Cloning, Characterization and Chromosome Localization of Two Powdery Mildew Resistance-Related Gene Sequences from Wheat

Reverse_transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT_PCR) was performed using cDNAs as templates from wheat_ Haynaldia villosa 6VS/6AL translocation line and 'Yangmai 5' induced with fungus Erysiphe graminis , and degenerate primers designed based on the conserved amino acid sequences of known plant disease_resistance genes. The cDNA sequences encoding cyclophilin_like and H +_ATPase_like genes were first isolated and characterized in wheat. The putative amino acid sequences of the two clones showed that they were highly homologous to those of cyclophilin proteins and H +_ATPases isolated from other plants. Thus they were designated as Ta_Cyp and Ta_MAH . The obvious expression differences could be observed between wheat_ H. villosa 6VS/6AL translocation line and susceptible wheat cultivar 'Yangmai 5', implying that the two genes may be related with the resistance of wheat_ H. villosa 6VS/6AL translocation line to disease. Southern blot indicated that the wheat genome contained 2-3 copies of Ta_Cyp gene and one copy of the Ta_MAH gene. Chinese Spring nulli_tetrasomic line analysis located the Ta_Cyp homologous genes on wheat chromosome 6A, 6B and 6D. Southern blot using Ta_Cyp clone as a probe showed that the polymorphic bands existed among the H. villosa , amphiploid of Triticum durum _ H. villosa , wheat_ H. villosa 6VS/6AL translocation line and 'Yangmai 5', suggesting that Ta_Cyp homologies exist in wheat genome as well as on the short arm of chromosome 6V in H. villosa .

The Characteristic Analysis and Seismic Triggering Study of the M6.2 and M6.1 Dayao Earthquake Sequences in 2003

The high-resolution hypocenter locations of the mainshocks on July 21 （M6.2） and October 16, 2003 （M6.1） and their aftershock sequences are determined in Dayao, Yunnan by using a double-difference earthquake location algorithm. The results show that the epicenters of the two mainshocks are very close to each other and the distribution of the aftershock sequence appears to be very linear. The distribution of the earthquake sequence is very consistent with the focal mechanism, and both mainshocks are of nearly vertical right-lateral fault. Unlike most other double earthquakes in the Yunmm area, the aftershock distribution of the M6.2 and M6.1 Dayao earthquakes does not appear to be a conjugated distribution but to be in a line, and there are some stacks in the two earthquake sequences. It can be inferred that they are all controlled by the same fault. The distribution of aftershocks is asymmetrical with respect to the mainshock location and appears to be unilateral. The aftershocks of the M6.2 mainshock centralize in the northwest of M6.2 earthquake and the aftershocks of the M6.1 earthquake are in the southeast of the mainshock, moreover, the M6.1 earthquake appears to be another rupture on the southeastern extensiou of the same fault as the M6.2 earthquake. The results of Coulomb failure static stress changes △σf show that the earthquake on July 21 （M6.2） apparently triggered the earthquake on October 16 （M6.1）, the two mainshocks have stress triggering to their off-fault aftershocks to different extents, and the M6.5 earthquake that occurred in Yao＇an in 2000 also triggered the occurrence of the two Dayao earthquakes.

Quantitative analysis of magnetic anomaly of reinforcements in bored in-situ concrete piles

We quantitatively study magnetic anomalies of reinforcement rods in bored insitu concrete piles for the first time and summarized their magnetic anomaly character. Key factors such as measuring borehole orientation, borehole-reinforcement distance, and multiple-section reinforcement rods are discussed which contributes valid and quantitative reference for using the magnetic method to detect reinforcement rods. Through tests with model piles, we confirm the accuracy of theoretical computations and then utilize the law discovered in theoretical computations to explain the characteristics of the actual testing curves. The results show that the Za curves of the reinforcement rod reflect important factors regarding the reinforcement rods, such as rod length, change of reinforcement ratio, length of overlap, and etc. This research perfects the magnetic method for detecting reinforcement rods in bored in-situ concrete piles and the method has great importance for preventing building contractor fraud.

