固表实卫治疗“肺气虚证”的实验研究

以"肺合皮毛"实质为中心,应用固表实卫(即固护肌表,充实卫气)的原理,在"肺气虚证"SD大白鼠身上给予小青龙汤加减方,测定SD大白鼠皮毛中微量元素,血浆环磷酸腺苷、环磷酸鸟苷的改变,结果示小青龙加减方能改善肺气虚证大白鼠症状,提高大白鼠皮毛中锌、铁、钙、镁、硅等的含量,升高血液中CAMP含量,降低cGMP含量,此结果为"肺合皮毛"理论提供科学依据。

明清卫所六房初探

卫所房科设置上,明代卫经历司之下除设有吏、户、礼、兵、刑、工六房外,还有粮房,除恩军科外,还有兵马科、马科和承发科。卫六房设有令史与典史两种吏役,令史一般设两名,典吏数目不一,两名令史分管吏户礼三房和兵刑工三房,典史则出现兼领两房的情况。入清以后,经历司大规模裁撤,卫六房在史料中难得一见,但这并不意味着卫六房退出卫之行政,其在日常行政中仍发挥作用。六房设置导致的卫所行政结构类州县化,或是清人借侨州郡县之实土概念称卫所的缘由之一。

GPS VEHICLE NAVIGATION SYSTEM

This paper introduces the GPS intelligent vehicle navigation system (IVNS). This system can be widely applied to the urban fields, inter province and inter state transport which, as a part of intelligent transport systems(ITS), would contribute toward improving troublesome driving conditions on driver′s benefits. The paper discuss as two key techniques: city geographical information system(GIS), real time correction of the deviation.

Needs assessment and expectations regarding evidence-based practice knowledge acquisition and training activities:A cross-sectional study of healthcare personnel in China

Objectives Evidence-based healthcare contributes to the improvement of healthcare quality and informs healthcare decision-making.The provision of timely high-quality evidence is always required to fulfil the ever-changing needs and expectations of healthcare personnel.This study aimed to assess the needs and expectations of healthcare personnel regarding evidence-based healthcare in China.Methods We conducted a cross-sectional online survey from December 8,2020 to January 15,2021 involving 901 participants across China.Healthcare providers,policy makers,researchers and educators,and full-time postgraduate medical and nursing students working/living in China were eligible to participate.A self-developed questionnaire was used.Results Participants generally agreed that health-related research evidence was beneficial.Evidence-based resources,such as Cochrane resources,were only known or used by about half of the respondents due to difficulties related to availability and accessibility.Various types of resources,topics of evidence,and themes of workshops were of particular interest to most of the participants.Conclusions The dissemination and translation of evidence,provision of more support in evidence availability,offering evidence-based training,and determining the most in-demand research areas have been identified as priority areas of work which could fulfil the needs and expectations of healthcare personnel in China.

Real-Time Implementation for Reduced-Complexity LDPC Decoder in Satellite Communication

In this paper,it has proposed a realtime implementation of low-density paritycheck(LDPC) decoder with less complexity used for satellite communication on FPGA platform.By adopting a(2048.4096)irregular quasi-cyclic(QC) LDPC code,the proposed partly parallel decoding structure balances the complexity between the check node unit(CNU) and the variable node unit(VNU) based on min-sum(MS) algorithm,thereby achieving less Slice resources and superior clock performance.Moreover,as a lookup table(LUT) is utilized in this paper to search the node message stored in timeshare memory unit,it is simple to reuse and save large amount of storage resources.The implementation results on Xilinx FPGA chip illustrate that,compared with conventional structure,the proposed scheme can achieve at last 28.6%and 8%cost reduction in RAM and Slice respectively.The clock frequency is also increased to 280 MHz without decoding performance deterioration and convergence speed reduction.

Development of two microsatellite multiplex PCR systems for high throughput genotyping in Populus euphratica

Eighteen microsatellite primer pairs previously developed at Oak Ridge National Laboratory for Populus tremuloides Michx. and Populus trichocarpa Tort. ＆ Gray were screened for amplification in Euphrates poplar, Populus euphratica Oliv. Thirteen loci were found to express polymorphisms ranging from two to 17 alleles. The eight most variable loci were selected to set up and optimize two multiplex polymerase chain reaction （PCR） assays. Three populations containing altogether 436 trees were used to characterize the selected loci and ascertain their applicability for parentage analysis and genotyping studies. Through cross-checking of clonal identity against sex of the genotyped trees we estimated the maximum error rate for merging genotypes to be less than 0.045.

