李鸿章的实学观与早期现代化意识

李鸿章的实学价值取向表现在诸多方面 ,他在客观分析鸦片战争后清政府面临的危机的基础上 ,主张以实力为基础处理中外关系 ,尤应注重发展经济 ,抵制列强经济侵略 ,并提出务实的教育改革措施。实学观念成为其早期现代化意识萌发的媒介 ,他的早期现代化意识涉及军事现代化、工业化、外交观念现代化、教育现代化等问题。

李鸿章的实学观与早期现代化意识

李鸿章的实学价值取向表现在诸多方面。他客观分析鸦片战争后清政府的危机 ,主张以实力为基础处理中外关系 ,注重发展经济 ,抵制列强经济侵略 ,提出务实的教育改革措施 ,实学观念成其为早期现代化意识萌发的媒体。他的早期现代化意识涉及军事现代化、工业化、外交观念现代化。

论新社会主义观——谈“什么是社会主义”和“如何认识社会主义”问题

社会主义理论常说常新常热。近80年来,人们对社会主义的认识沿着一条途径,那就是根据现实状况判定是或不是社会主义,可称之为“实学社会主义观”。由于现状常变,这种社会主义观也就难以说清什么是社会主义。需要解决“如何认识社会主义”的问题,才能回答“什么是社会主义”的问题。新社会主义观,是从基础理论入手,构建新的理论框架;以此立论,系统地阐明社会主义的一系列问题,由此开辟认识社会主义的一条新途径。可称之为“理学社会主义观”。两种社会主义观相互补充,并非相互代替。

两种“实学”的相遇与江户日本的“去中华”由绪

中国传统"实学"与"兰学""洋学"遭遇于日本后,在江户思想界酿成了道理与物理的碰撞和冲突。其次第展开的系列对立,形式上肇端于医药领域,本质上激荡于"脱儒"和"去中华"情结,为明治日本的"脱亚论"构筑了事实与思想前提。

中国实学研究会简介

实学是中国古代的一种以“实事求是”为宗旨，以“经世致用”为主要内容的思想学说。中国古代的实学家提倡以“实心”、“实理”办“实事”，反对照搬书本，空谈“玄理”，不务实际。古代的实学观念虽然已经成为历史，但它的元典精神仍深深扎根于中国人的文化心理结构之中，是我们实事求是地研究社会发展状况，推进改革开放事业的锐利思想武器。毛泽东、邓小平等人提倡的“实事求是”理论，习近平主席倡导的“三严三实”作风都与古代实学有着紧密的联系。

PROGRESS OF MARINE METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATION EXPERIMENT AT MAOMING OF SOUTH CHINA

The coastal area of southern China is frequently affected by marine meteorological disasters,and is also one of the key areas that influence the short-term climate change of China.Due to a lack of observational facilities and techniques,little has been done in this area in terms of operational weather monitoring and scientific research on atmospheric and marine environment.With the support of China Meteorological Administration (CMA) and Guangdong Meteorological Bureau (GMB),the Marine Meteorological Science Experiment Base (MMSEB) at Bohe,Maoming has been jointly established by Guangzhou Institute of Tropical and Marine Meteorology (GITMM) and Maoming Meteorological Bureau (MMB) of Guangdong Province after three years of hard work.It has become an integrated coastal observation base that is equipped with a complete set of sophisticated instruments.Equipment maintenance and data quality control procedures have been implemented to ensure the long-term,steady operation of the instruments and the availability of high quality data.Preliminary observations show that the data obtained by the MMSEB reveal many interesting features in the boundary layer structure and air-sea interaction in such disastrous weather as typhoons and sea fog.The MMSEB is expected to play an important role in the scientific research of disastrous weather related to marine meteorology.

