论领土主权的定局性——中国钓鱼岛群岛主权之国际法再思辨

领土主权,在满足国际法的程序与实体要件的前提下形成。领土主权分为原始主权和继受主权,没有原始主权的终结即无从产生继受主权。早期国际法承认"发现"即产生完整的领土主权,而现代国际法则要求新领土主权的产生必须满足"发现—占领"原则。中国依据上述原则取得钓鱼岛群岛的领土主权且具有定局性。通过对中国钓鱼岛群岛领土主权的定局性进行探讨,有利于理解与维护中国相关争议区域的领土主权,并对维护中国的领土主权和国家利益具有极其重要的现实意义。

Stability of second order Hopfield neural networks with time delays

Dynamical behaviors of a class of second order Hopfield neural networks with time delays is investigated.The existence of a unique equilibrium point is proved by using Brouwer's fixed point theorem and the counter proof method,and some sufficient conditions for the global asymptotic stability of the equilibrium point are obtained through the combination of a suitable Lyapunov function and an algebraic inequality technique.

Global stability coefficient of large underground caverns under static loading and earthquake wave condition

Underground energy and resource development,deep underground energy storage and other projects involve the global stability of multiple interconnected cavern groups under internal and external dynamic disturbances.An evaluation method of the global stability coefficient of underground caverns based on static overload and dynamic overload was proposed.Firstly,the global failure criterion for caverns was defined based on its band connection of plastic-strain between multi-caverns.Then,overloading calculation of the boundary geostress and seismic intensity on the caverns model was carried out,and the critical unstable state of multi-caverns can be identified,if the plastic-strain band appeared between caverns during these overloading processes.Thus,the global stability coefficient for the multi-caverns under static loading and earthquake was obtained based on the corresponding overloading coefficient.Practical analysis for the Yingliangbao(YLB)hydraulic caverns indicated that this method can not only effectively obtain the global stability coefficient of caverns under static and dynamic earthquake conditions,but also identify the caverns’high-risk zone of local instability through localized plastic strain of surrounding rock.This study can provide some reference for the layout design and seismic optimization of underground cavern group.

Periodic Solution and Global Stability of a Kind of Nonlinear Differential Equation

In this paper, it is discussed the model of a kind of nonlinear differential, equation d s d t=1-s-x 1s 0δQ 2(m 1s 0sk 1+s 0s-k) d x 1 d t=x 1Q(m 1s 0sk 1+s 0s-k)-x 1-x 2m 2x 1/Qk 2+x 1/Q d x 2 d t=x 2Q m 2x 1/Qk 2+x 1/Q-x 2.It is proved that the system is exist at least one stable periodic solution on under the following condition:m 2x * 2(k 1δ+s 0δ-Qλ 2-x * 2) 2】m 1δk 1(k 2+Q 2λ 2) 2.Furthermore, ifm 2x * 2(k 1δ+s 0δ-Qλ 2-x * 2) 2【m 1δk 1(k 2-Q 2λ 2) 2mold true them equilibrium point (s *,x * 1,x * 2)∈ set Ω is global asymptotic stable.

Exponential stability and existence of periodic solutions for a class of recurrent neural networks with delays

Both the global exponential stability and the existence of periodic solutions for a class of recurrent neural networks with continuously distributed delays （RNNs） are studied. By employing the inequality α∏k=1^m bk^qk≤1/r ∑qkbk^r＋1/rα^r（α≥0,bk≥0,qk〉0,with ∑k=1^m qk=r-1,r≥1, constructing suitable Lyapunov r k=l k=l functions and applying the homeomorphism theory, a family of simple and new sufficient conditions are given ensuring the global exponential stability and the existence of periodic solutions of RNNs. The results extend and improve the results of earlier publications.

Notes on well-posedness for the b-family equation

The local well-posedness for the b-family equation in the critical space is studied.Applying the Littlewood-Paley decomposition method in the critical Besov spaces Bs2r with the index s=3/2 which is the generalization space of the Sobolev spaces Hs it is established that there is a maximal time T=Tu0＆gt;0 such that for the b-family equation there exists a unique solution utx∈C0TB3/221∩C10TB121 when the initial variable u0x ∈B3/221 is the critical regularity. Moreover the solution uxt depends continuously on the initial data u0x .Furthermore using the abstract Cauchy-Kowalevski theorem to prove the analytic regularity of the solutions for the b-family equation in a suitable scale of Banach spaces E it is shown that the solutions of the b-family are analytic in both variables globally in space and locally in time when the initial data is analytic.