Isolation, identification and characterization of cadmium-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain E_1

Strain E1 with resistance to 18 mmol/L cadmium （Cd）, isolated from Cd-contaminated soil was identified by morphological observation, biochemical and physiological characterization and 16S rDNA sequence analysis. The resistance to heavy metals Cd, Cu, Co, Mn, Pb, Zn and 12 antibiotics was examined. The ability of removing Cd from solution was studied. The characterizations show that strain El is affiliated to Pseudomonas aeruginosa （P aeruginosa）. Strain E1 has high resistance to heavy metals and the order is found to be Cd〉Mn〉Zn〉Cu〉Pb〉Co in solid media. Strain E1 also exhibits the resistance to 12 antibiotics. Both living and non-living cells of strain E1 can remove Cd from solution, and living cell has better biosorption than non-living cell.

Application of Bifurcation Analysis on Active Distribution Systems

This paper presents the application of bifurcation method on the steady state three-phase load-flow Jacobian method to study the voltage stability of unbalanced distribution systems. The eigenvalue analysis is used to study distribution system behavior under different operating conditions. Two-bus connected by asymmetrical line is used as the study system. The effects of both unbalance and extreme loading conditions are investigated. Also, the impact of distributed energy resources is studied. Different case studies and loading scenarios are presented to trace the eigenvalues of the Jacobian matrix. The results exhibit the existence of a new bifurcation point which may not be related to the voltage stability.

Fractal characterization for the mining crack evolution process of overlying strata based on microseismic monitoring technology

In order to study the evolution laws during the development process of the coal face overburden rock mining-induced fissure,we studied the process of evolution of overburden rock mining-induced fissures and dynamically quantitatively described its fractal laws,based on the high-precision microseismic monitoring method and the nonlinear Fractal Geometry Theory.The results show that:the overburden rock mining-induced fissure fractal dimension experiences two periodic change processes with the coal face advance,namely a Small→ Big→ Small process,which tends to be stable;the functional relationship between the extraction step distance and the overburden rock mining-induced fissure fractal dimension is a cubic curve.The results suggest that the fractal dimension reflects the evolution characteristics of the overburden rock mining-induced fissure,which can be used as an evaluation index of the stability of the overburden rock strata,and it provides theoretical guidance for stability analysis of the overburden rock strata,goaf roof control and the support movements in the mining face.

HRM and Quantitatives： Decision Tree and Vector Analysis in HRM Theory

Research topic of this paper is to discuss theory of Human Resources Management （HRM） and to discuss using of quantitative methods in HRM. Firstly, five variables establish HRM theory. They are HRM practices, positive organizational behaviors, individual performance, performance of business departments, and firm performance. Transactions among those variables enable Human Resources （HR） practitioners to apply HRM theory in their organizations. Secondly, this paper discusses use of quantitative methods in HRM. They are vector analysis and decision tree analysis. Those analyses enable HR practitioners to make effective HR decisions. Decision tree sets HR alternatives to efficiently implement HRM practices in organizations. Research question is how HR practitioners apply quantitative methods in department of HRM in firms. Finally this research comes out a conclusion that quantitative methods may be used in HRM.

Characterization and expression of sweetfish （Plecoglossus altivelis） cathepsin D

Cathepsin D （CTSD） is a lysosomal acidic endoproteinase that plays an important role in immune response, In this study, we obtained sweetfish （Plecoglossus altivelis） CTSD （PaCTSD） via de-novo transcriptome sequencing of sweetfish macrophages. The full length cDNA sequence of PaCTSD was 1955 bp encoding a propeptide of 397 amino acids. The deduced protein had a calculated molecular weight of 43.17x 103. Multiple alignment with other known CTSD amino acid sequences revealed amino acid conservation through the teleosts. Phylogenetic tree analysis showed that PaCTSD grouped tightly with other fish CTSD, and was close to that of Atlantic salmon and rainbow trout. Subsequently, PaCTSD was prokaryotically expressed and refolded by the urea gradient method on a nickel-nitrilotriacetic acid column. Enzyme activity analysis showed that PaCTSD exhibited pH-dependent proteolytic activity. Quantitative real-time PCR showed that PaCTSD mRNA was expressed in all detected tissues in healthy sweetfish. The highest expression was observed in the spleen and white blood cells, followed by liver, head-kidney, kidney, intestine, gill, and muscle. After Listonella anguillarum infection, PaCTSD transcripts were up-regulated significantly in liver, spleen, white blood cells, and head-kidney of sweetfish. In summary, PaCTSD has proteolytic activity and is closely involved in the immune response of sweetfish.

