发动机可变气门正时阀的微分先行的PID控制算法

为优化发动机可变气门正时(VVT)阀原有的控制,提出了微分先行的比例积分微分(PID)控制算法。分析了VVT阀的工作原理与机械结构,测定了VVT阀的关键参数。建立了数学模型与Simulink仿真模型,借助于Matlab/Simulink平台。用实机平台与仿真平台,验证所提出的控制算法。结果表明:在VVT阀控制中,面对目标期望值的波动,与传统PID算法相比,在阶跃测试时,微分先行PID算法超调量降低0.8%,静态误差降低0.15%;在追踪测试时,其超调量降低1%,静态误差降低0.15%。因此,本算法完成了对VVT阀的优化控制。

牵引电动机吹风除尘方法研究

JR东日本铁路公司延长牵引电动机维护周期后,为确立不落轮中间吹风除尘的方法,进行了反复实机试验和FEM流体仿真分析。基于仿真分析结果,并经过实机试验验证,确立了吹风除尘的最佳方法。

木材抓具抓取安全性的分析研究

面对南方桉树人工林归楞作业所设计的木材抓具在进行木材抓取时,为保证抓具能够安全可靠的抓紧和提升木材,需对其进行木材抓取时的安全性进行分析论证。在进行木材抓取时,木材抓紧阶段木材受力是否封闭和木材提升阶段木材倾覆角是否合理是评价木材抓具抓取安全性的两个最关键指标。在木材抓紧阶段,对于单根木材,用公共摩擦锥证明了单根木材的三点夹持力封闭;对于木材整体,用三维空间夹持力封闭三条件证明了木材整体夹持力封闭。在木材提升阶段,通过对两种不同抓取位置的木材进行受力分析,得出在木材提升阶段木材重心在抓具外为一种危险工况。并根据危险工况下抓具的力学形变、各形变之间满足的几何关系及木材受力平衡等条件对提升阶段进行了力平衡建模。根据所建模型,在理论上分析讨论了各因素对木材倾覆角影响并对理论分析结果进行了实机验证,结果表明:由于没有考虑到木材变形,导致倾覆角实际测量值普遍小于理论计算值,但数值相差不大,结果可以接受,证明所建的木材抓具提升木材模型是可行的。

Upper bound solutions for supporting pressures of shallow tunnels with nonlinear failure criterion

Linear failure criterion is widely used in calculation of earth pressure acting on shallow tunnels. However, experimental evidence shows that nonlinear failure criterion is able to represent fairly well the failure of almost all types of rocks, A nonlinear Hock-Brown failure criterion is employed to estimate the supporting pressures of shallow tunnels in limit analysis framework. Two failure mechanisms are proposed for calculating the work rate of extemal force and the internal energy dissipation. A tangential line to the nonlinear failure criterion is used to formulate the supporting pressure problem as a nonlinear programming problem. The objective function formulated in this way is minimized with respect to the failure mechanism and the location of tangency point. In order to assess the validity, the supporting pressures for the proposed failure mechanisms are calculated and compared with each other, and the present results are compared with previously published solutions when the nonlinear criterion is reduced to linear criterion. The agreement supports the validity of the proposed failure mechanisms. An experiment is conducted to investigate the influences of the nonlinear criterion on collapse shape and supporting pressures of shallow tunnels.

Method of Precise Auto Tool Setting for Micro Milling

Based on microscope and image processing, a new method of auto tool setting for micro milling was presented. Firstly, a realtime image of tool setting area was obtained by microscope and CCD camera, then image processing was carried out on this image and the gap between the tool and workpiece was calculated. The gap measurement was sent to motion controlling card to make the tool approach to the surface of workpiece. These steps were repeated until the gap is zero, which means that tool setting was finished. Moreover, a reliability verification test was conducted. Results indicated that the precision of tool setting is satisfactory.

Intra-Palm Propagation Signals as Suitable Biometrics for Successive Authentication

We propose the use of intra-palm propagation signals as biometrics. The intra-palm propagation signal is a signal that is propagated in the shallow part of the skin of a palm. In this paper, we prepare dedicated measuring devices and measure intra-palm propagation signals from twenty-one experimental subjects. We also evaluate the verification performance based on Euclidian distance or SVM （support vector machine）. The equal error rate in the case of SVM is aovroximatelv 24%.

Ultrasonic Sensors with Mechanical Couplers： Simulation and Validation

The use of ultrasonic sensors has varied applications, but the sensor operation frequency limits the operating distance. An easy way to increase this distance is to couple a mechanical element （horn）, but it is necessary to characterize this technique. In this paper the results obtained in a study of the behaviour of mechanical elements coupled to an ultrasonic sensor using finite element techniques are presented. These results have been obtained using Comsol Multiphysics modelling. Also, the effect caused by the sensor size on the radiation acoustic pressure has also been evaluated. In other way, in this paper it is presented the results obtained in the laboratory measurements. First, it is studied the influence of a straight horn attached to the ultrasonic sensor. Later, it is presented the variation in the sound pressure on the radiation axis when the sensor varies its size. In the final part of the paper, the experimental validation of the simulations is presented.

Summaries and Recommendations of the Global Impression Method

With the increase in the number of acupuncture clinical trials, systematic reviews are used to summarize key results across many disciplines. Meta-analysis is a popular method for synthesizing evidence as it provides a succinct way of summarizing evidence quantitatively. Due to clinical heterogeneity, however, it is not always possible to use meta-analysis. Instead, a qualitative method is used. The purpose of this paper is to summary the findings of current research on the Global Impression Method （GIM）; a method used to synthesize the results of clinically heterogeneous randomized controlled trial （RCT） in systematic reviews. The results indicate that there is moderate to substantial intra-rater and inter-rater agreement when judging the results of the forest plots using a global impression and simplified version of the best evidence synthesis （BES） method when compared to the results of meta-analyses. Thus, the GIM can be used for researchers to synthesize results of RCT. The quality of the individual study can be taken into consideration after this process to determine a more precise strength of the evidence, therefore, GIM worthy to be used in acupuncture or other studies.

Design and experimental validation of looped-tube thermoacoustic engine

The aim of this paper is to present the design and experimental validation process for a thermoacoustic looped-tube engine. The design procedure consists of numerical modelling of the system using DELTA EC tool, Design Environment for Low-amplitude ThermoAcousfic Energy Conversion, in particular the effects of mean pressure and regenerator configuration on the pressure amplitude and acoustic power generated. This is followed by the construction of a practical engine system equipped with a ceramic regenerator - a substrate used in auto- motive catalytic converters with fine square channels. The preliminary testing results are obtained and compared with the simulations in detail.The measurement results agree very well on the qualitative level and are reasonably close in the quantitative sense.