Asymptotic Stability in the Large of Zero Solution of Second Order Nonlinear Differential Equation

There are many works on the asymptotic stability of second dimensional nonlinear differential equation. In particular, these results only concern with the system which includes one or two terms, whereas few works concern with system which includes more than two terms. In this paper, system which includes four nonlinear terms are studies. We obtain the global asymptotic stability of zero solution, and discard the condition which require the Liapunov function trends to infinity, and only require that the positive orbit is bounded.

Global stabilization for a class of nonlinear time-delay systems using linear output feedback

The stabilization problem via the linear output feedback controller is addressed for a class of nonlinear systems subject to time-delay.The uncertainty of the system satisfies the lower-triangular growth condition and it is affected by time-delay. A linear output feedback controller with a tunable scaling gain is constructed.By selecting an appropriate Lyapunov-Krasovskii functional the scaling gain can be adjusted to render the closed-loop system globally asymptotically stable.The results can also be extended to the non-triangular nonlinear time-delay systems. The proposed control law together with the observer is linear and memoryless in nature and therefore it is easy to implement in practice. Two computer simulations are conducted to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed theoretical results.

Determination of pollution point source in parabolic system model

This paper considers an inverse problem for a partial differential equation to identify a pollution point source in a watershed. The mathematical model of the problem is a weakly coupled system of two linear parabolic equations for the concentrations u（x, t） and v（x, t） with an unknown point source F（x, t） = A（ t）δ（x- s） related to the concentration u（x, t）, where s is the point source location and A（t） is the amplitude of the pollution point source. Assuming that source F becomes inactive after time T＊, it is proved that it can be uniquely determined by the indirect measurements { v（0, t）, v（ a, t）, v（ b, t）, v（ l, t）, 0 〈 t ≤ T, T＊ 〈 T}, and, thus, the local Lipschitz stability for this inverse source problem is obtained. Based on the proof of its uniqueness, an inversion scheme is presented to determine the point source. Finally, two numerical examples are given to show the feasibility of the inversion scheme.

Arbitrary Rectilinear Block Packing Based on Less Flexibility First Principles

The definition and formula of flexibility of arbitrary rectilinear blocks are introduced and LFF principles are extended to handle arbitrary rectilinear blocks and blocks with relative constraints.The experimental results demonstrate the efficiency and effectiveness of the proposed method.

Large Scale VLSI Module Placement Using LFF Heuristics by Stages

We present a deterministic algorithm for large-scale VLSI module placement. Following the less flexibility first （LFF） principle,we simulate a manual packing process in which the concept of placement by stages is introduced to reduce the overall evaluation complexity. The complexity of the proposed algorithm is （N1 ＋ N2 ） × O（ n^2 ） ＋ N3× O（n^4lgn） ,where N1, N2 ,and N3 denote the number of modules in each stage, N1 ＋ N2 ＋ N3 = n, and N3〈〈 n. This complexity is much less than the original time complexity of O（n^5lgn）. Experimental results indicate that this approach is quite promising.

Stability of long trench in soft soils by bentonite-water slurry

A series of centrifuge model tests exploring the effects of different types of slurry on long-trench stability in soft clay were conducted. The influence of groundwater conditions relative to trench stability was examined by constructing long trenches using different slurries. The soil deformation and surface settlement induced by the excavation of the trench are found to be closely related to slurry type and excavation depth of the long trench. Increasing the bentonite concentration of the slurry has beneficial effects on stability: 1) larger particles can improve local and global stability in cases where filter cakes do not form, and 2) larger viscosity can promote filter cake formation on the walls of long trenches excavated in soft clay and enhance their stability.

Geotechnical stability analysis considering strain softening using micro-polar continuum finite element method

Geotechnical stability analyses based on classical continuum may lead to remarkable underestimations on geotechnical safety.To attain better estimations on geotechnical stability,the micro-polar continuum is employed so that its internal characteristic length(lc)can be utilized to model the shear band width.Based on two soil slope examples,the role of internal characteristic length in modeling the shear band width of geomaterial is investigated by the second-order cone programming optimized micro-polar continuum finite element method.It is recognized that the underestimation on factor of safety(FOS)calculated from the classical continuum tends to be more pronounced with the increase of lc.When the micro-polar continuum is applied,the shear band dominated by lc is almost kept unaffected as long as the adopted meshes are fine enough,but it does not generally present a slip surface like in the cases from the classical continuum,indicating that the micro-polar continuum is capable of capturing the non-local geotechnical failure characteristic.Due to the coupling effects of lc and strain softening,softening behavior of geomaterial tends to be postponed.Additionally,the bearing capacity of a geotechnical system may be significantly underestimated,if the effects of lc are not modeled or considered in numerical analyses.