Sensory Evaluation of Winter Cereal Silage

Silage is aimed at conservation of green fodder, with minimal losses and that this kind of food, does not occur formation of toxic compounds for animals. Practical aspects become important when control ＂in loco＂, reflects management practiced in the property. There are different sensory evaluation techniques. The objective of this work was to study the applicability of the German system, now used in sensory evaluation of winter cereals （wheat silage and haylage oats）. For quantitative analysis of silage （pH） that was used potentiometer. In determining the qualitative analysis was used German method adapted. Relating them to sensory characteristics such as smell, texture and color of the fodder saved by assigning a score to each sensory： a ＂key＂ predetermined quality identification. For multiple comparisons for film types tested in oat silages BRS Centauro, the results show that the qualitative sensory attributes evaluated by rating corresponded to the quantitative attributes （pH） evaluated, with no difference. For multiple comparisons in the silages, for all test loads in both wheat genotypes results showed no difference between the qualitative evaluation （sensory） and quantitative.

Emission Characteristics of Volatile Organic Compounds from Automobile Coating Industry in Chongqing City

To fully analyze emission characteristics of VOCs （Volatile Organic Compounds） from automobile coating industry in Chongqing city, related enterprises in the city were investigated in detail. The results show that the emission of VOCs from the automobile industry in Chongqing city was approximately 20,000 t in 2012, and the contribution rate of automobile coating was 83%. Most VOCs discharged from automobile coating industry were mainly from the use of coatings, diluents, curing agents and other materials containing VOCs. During the process of automobile coating, VOCs were mainly produced during the processes of spraying and drying. Besides, VOCs are partly produced during the processes of mixing paint, gluing, waxing and repairing. The major ingredients of VOCs discharged during the process of automobile coating were methylbenzene, dimethylbenzene, trimethylbenzene, cumene, ethyl acetate, butyl alcohol, n-butyl alcohol, isobutyl alcohol, formaldehyde, butanone, acetone, cyclohexanone and methyl ethyl ketone. Besides, the ingredients of naphtha and aromatic hydrocarbon in VOCs need to be determined. The maximum OFP （Ozone Formation Potential） of the above pollutants by the typical enterprises was 900-1,300 mg/m^3. The production of SOA （Secondary Organic Aerosol） was 3,636-11,073 t/a, which didn’t include the contribution of aldehydes, ketones, ethers and esters to SOA. This research could provide scientific reference for the establishment of emission standard, control technology and management methods of VOCs from automobile coating industry that accord with economic and social development in Chongqing city.

Matrix perturbation based approach for sensitivity analysis of eigen-solutions in a microgrid

Sensitivities of eigen-solutions to control variables play an important role in microgrid studies,such as coordinated optimal design of controllers and parameters,robust stability analysis on control variables,oscillation modes analysis on a system,etc.Considering the importance of sensitivities and the complexity of state matrix in a microgrid,parameter perturbations are utilized in this paper to analyze the construction characteristics of state matrix.Then,the sensitivities of eigenvalues and eigenvectors to control variables are obtained based on the first-order matrix perturbation theory,which makes the complex derivations of sensitivity formulas and repeated solutions of eigenvalue problem unnecessary.Finally,the effectiveness of the matrix perturbation based approach for sensitivity calculation in a microgrid is verified by a numerical example on a low-voltage microgrid prototype.

Characteristics and Source Identification of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Urban Soils： A Review

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons （PAHs） are mainly produced by combustion processes and consist of a number of toxic com- pounds. They are always emitted as a mixture and have become a major type of pollutants in urban areas. The degree of soil contamination by PAHs is of special concern in areas immediately in proximity to cities with heavy traffic, factories, older buildings, and infrastructure. The accumulation of soil PAHs is also affected by non-anthropogenie factors, such as climate, vegetation, and soil property. This paper reviews three typical source identification techniques, including diagnostic ratios, positive matrix factorization, and principle components analysis. The advantages or disadvantages of these techniques are analyzed. It is recommended that multiple identification techniques be used to determine the sources in order to minimize the weaknesses inherent in each method and thereby to strengthen the conclusions for PAH source identification.