Longitudinal Magnetoresistance and ＂Chirar＇ Coupling in Silver Chalcogenides

A complex longitudinal magnetoresistance （MR//） effect in the non-stoichiometric silver chaJcogenides （include the silver selenide and telluride） has been found, however the mechanism for the MR// effect is not clear now. In this work, a new random resistor network for MR// effect is proposed based on the experimental observation. The network is constructed from six-terminal resistor units and the mobility of carries within the network has a Gaussian distribution. Considering the non-zero transverse-longitudinal coupling in materials, the resistance matrix of the six- terminal resistor unit is modified. It is found that the material has the ＂chiral＂ transverse-longitudinal couplings, which is suggested a main reason for the complex MR//effect. The model predictions are compared with the experimental results. A three dimension （3D） visualization of current flow within the network demonstrates the ＂current jets＂ phenomenon in the thickness of materials dearly.

Subjectivity Versus Objectivity in Teaching Foreign Language

In this paper we propose to discuss the issue of subjectivity versus objectivity teaching practice of foreign language, especially English, in Brazil. Starting from the short story ＂The Parrot and Descartes＂ by Pauline Melville, we argue that Cartesianism has influenced a view on education which tends to consider good and valuable what is ＂scientific＂, ＂objective＂ and ＂universal＂. The subjective and the local seem to be considered undesirable and unreliable. Brazilian scholars on the education field, such as Coracini and Souza are important support for our argument.

Mesomechanical simulation of direct shear test on outwash deposits with granular discrete element method

The mechanical properties of outwash deposits which are taken as unconsolidated geo-materials with the characteristics of non-uniformity, heterogeneity and multiphase have attracted much attention in engineering. According to the results of laboratory direct shear test on the remolded samples, the soil particle parameters of numerical model based on in-situ particle size cumulative curves and 3D granular discrete element method were determined. Then, numerical experiments on different lithology, stone content and gradation composition were conducted. The results show that it is not a flat surface but a shear band that yields in the sample. The curve of particle velocity vs distance from the designed shear surface of test model that is taken as a datum plane in the vertical section of sample shows in "S" shape. The shear disturbance area is about twice the maximum diameter of stone blocks. The greater the stiffness of stone is, the rougher the shear surface is. The shear strength of outwash deposits is largely controlled by lithology and stone content, and the bite force between stone blocks is the root reason of larger friction angle. It is also shown that strain hardening and low shear dilatancy occur under high confining pressure as well as possibility of shear shrinkage. But it is easy to behave shear dilatation and strain softening under low confining pressure. The relationship between particle frictional coefficient and stone content presents an approximately quadratic parabola increase. The strain energy first increases and then drops with the increase of frictional energy. The cohesion increases with soil stiffness increasing but decreases with stone stiffness increasing. Numerical results are consistent with the laboratory test results of remolded samples, which indicate that this method can be a beneficial supplement to determine the parameters of engineering deposit bodies.

Multiphoton microscopy:An introduction to gastroenterologists

Multiphoton microscopy, relying on the simultaneous absorption of two or more photons by a fluorophore, has come to occupy a prominent place in modern biomedical research with its ability to allow real-time observation of a single cell and molecules in intact tissues. Multiphoton microscopy exhibits nonlinear optical contrast properties, which can make it possible to provide an exceptionally large depth penetration with less phototoxicity. This system becomes more and more an inspiring tool for a non-invasive imaging system to realize "optical biopsy" and to examine the functions of living cells. In this review, we briefly present the physical principles and properties of multiphoton microscopy as well as the current applications in biological fields. In addition, we address what we see as the future potential of multiphoton microscopy for gastroenterologic research.

Effect of probiotics on growth performance, development of small intestinal tract and microbial populations in broilers