Stability Analysis of Cohen-Grossberg Neural Networks with Time-Varying Delays

The global exponential stability of Cohen-Grossberg neural networks with time-varying delays is studied. By constructing several suitable Lyapunov functionals and utilizing differential in-equality techniques, some sufficient criteria for the global exponential stability and the exponential convergence rate of the equilibrium point of the system are obtained. The criteria do not require the activation functions to be differentiable or monotone nondecreasing. Some stability results from previous works are extended and improved. Comparisons are made to demonstrate the advantage of our results.

DARPA Robotics Grand Challenge Participation and Ski-Type Gait for Rough-Terrain Walking

In this paper, we briefly introduce the history of the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency(DARPA) Grand Challenge programs with particular focus on the 2012 Robotics Challenge. As members of team DRC-HUBO, we propose different approaches for the Rough-Terrain task, such as enlarged foot pedals and a transformation into quadruped walking. We also introduce a new gait for humanoid robot locomotion to improve stability performance, called the Ski-Type gait. We analyze the stability performance of this gait and use the stability margin to choose between two candidate step sequences, Crawl-1 and Crawl-2. Next, we perform a force/torque analysis for the redundant closedchain system in the Ski-Type gait, and determine the joint torques by minimizing the total energy consumption. Based on the stability and force/torque analysis, we design a cane length to support a feasible and stable Crawl-2 gait on the HUBO2 humanoid robot platform. Finally, we compare our experimental results with biped walking to validate the SkiType gait. We also present our team performance in the trials of the Robotics Challenge.

Adaptive friction compensation for large diameter electro-hydraulic proportional valve cores based on LuGre

This paper presents an adaptive friction compensation method based on LuGre model for large diameter electric-hydraulic proportional valves in which the valve core contains friction.A mathematic model of the electric-hydraulic proportional valve is established,and the friction characteristics are described based on the LuGre model.The global asymptotic stability of the control system with the adaptive friction compensation controller is guaranteed over Lyapunov theorem.The adaptive compensation of the friction on LuGre friction model is verified by simulation and experiment.The steady-state error is about [-4.23 × 10^(-5)m,5.91 × 10^(-5)m]and[-2.5 × 10^(-4)m,2.6 ×10^(-4) m] on simulation and experiment,the position tracking accuracy is higher,and the lag time of the main valve through the dead zone is shorter.The result proves that the adaptive friction compensation method can effectively compensate for the negative effects of nonlinear friction.

Contributions to Hom-Schunck optical flow equations-part I： Stability and rate of convergence of classical algorithm

Globally exponential stability （which implies convergence and uniqueness） of their classical iterative algorithm is established using methods of heat equations and energy integral after embedding the discrete iteration into a continuous flow. The stability condition depends explicitly on smoothness of the image sequence, size of image domain, value of the regularization parameter, and finally discretization step. Specifically, as the discretization step approaches to zero, stability holds unconditionally. The analysis also clarifies relations among the iterative algorithm, the original variation formulation and the PDE system. The proper regularity of solution and natural images is briefly surveyed and discussed. Experimental results validate the theoretical claims both on convergence and exponential stability.

Global Asymptotic Stability for a Class of Nonlinear Populations Model

This paper discussed the stability of model of an age structured population systems,proved that the equilibrium solution systems is globally asymptotically stable.

Nonlocality of Two-Qubit and Three-Qubit Schmidt-Correlated States

We investigate the nonlocality of Schmidt-correlated （SC） states, and present analytical expressions of the maximum violation value of Bell inequalities. It is shown that the violation of Clauser-Horne-Shimony-Holt （CHSH） inequality is necessary and sufficient for the nonlocality of two-qubit SC states, whereas the violation of the Svetlichny inequaJity is only a sumcient condition for the genuine nonlocality of three-qubit SC states. Furthermore, the relations among the maximum violation values, concurrence, and relative entropy entanglement are discussed.

Geometric Integrability of Two-Component Camassa-Holm and Hunter-Saxton Systems

It is shown that the two-component Camassa-Holm and Hunter-Saxton systems are geometrically integrable, namely they describe pseudo-spherical surfaces. As a consequence, their infinite number of conservation laws are directly constructed. In addition, a class of nonlocal symmetries depending on the pseudo-potentials are obtained.