An Enhanced NEH Method in Solving Permutation Flow Shop Problem

This paper proposed an enhanced NEH with full insertion moves to solve the permutation flow shop problem.The characteristics of the original NEH are investigated and analyzed,and it is concluded that the given method would be promising to find better solutions,while the cost would be increased.Fast makespan calculating method and eliminating non-promising permutation policy are introduced to reduce the evaluation effort.The former decreases the time complexity from O(n4m) to O(n3m),which is an acceptable cost for medium and small size instances considering the obtained solution quality.The results from computational experience show that the latter also can eliminate a lot of non-promising solutions.

A New Tuning Method for Two-Degree-of-Freedom Internal Model Control under Parametric Uncertainty

Internal model control （IMC） yields very good performance for set point tracking, but gives sluggish response for disturbance rejection problem. A two-degree-of-freedom IMC （2DOF-IMC） has been developed to overcome the weakness. However, the setting of parameter becomes a complicated matter if there is an uncertainty model. The present study proposes a new tuning method for the controller. The proposed tuning method consists of three steps. Firstly, the worst case of the model uncertainty is determined. Secondly, the parameter of set point con- troller using maximum peak （Mp） criteria is specified, and finally, the parameter of the disturbance rejection con- troller using gain margin （GM） criteria is obtained. The proposed method is denoted as Mp-GM tuning method. The effectiveness of Mp-GM tuning method has evaluated and compared with IMC-controller tuning program （IMCTUNE） as bench mark. The evaluation and comparison have been done through the simulation on a number of first order plus dead time （FOPDT） and higher order processes. The FOPDT process tested includes processes with controllability ratio in the range 0.7 to 2.5. The higher processes include second order with underdarnped and third order with nonminimum phase processes. Although the two of higher order processes are considered as difficult processes, the proposed Mp-GM tuning method are able to obtain the good controller parameter even under process uncertainties.

Automatic Voltage Regulator Test of Three Gorges Right Bank Hydropower Station

Based on real-time digital simulations(RTDS),a laboratory environment similar to the real-time operation situation of the Three Gorges Hydropower Station is established.Then,the causes for the power fluctuation of the second generator by errors in the rotor rotating speed calculation are found,and the tuning method of the speed related parameters are given.The damping and reverse tuning characteristics of power system stabilizers(PSSs)in the digital automatic voltage regulator(AVR)are compared and investigated in the frequency range of 0.18-1.1 Hz.The efficiency of the proposed tuning method for ensuring power system stability is verified by RTDS.Finally,field tests show the validity of the laboratory test results.

A Parameter Determination Method of Distribution Voltage Regulators Considering Tap Change and Voltage Profile

This paper proposes a parameter determination method of distribution voltage regulators load ratio control transformers （LRT） and step voltage regulators （SVR） considering the tap change and voltage profile. The method takes two procedures in order to simplify the optimization problem and to reduce calculation time. One is to simultaneously determine the control parameters of LRT and SVR minimizing voltage violations and voltage variations. The algorithm is based on particle swarm optimization （PSO）, which is one of non-linear optimization methods by using a concept of swarm intelligence. Another is to determine the dead-band width of LRT and SVR on the basis of bi-evaluation of tap change and voltage margin. The concept of a Pareto optimal solution is used for the decision of the best dead-band width. As the results of numerical simulations using distribution network model, the validity of the proposed method has been affirmed.

New parameter tuning method of washout filter-aided controller for dynamic behavior adjustment

Stabilizing unstable operating points is an effective way to enhance process benefits and safety, which motivates the development for a variety of advanced control strategies. The washout filter-aided controller(WFC), originally used for electric power system and aircraft, has been introduced to adjust the dynamic behavior of chemical process. However, the parameter tuning method faces two major limitations: the dimension of operating variables must be equal to or greater than that of state variables and only one positive real eigenvalue exists in the open loop system. To overcome the two limitations, this paper proposes a new parameter tuning method, so that the WFC is applicable in most chemical processes. By solving a constrained optimization problem, the controller parameters are determined under the constraint that the reassignment of the eigenvalues of the unstable desired operating point can satisfy the stability condition. Thus parts of the equilibrium manifold including the desired operating point are stabilized without affecting the shape of the equilibrium manifold. Finally, the effectiveness of the WFC improved by the proposed parameter tuning method is illustrated through a case study for propanediol anaerobic fermentation.

Evaluation Method for Coordinated Development of Renewable Energy and Smart Grids

Modern power systems are typically characterized with renewable energies and smart grids.Their developments should be kept at a compatible pace with each other.According to the different structures of the power industry,such as generation,transmission,distribution,consumption and dispatching,a comprehensive evaluation system for coordinated development of renewable energy and smart grid in"3 levels,4 sections,15 targets"is created.The index system of coordinated development is important to determine the priorities and key areas in smart grids and renewable energies.By the index system of coordinated development,this paper evaluates the status of renewable energy and grid development,and their degree of coordination in China.A quantitative evaluation method to determine the level of coordination between China's renewable energies and smart grids is developed.The total and component coordination levels in China are calculated by an analytic hierarchy process.In conclusion,the degree of coordination in transmission and dispatching is higher, but the extent of electricity consumption is lowest.Therefore,the consumption section should be the first to develop within China.

The time discretization in classes of integro-differential equations with completely monotonic kernels:Weighted asymptotic stability

We study discretization in classes of integro-differential equationswhere the functions aj（t）, 1 ≤ j ≤n, are completely monotonic on （0, ∞） and locally integrable, but not constant. The equations are discretized using the backward Euler method in combination with order one convolution quadrature for the memory term. The stability properties of the discretization are derived in the weighted 11 （p; 0, ∞） norm, where p is a given weight function. Applications to the weighted l^1 stability of the numerical solutions of a related equation in Hilbert space are given.

Quality-control method for the determination of biological activity of engineered calcineurin subunit B

The aim of this study was to establish a quality-control method for calcineurin subunit B(CNB) biological activity determinations. CNB enhances the p-nitrophenylphosphate(p NPP) dephosphorylating activity of calcineurin subunit A Δ316 mutant(CNAΔ316). A series of CNB concentrations were fitted to a four-parameter equation to calculate the corresponding p NPP maximum dephosphorylation rates. Values were calculated based on biological activity references using a parallel line method. The method was then validated for accuracy, precision, linearity, linear range, sensitivity, specificity, and robustness. The recovery results were greater than 98%. Intra-plate precision was 6.7%, with inter-plate precision of 10.8%. The coefficient of determination was greater than 0.98. The linear range was 0.05–50 μg m L?1, with sensitivity of 50 μg m L?1. Tested cytokines did not induce CNAΔ316 dephosphorylation of p NPP. The chosen CNAΔ316 concentration range did not affect activity determinations.