电磁约束成形技术研究进展

电磁约束成形是一种无容器金属材料处理加工技术,它具有无器壁污染、短流程等优点。分析了液态金属电磁约束成形技术的原理、特点及其发展现状。指出电磁约束成形定向凝固技术集金属材料的加热熔化、无接触约束成形及组织定向凝固于一体,特别适合于高熔点、易氧化、高活性的特种合金坯件的无污染制备。

特种合金感应熔炼电磁约束成形技术若干进展

感应熔炼电磁约束成形是一种无容器金属材料处理加工技术,具有无器壁污染、短流程等优点。评述了几种感应熔炼电磁约束成形技术的原理和特点,并对其存在问题及发展趋势进行了讨论。指出电磁约束成形定向凝固技术集金属材料的加热熔化、无接触约束成形及组织定向凝固于一体,特别适合于高熔点、易氧化、高活性的特种合金坯件的无污染制备。

激光加热下铜的再结晶织构及其机制探讨

冷变形金属再结晶织构受加热速度的影响很大、利用激光超快速加热方法对冷轧纯铜进行再结晶处理其织构转变动力学过程与普通加热时不同，并受冷轧量的影响对于冷轧70％样品，完全再结晶时的织构非常漫散；而冷轧83％样品的完全再结晶织构由冷轧组分与立方组分组成、伴随着再结晶晶粒长大，两种样品中立方织构增强引用Gibbs-Thomson关系式，讨论了立方织构的形成机制．

IF 钢退火过程中织构变化的模拟研究

应用ＭｏｎｔｅＣａｒｌｏ方法模拟了ＩＦ钢退火过程中织构的变化情况．对已有的模拟方法进行了改进，引进了和取向差有关的形核和生长的概率Ｐｉｊ．模拟结果表明，低碳ＩＦ钢退火过程中织构变化遵循定向形核选择长大的机制．

ULC-BH钢连续退火过程织构的演变规律研究

利用X射线衍射研究了340 MPa级超低碳烘烤硬化钢(ULC-BH钢)连续退火三个阶段的织构演变规律。结果表明:再结晶初期,定向形核和选择生长的共同作用使得{111}织构增强,定向形核作用占据主体地位;再结晶后期,选择长大是{111}织构发展的主要方式。其中,{111}<110>织构在再结晶初期的定向形核作用下大幅度增加,而{111}<112>织构则是在再结晶后期选择长大的过程中涨幅较大;再结晶结束后适当升高温度有助于{111}织构的发展,过高升温则会引起相反的效果。

Effect of carbon addition on carbide morphology of single crystal Ni-based superalloy

Single crystal superalloys of AM3 with different carbon levels were prepared at withdraw rate of 50μm/s. The effect of carbon addition on the carbide morphology was investigated. It was found that there were four types of MC-type carbides, acicular, nodular, blocky, and Chinese script-type in the crystals. With an increase in carbon level, the volume fraction of carbide increased significantly while the volume fraction of eutectic decreased significantly. Furthermore, the size of carbide in high level carbon alloy became much larger.

Effect of travelling magnetic field on interface morphology in directionally solidified Sn-Cd alloy

The diversity of interface morphologies is observed for directionally solidified Sn-0.65%Cd alloy under a travelling magnetic field （TMF） in the 4 mm-diameter sample. Under an upward TMF, planar and cellular interface morphologies transform alternately with increasing magnetic flux density （B≤10.3 mT）. The interface morphology transforms from shallow cellular to deep cellular morphology under a weak downward TMF （B=3.2 mT）. When the magnetic flux density increases further, both sides of the interface morphology appear to be slightly inconsistent, but they roughly tend to be planar under a strong downward TMF （BS10.3 mT）. The interface instability may be attributed to the flow driven by the TMF. Moreover, the shape of interface appears to be almost flat under an upward TMF, but deflective under a downward TMF.

铁路隧道深竖井井筒防治水设计及施工技术

高黎贡山隧道2号竖井所在区域工程地质及水文地质条件异常复杂,施工中需穿越10条挤压破碎带及14条构造破碎带,井检孔揭露竖井开挖范围内分布有7层含水层。为保障井筒安全掘砌,采用煤矿井筒建设使用的地面预注浆技术治理水患。设计“S”形定向深孔注浆孔,注浆治理段高340 m,注浆材料选用堵水性能好的黏土水泥浆。注浆结束后,压水试验预测主、副井筒剩余涌水量较注浆前分别下降99.8%和99.7%,堵水质量优异。

