定性地理信息系统(Qualitative geographic information system)是一个相对较新的专业术语,注重多方面综合描述事物的发展、实践和思想演变,其关注的是定性研究或定性数据与GIS的集成;它是对1990s提出的GIS对主体表现的缺失、对主观能...定性地理信息系统(Qualitative geographic information system)是一个相对较新的专业术语,注重多方面综合描述事物的发展、实践和思想演变,其关注的是定性研究或定性数据与GIS的集成;它是对1990s提出的GIS对主体表现的缺失、对主观能动性的忽视,以及基于实证主义的认识论等批判浪潮的响应,是将GIS立足于一些激进的认识论上,更多地与定量的技术、空间科学结合起来。它打破了GIS传统上只能处理定量数据的观点。本文通过回顾国内外学者的研究,讨论了公众参与式地理信息系统、女性主义地理信息系统与批判地理信息系统的研究范式,梳理了定性地理信息系统在人文地理学中的应用,讨论了定性地理信息系统在人文地理学研究中的优势,并提出研究展望。展开更多
Recent advances in computer with geographic information system(GIS) technologies have allowed modelers to develop physics-based models for modeling soil erosion processes in time and space.However, it has been widely ...Recent advances in computer with geographic information system(GIS) technologies have allowed modelers to develop physics-based models for modeling soil erosion processes in time and space.However, it has been widely recognized that the effect of uncertainties on model predictions may be more significant when modelers apply such models for their own modeling purposes.Sources of uncertainty involved in modeling include data, model structural, and parameter uncertainty.To deal with the uncertain parameters of a catchment-scale soil erosion model(CSEM) and assess simulation uncertainties in soil erosion, particle filtering modeling(PF) is introduced in the CSEM.The proposed method, CSEM-PF, estimates parameters of non-linear and non-Gaussian systems, such as a physics-based soil erosion model by assimilating observation data such as discharge and sediment discharge sequences at outlets.PF provides timevarying feasible parameter sets as well as uncertainty bounds of outputs while traditional automatic calibration techniques result in a time-invariant global optimal parameter set.CSEM-PF was applied to a small mountainous catchment of the Yongdamdam in Korea for soil erosion modeling and uncertainty assessment for three historical typhoon events.Finally, the most optimal parameter sets and uncertainty bounds of simulation of both discharge and sediment discharge at each time step of the study events are provided.展开更多
The Vietnamese Mekong Delta is located at the end of the Mekong River, one of the 10 largest rivers in the world. It plays an important role, especially in terms of food security for not only Vietnam but also the worl...The Vietnamese Mekong Delta is located at the end of the Mekong River, one of the 10 largest rivers in the world. It plays an important role, especially in terms of food security for not only Vietnam but also the world. However, the Vietnamese Mekong Delta is projected to be heavily affected by: (1) the annual (fluvial) flood, which would be changed in terms of time and spatial distribution after impacts of climate change scenarios (i.e., sharper hydrograph with shorter flood period); and (2) sea level rise. Such combination would result in significant changes of surface water resources, leading to consequent impacts on the existing fanning systems in the Vietnamese Mekong Delta. Therefore, this paper presents a new approach of integrating a one-dimensional hydrodynamic model (ISIS-1 D) with GIS (Geographic Information System ) analyses to: (1) identify priority areas for flood adaptation and mitigation; (2) provide an insight to local decision-makers in the Vietnamese Mekong Delta in changes of future floods.展开更多
On the basis of in situ investigation and deformation monitoring of the Jijia River landslide (JJRL), the rigid body limit equilibrium method and finite element method (FEM) were used to analyze the stability of t...On the basis of in situ investigation and deformation monitoring of the Jijia River landslide (JJRL), the rigid body limit equilibrium method and finite element method (FEM) were used to analyze the stability of the JJRL; the grey system theory method was applied to forecast the deformation trend of the JJRL; and the information system about the landslide deformation and monitoring, and forecasting systems based on the platform of the Web Geographical Information System (WebGIS) were developed, which can be used to analyze in situ monitoring data and predict the deformation of the landslide. The study results can be summarized as follows: (1) the JJRL is stable as a whole; the water content in the landslide has a great effect on its stability; (2) the developed Web Geographical Information System has realized many functions, including inputting, computing, inquiry, analyzing, and the function of forecasting; it has also realized the functions of distance data management, analysis, and forecasting based on the WebGIS; (3) the information resource can be shared by the WebGIS developed all over the world.展开更多