An Experimental Biotelemetric Study Based on Satellite Tracking During Post-nesting Migrations of Green Turtles

A biotelemetry experiment is conducted to study the migrant behavior of green turtles (Chelonia mydas) in South China Sea and acquire the physical environment data. The method in use is to track the post nesting migrant routes of green turtles through the satellite linked transmitters attached on the back of turtles and the global satellite signal transmitting system of Argos. We obtained the positions of the post nesting migrant routes of three green turtles and environment data, which are important in conservation of green turtles and the research of physical oceanography. Based on the test, the concept, principle and method of biotelemetry are also introduced in this paper with a discussion of the further development of this technique and its applying prospection in future.

Coexistence Analysis between 5G System and Fixed- Satellite Service in 3400-3600 MHz

The 3400-3600 MHz band is one of the most important candidate frequency bands for the rollout of 5 G system. However, the coexistence between 5 G system and fixed-satellite service(FSS) in this frequency band is one of the most challenging problems for both academic researchers and industry engineers. In this paper, the saturation interference from 5 G base stations to the existing FSS above 3600 MHz is analyzed and the coexistence solution is achieved, which can reduce the interference and guarantee the coexistence between 5 G system and FSS. Furthermore, the Monte Carlo simulation, laboratory test and field test are carried out to verify the coexistence solution.Results show that an isolation distance of 1-2 km is required to avoid the saturation interference in terms of the adjacent bands scenario.To further reduce the isolation distance to 50 m, additional isolation of 35 dB will be necessary, which can be fulfilled by installing a filter at the input port of LNB from a real implementation perspective.

Idealized cognitive models for students to strengthen the effect of music imagination

If there is no imagination, there is no music appreciation. It should create imaginary world for students in the music classroom teaching practice, and it should foster the students＇ musical imagination. Thus, colleagues can make discussion about strategies proposed including pilot background, context led, screen hygiene conditions and others. We use Cognitive Linguistic Theories to introduce idealized cognitive model and its theoretical basis and the intensified impact on student musical imagination.

Numerical Modeling of Exhaust Smoke Dispersion for a Generic Frigate and Comparisons with Experiments

The exhaust smoke dispersion for a generic frigate is investigated numerically through the numerical solution of the governing fluid flow, energy, species and turbulence equations. The main objective of this work is to obtain the effects of the yaw angle velocity ratio and buoyancy on the dispersion of the exhaust smoke The numerical method is based on the fully conserved control-volume representation of the fully elliptic Navier-Stokes equations. Turbulence is modeled using a two-equation （k-ε） model The flow visualization tests using a 1/100 scale model of the frigate in the wind tunnel were also carried out to determine the exhaust plume path and to validatc the computational results. The results show that down wash phenomena occurs for the yaw angles between ψ=10° and 20°. The results with different exhaust gas temperatures show that the buoyancy effect increases with the increasing of the exhaust gas temperature. However, its effect on the plume rise is less significant in comparison with its momentum. A good agreement between the predictions and experiment results is obtained.

Preliminary Experimental Analysis of a CHP Hydromethane System

The aim of this paper is to present the preliminary experimental analysis results carried out on the commercial internal combustion engine set in a CHP （combined heat and power） mode, fueled by renewable hydrogen and methane mixtures. The hydrogen is produced by an alkaline electrolyser fed by a 5.8 kWp grid connected PV （photovoltaic） plant. The acceptance test conducted with hydrogen percentages ranging from 0%-10% has been carried out at partial load： 45 kW^l instead of the full power of 60 kWe~. In order to evaluate the CHP energy consumption and environmental performance （NOx and CO）, the analysis was conducted for 240 h, using a portable flue gas analyser and two mass flow meters for hydrogen and methane. Without engine parameters optimization--relative equivalence ratio （2） and spark advance--increasing hydrogen addition rate, a slight enhancement in electrical efficiency occurs. Furthermore, due to the engine control system and lower blends LHV （lower heating value）, the methane consumption decreases disproportionately to the hydrogen amount in the mixture. Finally, referring to standard operating condition, the environmental results show that using enrichment of 10%, running the engine with 18 degrees spark advance and 2 of 1.4, CO and NOx emissions are reduced by 6.3% and 27% respectively.

