宜水河数字孪生平台建设方案概述

本文简要介绍了江西某县宜水数字孪生平台建设方案,结合宜水流域现状和水利信息化建设情况,充分运用物联网、数字孪生、大数据、云计算、人工智能等新已代信息技术,建立全要素真实感知的宜水数字孪生流域,支撑河湖管护能力强化、防洪“四预”能力实现、水资源调配优化、幸福河湖成果展示和专项水利业务智慧应用等目标达成。

Study on the combination ability and stability of rice restore line Yihui1577

Yihui1577 was bred after over 10 generations by crossing R16 and Yunan purple rice. Many new hybrid rice varieties have been bred with Yihui1577, of which Gangyou1577. Ilyou1577, Nyou1577 and Yixiang1577 were certified by Sichuan Crop Variety Release Committee, Gangyou1577 and Yixiang1577 were certified by National Crop Variety Release Committee. The series varieties bred with Yihui1577 have been used widely with accumulated area of 1,200,000 ha. By using Yihui1577 as breeding material, an excellent restore line Yihui3003 and some other restore lines, such as Yihui1979 and Yihui315 with good quality and combination ability have been bred. Analysis of combination ability and stability of restore line Yihui1577 was made by using agricultural experimentation and statistical approach. The combination ability analysis was made by not complete dual crossing method with 4 CMS lines and 6 restorer lines. It shows that the general combination ability effect value of Yihui1577 is 0.226, while Minghui63 is -0.113. So the general combination ability of Yihui1577 is prior to that of Minghui63. Stability analysis shows that the F value of Gangyou1577 is 1.81378, while Sanyou63 is 1.40327, both doesn＇t reach significant level. So Gangyou1577 has the same stability as Sanyou63.The same conclusion is got in the stability analysis of the breeds of II you 1577, Yixiang1577, Nyou 1577 and so on.

Habitat evaluation for target species following deep-water channel project in the Yangtze River

In order to optimize the design of a 12.5 m deepwater channel project and protect the ecological environment, it is necessary to study the habitat evaluation of species in the engineered area. A coupled eco-hydrodynamic model, which combines a hydrodynamic model （ADCIRC） and a habitat suitability index （HSI） model is developed for target fish （Coilia nasus） and benthos （Corbicula fluminea） in the Yangtze River in order to predict the ecological changes and optimize the regulation scheme. Based on the existing research concerning the characteristics of Coilia nasus and Corbicula fluminea, the relationship between the target species and water environment factors is established. The verification results of tidal level, velocity and biological density show that the proposed coupling model performs well when predicting ecological suitability in the studied region. The results indicate a slight improvement in the potential habitat availability for the two species studied as the natural hydraulic conditions change after the deep-water channel regulation works.

Evaluation of suitability area by ground source heat pump system in Baotou plain

According to the elements of hydrogeological conditions,lithology,stratigraphic thermal physical parameters,construction technology and economic rational elements,the evaluation system of ground source heat pump( GSHP) were established in Baotou plain. The factor weights were determined by using analytic hierarchy process,and the comprehensive element method was selected to evaluate the region suitability of GSHP system. The results show that the suitable area is 559. 63 km2 for utilizing GSHP in the studied area,accounting for 62. 58% of the total area; while the unsuitable area is 334. 60 km2,accounting for37.42%. The evaluating results can provide not only a scientific basis for development and utilization rationally of shallow geothermal heat in Baotou,but also offer an important reference to the other areas.

Study on agricultural structure and non-point source pollution: a case in Dapu Town of Yixing City

The water body of Taihu Lake has been eutrophicated because of area-source pollution. 83% of the total nitrogen and 84% of the total phosphorus of the pollutant that have washed into Taihu Lake originated from the fertilizer of crop land, rural animal husbandry and living sewage and rubbish in rural area. The goal of adjusting agricultural structure is to improve agricultural development, and to increase the peasants＇ income by planting non-grain crop, centralizing animal husbandry, and intensifying aquaculture, etc. It is necessary to research on the influences of agriculture industrial structure on area-source pollution. This paper studies a case of Dapu Town in Yixing City, which is a typical drainage place beside Taihu Lake. On the basis of the analysis on the status quo of area-source pollution and agriculture industrial structure in Dapu Town, the conflicts between them are discussed. Non-grain crop production with a great deal of fertilizer and developing aquaculture with a great deal of organic pollutant, which are directly discharged, make area-source pollution more serious and accelerate the eutrophication in Taihu Lake. This paper suggests taking corresponding technological measures and policies, which have been tested in Dapu Town and demonstrated in Taih, Lake area.

