夏季北半球地气耦合非定常距平模式中瞬变量与定常量关系的诊断分析

本文用ＥＣＭＷＦ的１０年资料对北半球夏季（６～８月）地气耦合非定常距平模式中瞬变量与定常量的相关关系进行了诊断分析。并指出Ｊ（Φ′，ξ′）与Ｊ（Φ＾，ξ）＋Ｊ（Φ，ξ＾＋ξ＋ｆ），Ｊ（Φ′，Φ′／ｐ）与Ｊ（Φ＾，Φ／ｐ）＋Ｊ（Φ，（Φ＾＋Φ）／ｐ以及Ｊ（ψ′ｓ，Ｔｓ′）－与Ｊ（ψ＾ｓ，Ｔｓ）＋Ｊ（ψｓ，Ｔ＾ｓ＋Ｔｓ）间存在着明显的负相关，相关的空间尺度均比较小，瞬变量是距平模式方程中的大项。计算还表明，瞬变量对定常量的作用不是一种随机过程，而是一种较强的负反馈式的相互作用过程，显著的负相关位于中高纬度，与夏季西风带的位置基本一致。此外，在瞬变量与定常量的相关中，气候基本态以及它与月平均距平态间的相互作用有着十分重要的贡献。在地气耦合非定常距平模式中进行瞬变量的参数化研究。

Maintenance and development of the Ural high and its contribution to severe cold wave activities in winter 2020/21

Two successive severe cold waves invaded eastern China from the end of 2020 to early 2021,leading to an extensive,severe,and persistent drop in temperature.The paper investigates the features and formation mechanisms of the two cold waves.The main results are as follows:(1)An anticlockwise turning of the transverse trough was observed in both cold waves.However,a broad ridge was maintained over the Ural area from mid-December 2020 till mid-January 2021.No breakdown or discontinuous westward shift of the blocking high was observed,which is different from typical cold waves in eastern Asia.(2)The maintenance and strengthening of northerly winds in front of the Ural high led to an increase in baroclinicity in-situ.In the downstream region,the gradient of the geopotential height contour in the south of the transverse trough rapidly increased and the advection of cold temperature consistently enhanced and advanced southwards.This in turn caused the intensification and southward expansion of the Siberian high.(3)Energy propagation of the quasi-stationary wave was a reason for the development and persistence of the Ural blocking.Prior to the occurrence of the two cold waves,the energy of the low-frequency stationary wave originating from near 0°E(or even to the west)propagated eastwards,which helped the Ural ridge intensify and maintain.Meanwhile,it also contributed to the development of the trough downstream of the ridge and resulted in the anticlockwise turning of the transverse trough,providing a favorable condition for the southward outbreak of cold air.

Quantitative analysis of magnetic anomaly of reinforcements in bored in-situ concrete piles

We quantitatively study magnetic anomalies of reinforcement rods in bored insitu concrete piles for the first time and summarized their magnetic anomaly character. Key factors such as measuring borehole orientation, borehole-reinforcement distance, and multiple-section reinforcement rods are discussed which contributes valid and quantitative reference for using the magnetic method to detect reinforcement rods. Through tests with model piles, we confirm the accuracy of theoretical computations and then utilize the law discovered in theoretical computations to explain the characteristics of the actual testing curves. The results show that the Za curves of the reinforcement rod reflect important factors regarding the reinforcement rods, such as rod length, change of reinforcement ratio, length of overlap, and etc. This research perfects the magnetic method for detecting reinforcement rods in bored in-situ concrete piles and the method has great importance for preventing building contractor fraud.

Regular Black Holes with Cosmological Constant

We present a class of regular black holes with cosmological constant A in nonlinear electrodynamics. Instead of usual singularity behind black hole horizon, all fields and curvature invariants are regular everywhere for the regular black holes. Through gauge invariant approach, the linearly dynamical stability of the regular black hole is studied. In odd-parity sector, we find that the A term does not appear in the master equations of perturbations, which shows that the regular black hole is stable under odd-parity perturbations. On the other hand, for the even-parity sector, the master equations are more complicated than the case without the cosmological constant. We obtain the sufficient conditions for stability of the regular black hole. We also investigate the thermodynamic properties of the regular black hole. and find that those thermodynamic quantities do not satisfy the differential form of first law of black hole thermodynamics. The reason for violating the first law is revealed.

Metric Expansion from Microscopic Dynamics in an Inhomogeneous Universe

Theories with ingredients like the Higgs mechanism, gravitons, and inflaton fields rejuvenate the idea that relativistic kinematics is dynamically emergent. Eternal inflation treats the Hubble constant H as depending on location. Microscopic dynamics implies that H is over much smaller lengths than pocket universes to be understood as a local space reproduction rate. We illustrate this via discussing that even exponential inflation in TeV-gravity is slow on the relevant time scale. In our on small scales inhomogeneous cosmos, a reproduction rate H depends on position. We therefore discuss Einstein-Strauss vacuoles and a Lindquist-Wheeler like lattice to connect the local rate properly with the scaling of an expanding cosmos. Consistency allows H to locally depend on Weyl curvature similar to vacuum polarization. We derive a proportionality constant known from Kepler＇s third law and discuss the implications for the finiteness of the cosmological constant.