Detection of the Pandemic H1N1/2009 Influenza A Virus by a Highly Sensitive Quantitative Real-time Reverse-transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction Assay

A quantitative real time reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction （qRT-PCR） assay with specific primers recommended by the World Health Organization （WHO） has been widely used successfully for detection and monitoring of the pandemic H1N1/2009 influenza A virus. In this study, we report the design and characterization of a novel set of primers to be used in a qRT-PCR assay for detecting the pandemic H1N1/2009 virus. The newly designed primers target three regions that are highly conserved among the hemagglutinin （HA） genes of the pandemic HlN1/2009 viruses and are different from those targeted by the WHO-recommended primers. The qRT-PCR assays with the newly designed primers are highly specific, and as specific as the WHO-recommended primers for detecting pandemic H1N1/2009 viruses and other influenza viruses including influenza B viruses and influenza A viruses of human, swine, and raccoon dog origin. Furthermore, the qRT-PCR assays with the newly designed primers appeared to be at least 10-fold more sensitive than those with the WHO-recommended primers as the detection limits of the assays with our primers and the WHO-recommended primers were 2.5 and 25 copies of target RNA per reaction, respectively. When tested with 83 clinical samples, 32 were detected to be positive using the qRT-PCR assays with our designed primers, while only 25 were positive by the assays with the WHO-recommended primers. These results suggest that the qRT-PCR system with the newly designed primers represent a highly sensitive assay for diagnosis of the pandemic HIN1/2009 virus infection.

Conceptual Proposal of a Facility Design for Accommodating Minipigs for Pharmaceutical and Radiopharmaceutical Research

The use of Animal House Facilities of IPEN-CNEN/SP （Nuclear and Energetic Research Institute-National Nuclear Energy Commission/SP, Brazil） has provided rats and mice with controlled sanitary quality for research and quality control in the production of radiopharmaceuticals lots, produced at IPEN, following rules of CONCEA-Brazilian National Council for Animal Experimentation Control and approved in CEUA （Ethics Committee on the Use of Animals）, before they are sent to hospitals and clinics spread out in Brazil, for use in nuclear medicine. The production and the supply of high quality laboratory animals have fundamental importance for the accomplishment of vanguard scientific research, with reproducibility and universality. The quality of those animals depends, largely, on the available facilities for their production and lodging, to assure the demanded sanitary control and animal＇s welfare, in agreement with the ethical principles that control the activity. Therefore, the facilities design is of vital importance so that the mentioned requirements can be reached. Nevertheless, pigs and miniature pigs have gained importance as large animal models in medicine. With their size, organ capacity, and physiology resembling in several aspects that of humans, pigs are well suited for preclinical experiments and long-term safety studies. Minipigs will be used for preclinical testing of radiopharmaceuticals and assays radioactive materials for cardiac tests. This paper describes the premises and preliminary activities that have been performed at IPEN for the design of new Animal House Facilities dedicated to keeping minipigs taking into account fundamental aspects such as： animal＇s welfare, sanitation, genetic, in agreement with the ethical principles that control the activity and environmental concerns.

Comparison of RFFIT Tests with Different Standard Sera and Testing Procedures

The World Health Organization （WHO） standard assay for determining antibody level is the rapid fluorescent focus inhibition test （RFFIT） and is used to determine the degree of immunity after vaccination against rabies. To compare the difference in RFFIT results between the laboratories of The National Institute of Infectious Disease in Japan （NIID） and the Chinese Centre for Disease Control （CCDC） as well the influence of the choice of standard serum （STD） for the detection, the two laboratories detection methods were simultaneously manipulated by RFFIT. The reference serums used in NIID and the WHO standard serum used in CCDC were compared in the same RFFIT detection to determine the titer of four sera samples C1, Sl, S2 and S4 in parallel, and the titers of the detected sera samples were calculated using the standard formula for neutralizing antibody titer. No significant difference was found in RFFIT methods from the two laboratories and the RFFIT testing procedures of the two laboratories have good consistency. However, different titers were obtained with the tentative internal standard serum （TI-STD） produced by adjusting to 2.0 IU of WHO standard serum in NIID and the WHO STD. The titer determined with the TI-STD was higher than that determined with WHO STD, This difference appears to be significant and requires further investigation

Challenges faced by community health nurses to achieve universal health coverage in Myanmar:A mixed methods study

Objective:This study aimed to identify the challenges of community health nurses(CHNs)in delivering effective community health care to achieve universal health coverage(UHC)in Myanmar.Methods:A total of 30 CHNs from township health centers in the northeastern,southern,and western parts of Myanmar were purposefully recruited for quantitative and qualitative interviews.Quantitative data were processed using Microsoft Excel software,and qualitative data were analyzed using thematic analysis.This study is registered with researchregistry6201.Results:Around the country,30 CHNs uncovered their hardships in implementing primary health care to achieve UHC.Over 90%of the participants agreed to the problem of inadequate health infrastructure,while half of them felt unmotivated when they encountered role conflicts among various cadres of healthcare providers and poor opportunities for career promotion.Major problems arose from the lack of standard professional education at the entry point to community settings because most CHNs did not achieve specialized training in providing public health services.Complications are incapable of evaluating health services for policy-making and the inability to conduct health research to develop evidencebased practices.Insecure work and living conditions,unsupportive community relationships,and undereducation in professional practices were supportive major themes explored by CHNs to achieve a deeper understanding of the barriers to UHC.Not only the health system itself but also the population and other geographical factors have contributed to many challenges to CHNs.Conclusion:Myanmar’s CHNs face many challenges in achieving UHC.These challenges are not confined to the health sector.Some situations,such as geographical barriers and transportation problems,remain persistent challenges for healthcare providers.This study highlights the fact that current health systems should be strengthened by qualified healthcare providers and sufficient infrastructure.Meanwhile,public empowerment plays a critical role in promoting health development.