The experiment was conducted using a total of 1392 one-day-old, Cobb commercial male broilers to investigate the effects of a commercial probiotic addition in diet on growth, the development of the small intestine and microbial populations of broilers. Broilers were randomly allotted by BW to 1 of 6 replicate cages （29 chicks per cage） for each of 8 treatments in a randomized block design involving one factorial arrangement of treatments. Dietary treatments included the basal diet （including corn, soybean, rapeseed, cottonseed meal） added with 100 mg/kg antibiotic, 0%, 0.05%, 0.1%, 0.15%, 0.2%, 0.25% or 0.3%. The experiment last 42 d and divided into the starter period （1-21 d） and the finisher period （22-42 d）. The results showed that there were significant differences in broiler body weight （BW） （P〈0.001）, average daily feed intake （ADFI） （P=0.033）, relative length of the duodenum （P〈0.001）, jejunum （P=0.008）, ileum （P〈0.001） and the populations of lactobacillus （P〈0.001） and coliform （P〈0.001） in the rectum between the probiotics treatments and the control treatment only in the starter period of the trails. No significant differences were observed in intestinal morphology parameters in two periods of the experiment. Our results indicated that the probiotic was able to improve the performance of broiler chickens, and it was better in the starter period to be used than in the finisher period.

Plato as ＂Idealist,＇ and Aristotle as ＂Realist＂ （？） -Reflecting the idea and the ousia in View of Comparative Philosophy

One can see often in explanations of encyclopedia or lexicons of philosophy that Plato manifested primarily the absolute Idealism, whereas Aristotle verified antagonistically the relevance of realism. It is easy to pick up several parts of their representative works and prove that this thesis is corresponded to the original of Plato and Aristotle. But, in reflections of philosophy, we should not ignore a cautious view, focused just on this starting point： If the above mentioned thesis is used like a slogan, ＂Plato for idealism, Aristotle for realism,＂ as it often is, in the meantime there arises a dogmatic position which fixes our mental and intellectual activity only within the frame, so that everyone begins to reflect on Plato or Aristotle from that starting point in a certain framework. A critical and self-critical view of philosophy may bring this position for a query.

Future and Scientific Conception of the World without Philosophy？

Often conceived as metaphysical approach, in the XX Century, philosophy is object of a crusade antimetaphysical in the movement of Logical Positivism. I will try to demonstrate that a philosophical perspective is conceivable even in the scientific conception of the world elaborated by the neopositivists. I discuss this point of view with attention to the turn represented by pragmatic philosophy of Neurath, which represents a crucial passage for the future of philosophy. In this vision, the science is not conceivable without philosophy, namely without an open and pluralist scientific philosophy. The philosophy--so--is not insufficient too for the perspective of scientific conception of the world.

Accurate level set method for simulations of liquid atomization

Computational fluid dynamics is an efficient numerical approach for spray atomization study, but it is challenging to accurately capture the gas-liquid interface. In this work, an accurate conservative level set method is intro- duced to accurately track the gas-liquid interfaces in liquid atomization. To validate the capability of this method, binary drop collision and drop impacting on liquid film are investigated. The results are in good agreement with experiment observations. In addition, primary atomization （swirling sheet atomization） is studied using this method. To the swirling sheet atomization, it is found that Rayleigh-Taylor instability in the azimuthal direction causes the primary breakup of liquid sheet and complex vortex structures are clustered around the rim of the liq- uid sheet. The effects of central gas velocity and liquid-gas density ratio on atomization are also investigated. This work lays a solid foundation for further studvin~ the mechanism of s^rav atomization.

A Brief View of Practice Ontology Aesthetics in the Context of Contemporary China

In recent years, Practice Ontology Aesthetics takes shape in academic discussion and argument. The introduction of Practice Ontology Aesthetics occurred in the course of introspection of Practice Aesthetics in modem China, in which the existence dimension in Marxist concept of practice was of great significance to breaking the theoretical limitation of present Practice Aesthetics. Therefore, in terms of the distinctive context of Chinese contemporary aesthetics, the introduction of Practice Ontology Aesthetics from the theoretical perspective of Marxist existentialism offers a possible way to break the current aesthetics and represents a multiple academic pursuit of Marxist, Chinese and modem aesthetics.