Reactive Extraction of Nicotinic Acid with Trialkylamine in n-Octanol

The distributions of nicotinic acid (NA) between water and trialkylamine (N235) dissolved in n-octanol was studied. The complexes of N235 and NA were investigated by Fourier transformation infrared spectrometry to deduce the reaction mechanism. It was found that N235/n-octanol was an efficient extractant for extracting nicotinic acid. The favorable operation conditions were equilibrium aqueous pH 4.2 to 5.5 and initial N235 concentration<0.42 mol·L-1 . The reaction processes included the reaction between neutral N235 and neutral NA and the reaction between protonated N235 and anionic NA. Based on the mass action law and some assumptions, an expression for distribution coefficient D was proposed. The apparent extraction equilibrium constants were calculated by fitting the experimental data and the results were satisfactory.

The urban unsteady and non-pressure rain pipe flow routing by the dynamical-wave method

The dynamical-wave routing model of the urban unsteady and non-pressure rain pipe flow was established by conservation of mass, momentum and energy, and it was solved by applying the four point implicit difference method and the pursuit method. It was obtained from the experiment checking and comparative analysis that the dynamical-wave muting model can reflect influence like attenuate and backwater when flood peak propagate in pipeline with high calculation precision and vast application scope, and it can be applied in routing of urban rain pipe flow of different slopes and inflow conditions. The routing model supplies a scientific foundation for the town rainfall piping design or checking, disaster administration of storm runoff, and so on.

多元函数微分学学习辅导

上学期,我们学习了一元函数微积分,但实际应用中所研究的问题一般有多个因素。例如研究自然现象总离不开空间和时问,因而,一般物理量常依赖于四个变量:x,y,z,t。多元函数,在实际问题中经常会遇到。下面提出对这一章的基本要求。一、多元函数的概念多元函数简单地说就是自变量多于一个的函数。主要要求大家掌握二元函数的定义;会求二元函数的定义域,并会用平面图形表示;会画常见的二元函数的图形;了解二元函数的几何意义。

Experimental and Numerical Investigation of the Unsteady Tip Leakage Flow in Axial Compressor Cascade

For convenience of both measurement and adjusting the clearance size and incidence, the current research is mainly conducted by experiments on an axial compressor linear cascade. The characteristics and the condition under which the unsteadiness of tip leakage flow would occur were investigated by dynamic measuring in different clearances, inlet velocities and incidences. From the experiment it is found that increasing tip clearance size or reducing rotor tip incidence can affect the strength of the tip clearance flow. Then the experimental results also indicate the tip leakage shows instability in certain conditions, and the frequency of unsteadiness is great influenced by inflow angle. The condition of occurrence of tip leakage flow unsteadiness is when the leakage flow is strong enough to reach the pressure side of the adjacent blade. The main cause of tip leakage flow unsteadiness is the tip blade loading.

Unsteady Flow Characteristic of Low-Specific-Speed Centrifugal Pump under Different Flow-Rate Conditions

To investigate the unsteady flow characteristics in centrifugal pump, the flow field in a low-specific-speed centri- fugal pump with complex impeller is numerically simulated under different conditions. The RNG r-e turbulence model and sliding mesh are adopted during the process of computation. The results show that the interaction be- tween impeller and volute results in the unstable flow of the fluid, which causes the uneven distribution of pres- sure fluctuations around the circumference of volute. Besides the main frequency and its multiple frequency of pressure fluctuations in the centrifugal pump, the frequency caused by the long blades of complex impeller also plays a dominant role in the low-frequency areas. Furthermore, there exists biggish fluctuation phenomenon near the tongue. The composition of static pressure fluctuations frequency on the volute wall and blade outlet is similar except that the fluctuation amplitude near the volute wall reduces. In general, the different flow rates mainly have influence on the amplitude of fluctuation frequency in the pump, while have little effect on the frequency compo- sition.

A note on finite abelian covers

We prove that any abelian cover over a smooth variety is defined by some cyclic equations. From the defining equations, we compute explicitly the normalization, branch locus, ramification indices, global invariants, and the resolution of singularities. As an application, we construct a new algebraic surface which is the quotient of ball.

Community promotion of superficial needling plus club swing for post-stroke motion impairment of the shoulder joint

Objective： To investigate the community promotion feasibility of superficial needling plus club swing for post-stroke motion impairment of the shoulder joint. Methods：A total of 180 cases （duration 〈1.5 years） with post-stroke motion impairment of the shoulder joint were recruited from three community health centers in Changning District, 60 from each community. They were randomly allocated into an observation group （n=90） and a control group （n=90）. Patients in both groups received standard internal and rehabilitation care. Patients in the observation group received additional superficial needling plus club swing. The visual analogue scale （VAS） was conducted before and 60 d after the treatment to evaluate the severity of shoulder pain. The active movement of the shoulder joint and activities of daily living （ADL） were also observed. Results：There were no between-group statistical differences before the treatment （allP〉0.05）. After a 60-day treatment, the shoulder pain severity, active range of motion of the shoulder joint and ADL in the observation group were significantly improved than those in the control group （allP〈0.01）. In addition, no adverse events were reported by participants in the observation group. Conclusion：Superficial needling plus club swing plays a positive role in improving post-stroke motion impairment of the shoulder joint. This safe, reliable and economical therapy has good patient compliance and is suitable for community promotion.

Unsteady Pressure Measurements in a High-Speed Centrifugal Compressor

This paper presents the unsteady data acquisition system used to measure the pressure field in high speed compressors.Details and electronic sketches are given for the conditioners developed in-house that have been used to amplify and to filter the pressure signal with the aim of acquiring data up to 150 kHz.A discussion of the experimental results carried out in a centrifugal compressor is proposed.Through different processing of the pressure signals and a comparison with URANS simulations,the excitation of the pressure transducers by the pressure waves generated by shock waves that occur between the impeller and the diffuser is highlighted.The levels of pressure fluctuations measured when entering into surge are also presented and reveal very repetitive behaviour of the flow instabilities.