Risk Perceptions and Willingness to Pay for Organic Fresh Chicken in Argentina

This paper aims to calculate Argentinean consumers＇ willingness to pay （WTP） for organic fresh chicken in the domestic market, by applying the Contingent Valuation approach and with a view to providing some useful insights for promoting organic chicken production and consumption in Argentina. A binomial logit model was estimated using data from a consumer survey conducted in Buenos Aires City, Argentina. Willingness to pay is explained by the consumption of organic products, health risk perceptions, concerns about production processes and also regulation issues, and label reading. The WTP calculation reveals a mean value of 21.4%/kg and a median value of 19%/kg. These results indicate that organic chicken is positively valued by consumers. In fact, it provides the nutritional and product origin information that buyers require and they consider it a safer option than conventional chicken.

Precipitation and Rainwater pH Spatial Distribution in Bahia Blanca and Tandil, Argentina

While the occurrence of rainfall is a regional scale phenomenon, cities influence on precipitation spatial distribution patterns and their characteristics. These influences had been studied for a very long time especially in the Northern Hemisphere. Tandil and Bahia Blanca are middle cities of Argentina located in the south of Buenos Aires province. Both present continental template climate. The aim of this research is to analyze the spatial distribution patterns of precipitation and the rainwater pH values for the period October 2010-September 2011 in Tandil and Bahia Blanca. Gauge rain nets were installed in both cities. In each event of precipitation, amount and pH values were collected. Isohyets plotting were included in the thematic cartography that was made using ArcGis 9.3~ software. Although natural rains are generally considered as being weakly acid, the rainwater pH measurements demonstrated that in both cities the rain is alkaline. Regarding to the spatial distribution of the precipitation amounts, the isohyets of the annual records showed that the highest values were registered in areas of higher elevation while the lowest values were presented in both cities downtown, where the high buildings are concentrated.

Impacts of Climate Change and Human Activities on Water Suitability in the Upper and Middle Reaches of the Tao'er River Area

Due to the impact of climate change and human activities, the upper and middle reaches of the Tao＇er River have become an ecologically sensitive area in Northeast China. It is important to evaluate the contributions of climate change and human activities to water suitability in the Tao＇er River area. From the perspective of water and heat balance, the water suitability index （Cr） was used to analyze the water suitability of the upper and middle reaches of the river. The nonparametric Mann-Kendall, moving t-test and cumulative anomaly methods were used to detect abrupt changes in Taonan station runoff from 1961 to 2012. Three inflexion years were detected. Thus, the entire time period was divided into four periods： 1961-1974, 1975-1983, 1984-1998, and 1999-2012. In order to estimate the impacts of climate change and human activities on runoff, the slope change ratio of cumulative quan- tity （SCRCQ） was adopted. Finally, the contribution of climate change and human activity to Cr was transformed from the contribution of climate change and human activity to runoff by the sensitivity coefficient method and SCIRCQ method. The results showed that the water suitability index （cr） had a decreasing trend 1961-2012. Fac- tors influencing cr, such as net radiation and runoff, also exhibited a decreasing trend, while precipitation exhibited an increasing trend over the past 52 years. The trends of Cr, net radiation and runoff were obvious, which passed the Mann-kendall test of significance at a=0.05. Human activities were the main factors that affected runoff, al- though the degree of impact was different at different times. During the past 52 years, the biggest contributor to the change in Cr was precipitation.

Suitability mapping of global wetland areas and validation with remotely sensed data