EFFECTS OF ACUPUNCTURE ON THE PITUITARYTHYROID AXIS IN RABBITS WITH FRACTURE

PURPOSE: To observe the effects of acupuncture on the pituitary-thyroid axis in rabbits with fracture. METHOD: 36 male rabbits with a 3-mm width experimental defect in the middle segment of the left radius were randomly divided into the treatment group and control group, and the changes in serum T3, T4 and TSH contents in different weeks were investigated. RESULTS: Serum T3, T4 and TSH contents in the treatment group all were higher than those in the control group, with statistically significant differences in the contents of T4 and TSH in the second week and T3 content in the fourth week (P

The Potentially Dangerous Asteroid （99942） Apophis

This paper computed the newest impact solutions of the potentially dangerous asteroid （99942） Apophis based on 4,138 optical observations from March 15.10789 UTC （Universal Time Coordinated）, 2004 to February 28.089569 UTC, 2014 and 20 radar observations from January 27, 2005 through March 15, 2013, as of June 20, 2014. Using the freely available the OrbFit software Package, this paper followed its orbit forward in the searching for close approaches with the Earth and possible impacts up to year 2116. With the different A2 non-gravitational parameter in the motion of the asteroid （99942） Apophis, this paper computed possible impact solutions using the JPL DE405 （Jet Propulsion Laboratory Development Ephemeris） and 25 additional massive perturbed asteroids. Additionally, this paper used weighing and selection methods adopted in the OrbFit software as prepared by the NEODyS （Near Earth Objects--Dynamical Side） Team. Moreover, this paper used method of computing the orbit of Apophis taking into account star catalog debiasing and an error model with assumed astrometric errors RMS （root mean square）, deduced from the observational material of the given observatories. JPL＇s Sentry and NEODyS＇s CLOMMON2, two automatic monitoring systems routinely scanning for possible impacts in the next hundred years. Only for several dangerous asteroids presented results are computed with the non-gravitational parameters. This paper detected possible impacts of the asteroid （99942） Apophis only with the non-gravitational parameter, A2 〉 0. It was appeared that impacts in 2068, 2087, 2105 and in 2111 were possible only when Apophis rotated in prograde direction.

Mechanical heterogeneity characterization of coal materials based on nano-indentation experiments

To investigate the complex macro-mechanical properties of coal from a micro-mechanical perspective,we have conducted a series of micro-mechanical experiments on coal using a nano-indentation instrument.These experiments were conducted under both dynamic and static loading conditions,allowing us to gather the micro-mechanical parameters of coal for further analysis of its micro-mechanical heterogeneity using the box counting statistical method and the Weibull model.The research findings indicate that the load–displacement curves of the coal mass under the two different loading modes exhibit noticeable discreteness.This can be attributed to the stress concentration phenomenon caused by variations in the mechanical properties of the micro-units during the loading process of the coal mass.Consequently,there are significant fluctuations in the micro-mechanical parameters of the coal mass.Moreover,the mechanical heterogeneity of the coal at the nanoscale was confirmed based on the calculation results of the standard deviation coefficient and Weibull modulus of the coal body’s micromechanical parameters.These results reveal the influence of microstructural defects and minerals on the uniformity of the stress field distribution within the loaded coal body,as well as on the ductility characteristics of the micro-defect structure.Furthermore,there is a pronounced heterogeneity in the micromechanical parameters.Furthermore,we have established a relationship between the macro and micro elastic modulus of coal by applying the Mori-Tanaka homogenization method.This relationship holds great significance for revealing the micro-mechanical failure mechanism of coal.

The threshold effect of the urban-rural income disparity on real economic growth in China

Given China＇s dual urban-rural structure, this paper employs the Theil index for measuring and depicting China＇s urban-rural income disparity and its characteristics. Furthermore, this paper specifies a nonlinear threshold cointegration model to reveals a nonlinear relationship between the urban-rural income gap and real economic growth over a long period since reform and opening up in China. Our results show that the regime switch of the long-term nonlinear threshold relationship takes place at the 0.100 （threshold value） of the Theil index. From 1978 to 1991, the long-term effect of the urban- rural income disparity on China＇s economic growth was positive; between 1992 and 1999, there was a smooth transition to a negative effect; and from 1999 on, the negative effect has been increasing year by year. Income disparity now has the effect of retarding China＇s real economic growth.