松辽盆地基岩水平风险探井钻井优化设计与应用

为了保证松辽盆地首口基岩水平风险探井安全钻进、缩短施工周期,开展了井眼轨道、井身结构、钻井提速、复杂事故预防等优化设计,建立了不同开次套管抗内压强度计算方法,确定了有针对性的技术措施。通过地震剖面连线,确定了地质靶点,根据邻井实钻统计,12in井眼设计采用1.5°螺杆,造斜率控制在(5°~7°)/30 m,设计了井眼轨道。基于气体与流体压缩系数的不同,研究了不同开次套管抗内压强度,发现生产套管井底是抗内压薄弱点,而其它开次套管抗内压薄弱点则是井口处。在井震结合的地质预测基础上,采用复合钻头、强化钻井参数等措施,比邻井钻速提高13.38%,采用复合堵漏技术,配套施工工艺,累计减少钻井液漏失247 m^3。通过上述技术的研究与应用,隆平1井钻井周期同比隆探2井缩短21.16 d,从而为松辽盆地基岩风化壳勘探开发提供了技术支撑,为以后同类井的实施提供了依据。

Interfacial morphology evolution in directionally solidified Al-1.5%Cu alloy

The solid-liquid interracial morphology evolution was investigated in directional solidification （DS） of Al-1.5%Cu alloy （mass fraction）. The results show that the solidified microstructural evolution is gradual other than sharp, and the microstructure patterns are interesting and diversiform at the pulling rate ranging from 30 μm/s to 1500 μm/s. Indeed, dendrite to cell transition follows this sequence： dendrites→→banded cellular dendrites→elongated cells and part of dendrites→main elongated cells and little dendrites. Moreover, the present microstructure is not normal microstructure as we saw before. Further, according to the experimental phenomenon, the dendrite to cell transition was studied theoretically. Dendrite tip shape is an important parameter to characterize the dendrite to cell transition. As the dendrite to cell transition is far from equilibrium solidification, non-equilibrium solidification is taken into consideration in calculation. Finally, it is speculated that the dendrite to cell transition would occur at the minimum tip radius.

地面预注浆技术在杨柳煤矿井筒施工中的应用

介绍了杨柳煤矿主、副、风3个井筒地面预注浆施工情况。3个井筒注浆堵水率均达到97%以上,取得了理想的效果。

Simulation and experimental validation of three-dimensional dendrite growth

A three-dimensional （3-D） modified cellular automaton （MCA） method was developed for simulating the dendrite morphology of cubic system alloys. Two-dimensional （2-D） equations of growth velocities of the dendrite tip, interface curvature and anisotropy of the surface energy were extended to 3-D system in the model. Therefore, the model was able to describe the morphology evolution of 3-D dendrites. Then, the model was applied to simulate the mechanism of spacing adjustment for 3-D columnar dendrite growth, and the competitive growth of columnar dendrites with different preferred growth orientations under constant temperature gradient and pulling velocity. Directional solidification experiments of NH4Cl-H2O transparent alloy were performed. It was found that the simulated results compared well with the experimental results. Therefore, the model was reliable for simulating the 3-D dendrite growth of cubic system alloys.

Laser Multi-layer Cladding Experiment on the DD3 Single Crystal Using FGH95 Powder:Investigation on the Microstructure of Single Crystal Cladding Layer

Laser multi\|layer cladding experiments were performed on the substrate of DD3 single crystal with FGH95 powder as cladding material.The solidification microstructure in the sample was investigated.It was found that the solidification microstructure was greatly influenced by the crystallography orientation of the substrate and the local solidification conditions.When the angle between the preferred orientation of the single crystal and the direction of heat flow in the cladding layer is less than 30°,single crystal cladding layers were acquired.Otherwise the crystallography orientation of the cladding layer will deviate from the orientation of the substrate and the microstructure with polycrystalline appears.Meanwhile,even when the experiments were performed on the same preferred crystal surface,the solidification microstructures will be different distinctly resulting from the variation of the local solidification conditions.The secondary arms were degenerated and the primary arm spacing was about 10\|20μm.Further investigation shows that the phases of the cladding layer are mainly made up ofγ,γ′,the flower\|likeγ/γ′eutectic and carbide.The morphology ofγ′was cubical and the size is less than 0.1μm.

Macrosegregation and thermosolutal convection-related freckle formation in directionally solidified Sn−Ni peritectic alloy in crucibles with different diameters

Different from other alloys,the observation in this work on the dendritic mushy zone shows that the freckles are formed in two different regions before and after peritectic reaction in directional solidification of Sn−Ni peritectic alloys.In addition,the experimental results demonstrate that the dendritic morphology is influenced by the temperature gradient zone melting and Gibbs−Thomson effects.A new Rayleigh number(Ra_(P))is proposed in consideration of both effects and peritectic reaction.The prediction of Ra_(P) confirms the freckle formation in two regions during peritectic solidification.Besides,heavier thermosolutal convection in samples with larger diameter is also demonstrated.