With increasing urbanization and agricultural expansion, large tracts of wetlands have been either disturbed or converted to other uses. To protect wetlands, accurate distribution maps are needed. However, because of the dramatic diversity of wetlands and difficulties in field work, wetland mapping on a large spatial scale is very difficult to do. Until recently there were only a few high resolution global wetland distribution datasets developed for wetland protection and restoration. In this paper, we used hydrologic and climatic variables in combination with Compound Topographic Index （CTI） data in modeling the average annual water table depth at 30 arc-second grids over the continental areas of the world except for Antarctica. The water table depth data were modeled without considering influences of anthropogenic activities. We adopted a relationship between poten- tial wetland distribution and water table depth to develop the global wetland suitability distribution dataset. The modeling re- suits showed that the total area of global wetland reached 3.316× 10^7 km^2. Remote-sensing-based validation based on a compi- lation of wetland areas from multiple sources indicates that the overall accuracy of our product is 83.7%. This result can be used as the basis for mapping the actual global wetland distribution. Because the modeling process did not account for the im- pact of anthropogenic water management such as irrigation and reservoir construction over suitable wetland areas, our result represents the upper bound of wetland areas when compared with some other global wetland datasets. Our method requires relatively fewer datasets and has a higher accuracy than a recently developed global wetland dataset.

Suitability Evaluation for the Construction of Decentralized Wastewater Reclamation Facilities in Beijing

水资源的缺乏使越来越多的城市和城区开始使用中水作为额外的经济合理的供水水源,并为此制定相应政策。然而,不适宜的中水利用政策往往对用水户使用再生水产生不利影响。本研究目的在于评价中水设施建设适宜性并分析不同行业的中水利用适宜情况,为制定或修订中水利用政策提供参考。本研究以北京市为研究区,在中水生产成本影响因素分析基础上,得到了中水设施建设限制因素和中水设施建设适宜条件,并对北京市机关、高校、饭店的用水户进行了适宜性评价。本研究结果表明,运行水量对中水生产成本有决定性影响。有效原水量对应的给水量、有效中水需求量、建筑面积适合作为中水设施建设影响因素,它们的下限可作为中水设施建设适宜条件。本研究通过分析北京市部分机关、高校、饭店用水户的用水情况,得到这些行业的中水设施建设适宜条件,并用于适宜性评价。评价结果表明,大部分机关用水户和大部分一、二星级饭店不适宜建设中水设施,而大部分高校和大部分三星级以上饭店适宜建设中水设施。

High-resolution urban land-cover mapping and landscape analysis of the 42 major cities in China using ZY-3 satellite images

Detailed and precise urban land-cover maps are crucial for urban-related studies. However, there are limited ways of mapping high-resolution urban land cover over large areas. In this paper, we propose an operational framework to map urban land cover on the basis of Ziyuan-3 satellite images. Based on this framework, we produced the first high-resolution(2 m) urban land-cover map(Hi-ULCM) covering the 42 major cities of China. The overall accuracy of the Hi-ULCM dataset is 88.55%, of which 14 cities have an overall accuracy of over 90%. Most of the producer’s accuracies and user’s accuracies of the land-cover classes exceed 85%. We further conducted a landscape pattern analysis in the 42 cities based on Hi-ULCM. In terms of the comparison between the 42 cities in China, we found that the difference in the land-cover composition of urban areas is related to the climatic characteristics and urbanization levels, e.g., cities with warm climates generally have higher proportions of green spaces. It is also interesting to find that cities with higher urbanization levels are more habitable, in general. From the landscape viewpoint, the geometric complexity of the landscape increases with the urbanization level.Compared with the existing medium-resolution land-cover/use datasets(at a 30-m resolution), HiULCM represents a significant advance in accurately depicting the detailed land-cover footprint within the urban areas of China, and will be of great use for studies of urban ecosystems.

Field body temperature and thermal preference of the big-headed turtle Platysternon megacephalum

The big-headed turtle Platysternon megacephalum is a stream-dwelling species whose ecology is poorly known. We carried out field and laboratory investigations to determine field body temperatures and thermal preference of this species. In the field, the body temperatures of the turtles conformed to the water temperature, with little diel variation in either summer or au- tumn. Over the diel cycle, the mean body temperatures ranged from 20.8℃ to 22.2℃ in summer and from 19.3℃ to 21.2℃ in autumn; the highest body temperatures ranged from 22.1℃ to 25.0℃ in summer and from 20.6℃ to 23.8℃ in autumn. In the laboratory, the preferred body temperature （Tp） was 25.3℃ Food intake was maximized at 24.0℃, whereas locomotor perfor- mance peaked at 30.0℃. Consequently, Tp was closer to the thermal optimum for food intake than for locomotion. Therefore, this freshwater turtle has relative low field body temperatures corresponding to its thermal environment. In addition, the turtle prefers low temperatures and has a low optimal temperature for food intake [Current Zoology 59 （5）： 626-632, 20＇13].