A quantification model of Traditional Chinese Medicine syndromes in children with idiopathic precocious puberty and early puberty

OBJECTIVE:To establish a quantification model of Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM)syndromes by sampling patients undergoing idiopathic precocious puberty(IPP)and early puberty.METHODS:A questionnaire for classifying and quantifying TCM syndromes was designed and administered.All the results were analyzed;the relationship between 3 types of syndrome and 47symptoms were summated.Meanwhile,the frequency distribution of each symptom or sign was aggregated.Fuzzy mathematics was used to develop a quantification model ofTCM syndromes.RESULTS:We found that precocious puberty had 3types of syndrome,including hyperactivity of fire due to Yin deficiency(Syndrome I),depressed liver Qi transforming into fire(Syndrome II),and end retention of damp heat(Syndrome III).In the IPP group,Syndrome I was the most common principal syndrome(100%).Forty-six patients(43.81%)werediagnosed with Syndrome I accompanied by Syndrome II and 11(10.48%)were diagnosed with Syndrome I accompanied by Syndrome III.In the early puberty group,Syndrome I was also the main syndrome(98.39%).The degrees of most symptoms were mild to moderate.Reddened tongue was the most common tongue manifestation(62.86%prevalence)in the IPP group.The most common pulse manifestations were slippery pulse,thread pulse,and taut pulse.The Asymptotic Normalization Coefficient(ANC)method was used to quantify the TCM syndromes in 167 cases.Diagnostic accuracy rate reached 91%,comparable to expert diagnosis.CONCLUSION:We find that there are 3 types of syndrome in the IPP group and in the early puberty group.Syndrome I(hyperactivity of fire due to Yin deficiency)is the main syndrome in the two groups.ANC may be an appropriate for quantification model ofTCM syndromes.

FURTHER RESEARCH OF A NEW KIND OF SERIES REPAIRABLE SYSTEM

This paper is devoted to studying the uniqueness and existence of the system dynamic solution by using C0-semigroup theory and discussing its exponential stability by analyzing the spectrul distribution of system operator and its quasi-compactness. Some primary reliability indices are discussed with the eigenfunction of system operator and the optimal vacation time to get the maximum system profit is analyzed at the end of paper.

Logistic Regression Analysis of Syndrome Essential Factors in Patients with Unstable Angina Pectoris

Objective: To explore the correlation between common syndrome essential factors and the symptoms and signs of unstable angina (UA). Methods: Eight hundred and fifteen patients with UA confirmed by coronary angiography were identified from several centers. Common syndrome essential factors were selected on the basis of expert experience. The correlations between common syndrome essential factors and symptoms and signs of UA were analyzed using binary logistic regression analysis. Results: The common syndrome essential factors in unstable angina were blood stasis, qi stagnation, phlegm turbidity, heat stagnancy, qi deficiency, yin deficiency, and yang deficiency. Symptoms such as chest pain, hypochondriac distention, ecchymosis, dark orbits, dark and purplish tongue, and tongue with ecchymosis and petechiae were significant diagnostic features of "blood stasis". Aversion to cold and cool limbs, weakness in the waist and knees, and clear abundant urine were significant diagnostic features of "yang deficiency". These results were in accordance with the understanding of traditional clinical Chinese medical practice. Conclusion: This clinical study analyzed the correlations between common syndrome essential factors and the symptoms and signs of unstable angina. The results provide the basis for establishing diagnostic criteria for syndrome essential factors.

Unified calculation of eigen-solutions in power systems based on matrix perturbation theory

Calculation of eigen-solutions plays an important role in the small signal stability analysis of power systems.In this paper,a novel approach based on matrix perturbation theory is proposed for the calculation of eigen-solutions in a perturbed system.Rigorous theoretical analysis is conducted on the solution of distinct,multiple,and close eigen-solutions,respectively,under perturbations of parameters.The computational flowchart of the unified solution of eigen-solutions is then proposed,aimed toward obtaining eigen-solutions of a perturbed system directly with algebraic formulas without solving an eigenvalue problem repeatedly.Finally,the effectiveness of the matrix perturbation based approach for eigen-solutions’calculation in power systems is verified by numerical examples on a two-area four-machine system.

Characteristic analysis of hydraulic hybrid vehicle based on limit cycle

The theory of limit cycles was applied to hydraulic hybrid vehicle (HHV) to analyze the dynamic characteristics of the system. The exact mathematical models based on configuration diagram of HHV were built to study on equilibrium points, nonexistence of limit cycle and stability of equilibrium points. The analysis showed that if the Young's modulus of fluid is neglected, the equilibrium points of the system will be distributed on both sides of the initial function. In addition, there is a unique equilibrium point according to the practical signification of the system parameters. The nonexistence analysis showed that there is no limit cycle for the system, no matter how the viscosity coefficient B changes. The stability analysis of equilibrium points showed that the system is asymptotically stable about the equilibrium point at B≥0 and the equilibrium point is the center point of the system at B=0. Finally, the phase diagrams of global topological structure of HHV system were entirely described according to qualitative analysis of the singular points at infinity.