文摘定性地理信息系统(Qualitative geographic information system)是一个相对较新的专业术语,注重多方面综合描述事物的发展、实践和思想演变,其关注的是定性研究或定性数据与GIS的集成;它是对1990s提出的GIS对主体表现的缺失、对主观能动性的忽视,以及基于实证主义的认识论等批判浪潮的响应,是将GIS立足于一些激进的认识论上,更多地与定量的技术、空间科学结合起来。它打破了GIS传统上只能处理定量数据的观点。本文通过回顾国内外学者的研究,讨论了公众参与式地理信息系统、女性主义地理信息系统与批判地理信息系统的研究范式,梳理了定性地理信息系统在人文地理学中的应用,讨论了定性地理信息系统在人文地理学研究中的优势,并提出研究展望。
基金supported by Korea Ministry of Environment(MOE)as"GAIA Program2014000540005"
文摘Recent advances in computer with geographic information system(GIS) technologies have allowed modelers to develop physics-based models for modeling soil erosion processes in time and space.However, it has been widely recognized that the effect of uncertainties on model predictions may be more significant when modelers apply such models for their own modeling purposes.Sources of uncertainty involved in modeling include data, model structural, and parameter uncertainty.To deal with the uncertain parameters of a catchment-scale soil erosion model(CSEM) and assess simulation uncertainties in soil erosion, particle filtering modeling(PF) is introduced in the CSEM.The proposed method, CSEM-PF, estimates parameters of non-linear and non-Gaussian systems, such as a physics-based soil erosion model by assimilating observation data such as discharge and sediment discharge sequences at outlets.PF provides timevarying feasible parameter sets as well as uncertainty bounds of outputs while traditional automatic calibration techniques result in a time-invariant global optimal parameter set.CSEM-PF was applied to a small mountainous catchment of the Yongdamdam in Korea for soil erosion modeling and uncertainty assessment for three historical typhoon events.Finally, the most optimal parameter sets and uncertainty bounds of simulation of both discharge and sediment discharge at each time step of the study events are provided.
文摘The Vietnamese Mekong Delta is located at the end of the Mekong River, one of the 10 largest rivers in the world. It plays an important role, especially in terms of food security for not only Vietnam but also the world. However, the Vietnamese Mekong Delta is projected to be heavily affected by: (1) the annual (fluvial) flood, which would be changed in terms of time and spatial distribution after impacts of climate change scenarios (i.e., sharper hydrograph with shorter flood period); and (2) sea level rise. Such combination would result in significant changes of surface water resources, leading to consequent impacts on the existing fanning systems in the Vietnamese Mekong Delta. Therefore, this paper presents a new approach of integrating a one-dimensional hydrodynamic model (ISIS-1 D) with GIS (Geographic Information System ) analyses to: (1) identify priority areas for flood adaptation and mitigation; (2) provide an insight to local decision-makers in the Vietnamese Mekong Delta in changes of future floods.
基金Supported by the Innovative Prominent Talents Project Fundation for Henan Universities in 2005Henan Innovation Project for Universiy Prominent Research Talents in 2005(HAIPURT)(2005KYCX015)Important Science & Technology Fundation of Henan Province
文摘On the basis of in situ investigation and deformation monitoring of the Jijia River landslide (JJRL), the rigid body limit equilibrium method and finite element method (FEM) were used to analyze the stability of the JJRL; the grey system theory method was applied to forecast the deformation trend of the JJRL; and the information system about the landslide deformation and monitoring, and forecasting systems based on the platform of the Web Geographical Information System (WebGIS) were developed, which can be used to analyze in situ monitoring data and predict the deformation of the landslide. The study results can be summarized as follows: (1) the JJRL is stable as a whole; the water content in the landslide has a great effect on its stability; (2) the developed Web Geographical Information System has realized many functions, including inputting, computing, inquiry, analyzing, and the function of forecasting; it has also realized the functions of distance data management, analysis, and forecasting based on the WebGIS; (3) the information resource can be shared by the WebGIS developed all over the world.