Application Example of Reinforced Concrete Frame Structure Waste Dam in the Proiect of Valley Sanitary Landfill

waste dam is one of the most important infrastructures in the project of valley sanitary landfill. On one hand, it forms the landfill capacity required. On the other hand, it improves the slope stability of waste body. Consequently, I think it is very significant to maintain the stability of waste dana for the whole sanitary landfill. Combining with a project example, aiming at the special geological conditions, we have made three plans of waste dam structure, calculation and analysis comparison respectively. Reinforced concrete frame waste dam is highlighted in the project for its advantages, smoothly solving the three problems in the engineering.

Freezing Desalination

The solidification of a binary mixture causes allowed thermosolutal convection. Under certain conditions, the separation of its components gives rise to a preferential movement of migration of solutes. The quantity and the concentration of the obtained products depend on the mechanisms of sepa＇,ration which depend on different parameters and the applied boundary conditions. In this way, the freezing of H20-NaC1 mixture makes it possible to obtain a liquid phase which is charged in solute and is called brine and a solid phase which is composed of ice being able to become fresh water, and so it can works as a desalination process. In this paper, a series of experiments of seawater freezing on cold surface is carried out at the laboratory under different operating conditions. During these experiments, the role of each parameter （temperature of crystallization, duration of crystallizat on...） which is able to impact the final composition is focused on. After a preliminary series of experiment, the yield is： improved to reach rates of salt and make it possible to regard the water produced as drinkable according to the standards of WHO （World Health Organization）.

Pharmacovigilance and Toxicovigilance Development in Dentistrv

Patient safety has become a priority for the health system, including dentistry. Several studies showed that health care meant to improve people＇s health is an important source of disease. Good clinical practices aim to maximize effectiveness and therapeutic compliance, minimize risks and costs, respecting the patient＇s choice from generic drugs, also from the moment of prescribing, the supervision of drug-related events must be taken into account, not only on the patient but also in the environment. Pharmacovigilance and pharmacoecovigilance have to be conceived as a clinical practice in dentistry. There is no established culture of drug induced reaction reports by dentists in Uruguay, and awareness of environmental care is incipient. The pharmacy of faculty of dentistry, （Universidad de la Repfiblica）, an institutional project that has been developed since 2006, is in a transformation process. The pharmacovigilance dentistry Node is in full development. The toxicovigilance and pharmacoecovigilance activities are recent. The general aim of this project was to establish the pbarmacovigilance, toxicovigilance and pharmacoecovigilance clinical practice in dentistry. The widespread use of cosmetic as toothpastes, or mouth rinses, drugs and dental materials, as well as exposure to chemical contaminants through the population＇s living habits and the environmental damage caused by drug wastes requires comprehensive and up-to-date information to establish rational strategies.

China's First Space Laboratory Tiangong 2 Was Launched into Space Successfully

A LM-2F launch vehicle lifted off from the Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center at22：04 Beijing time on September 15,putting China’s first space laboratory Tiangong 2 into space.575 seconds after the liftoff,Tiangong 2 separated from the carrier rocket and entered its preset orbit.The launch achieved complete success.

Instantaneous Real-Time Detection Technology of GLI on FY-4 Geostationary Meteorological Satellite

Lightning is a typical example of an instantaneous random point source target. It has close connection with severe convective phenomena such as a thunderstorm, whose distribution, variation, position and forecasting can be acquired through lightning observation. In this paper, we discuss the way to achieve instantaneous lightning signal intensification and detection from geostationary orbit by using the differences between the lightning signal and the slowly changing background noise such as that of cloud, land and ocean, combining three methods, spectral filtering, spatial filtering and background noise, enabling removal between frames. After six months of operation in orbit, lightning within the coverage of the Geostationary Lightning Imager was effectively detected, strongly supporting the case for shorttime and real-time early warning, forecasting and tracking of severe convective phenomena in China.