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孙绰《游天台山赋》为实游考论 被引量:1
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作者 白云鹏 《湖州师范学院学报》 2022年第5期56-62,共7页
《游天台山赋》是东晋文人孙绰的辞赋作品,亦是赋史中的千古名篇。然而孙绰是否真正到访过天台山,学界对此一直存有争论,莫衷一是。通过考察孙绰的生平经历,深究《游天台山赋》的文本内容,分析《文选》的选录和分类情况,参考魏晋时期山... 《游天台山赋》是东晋文人孙绰的辞赋作品,亦是赋史中的千古名篇。然而孙绰是否真正到访过天台山,学界对此一直存有争论,莫衷一是。通过考察孙绰的生平经历,深究《游天台山赋》的文本内容,分析《文选》的选录和分类情况,参考魏晋时期山水画的发展状况,可以证实孙绰确实亲临过天台山,《游天台山赋》是一篇实游之作。 展开更多
关键词 孙绰 天台山赋》 天台山 实游
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游憩压实土壤对黄波椤根系形态结构及活力的影响 被引量:1
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作者 谷加存 牟琦 郑曈 《东北林业大学学报》 CAS CSCD 北大核心 2011年第11期12-14,共3页
以森林公园内的黄波椤(Phelodendron amurense Rupr.)风景林为对象,研究了游憩压实土壤对黄波椤1~3级根(根系最末端为1级根)的形态结构和活力,以及土壤物理性质的影响。结果表明:压实导致土壤表层(0~10 cm)密度显著增加,最大持水量、... 以森林公园内的黄波椤(Phelodendron amurense Rupr.)风景林为对象,研究了游憩压实土壤对黄波椤1~3级根(根系最末端为1级根)的形态结构和活力,以及土壤物理性质的影响。结果表明:压实导致土壤表层(0~10 cm)密度显著增加,最大持水量、毛管持水量、总孔隙度和土壤通气度均显著下降,但在亚表层(>10~20 cm)仅密度显著增加。相比较,黄波椤细根受到压实的影响较弱,只有1级和2级根之间分支比例显著地下降,而1~3级根的直径、比根长、组织密度和活力在压实与对照之间均无显著差异。因此,黄波椤根系的分支结构受土壤压实的影响较大,而单根水平上的吸收能力、代谢活性所受影响较小。 展开更多
关键词 憩压 土壤质量 根系形态 黄波椤
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浅谈传统文学中的实境与形上之游
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作者 谭科宏 《广东技术师范学院学报》 2012年第11期101-104,共4页
"游"以不同型态存在于历代文学中,成为源远流长的主题。"实境之游"使主体与自然有直接对话的机会,陶冶心灵,进而形诸诗文辞赋之中,是记游文学的主要类型。"游"若发生在想象的层次,主体心灵亦能产生美感,... "游"以不同型态存在于历代文学中,成为源远流长的主题。"实境之游"使主体与自然有直接对话的机会,陶冶心灵,进而形诸诗文辞赋之中,是记游文学的主要类型。"游"若发生在想象的层次,主体心灵亦能产生美感,自如游走于虚与实的界域,产生对现实生命的观省。若要对"游"有更宏观的视野,自然要对传统文学中"游"的各种主要面向进行提炼。本文选取文学史上具有重要意义的典型,对传统文学中的实境、形上之游及其衍生的美学意义作一个简要的回溯。 展开更多
关键词 传统文学 境之 行上之
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名实与真实:探索“真实性”议题的本土话语分析框架 被引量:5
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作者 李菲 《旅游学刊》 CSSCI 北大核心 2020年第3期50-61,共12页
随着"真实性"讨论在国内学术界的引入和持续升温,需要看到",真实性"的设问本质上表达了西方世界关于何为"真实"的主导观念及权威话语。在当代旅游研究中",真实性"概念被广泛用于分析从西方到... 随着"真实性"讨论在国内学术界的引入和持续升温,需要看到",真实性"的设问本质上表达了西方世界关于何为"真实"的主导观念及权威话语。在当代旅游研究中",真实性"概念被广泛用于分析从西方到非西方不同社会语境中的旅游现象,而其移用过程本身尚未得到充分反思。因此,在前现代的"游"向现代"旅游"转型的过程中,共时维度语境挪移的"真实性"概念仍需重返历时维度的本土观念和实践传统方能得到落实。基于对"名实观"历史、文化、哲学内涵的追溯辨析以及对徐霞客、李时珍身心之"游"的个案讨论,文章通过"名实观"的引入,揭示出本土之"游"以身正名、求实体真的实践伦理面向,首先旨在反思"真实性"普遍话语的理论限度并设定参照维度;进而尝试建立一种新的话语分析框架,在"名-实"关联的社会历史建构视野中,将"真实性"的一般化讨论导向"真实化"的过程态考察,由此检视"真实性"概念嵌入本土话语场和实践场的复杂动因。 展开更多
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Depressive-like behavior in mice recently recovered from motor disorders after 3-nitropropionic acid intoxication
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作者 李晓敏 诸秉根 +5 位作者 马莎 周蔚 魏征 郑羽翔 赵旭东 朱容申 《Neuroscience Bulletin》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2008年第4期225-230,共6页
Objective Striatum may be involved in depressive disorders according to the neuroimaging analysis and clinical data. However, no animal model at present supported the possible role of striatum in the pathogenesis of d... Objective Striatum may be involved in depressive disorders according to the neuroimaging analysis and clinical data. However, no animal model at present supported the possible role of striatum in the pathogenesis of depression. In the present study, we have investigated the depressive-like behavior in mice recently intoxicated with 3-nitropropionic acid (3- NP), a widely known toxin that selectively damages the striatum in the brain. Methods Mouse model was made with subacute systemic 3-NP treatment, and the depressive-like behavior was measured using the duration of immobility during forced swimming test (FST). Results When the mice at day 15 post-intoxication just totally recovered from motor deficits, the duration of immobility in FST was significantly longer than that in controls. The depressive-like behavior was not due to the fatigue or general sickness following 3-NP intoxication and could be reversed by the antidepressant, desipramine hydrochloride. In two successive FST in 24 h interval, the depressive-like behavior could be observed again in subsequent FST (at day 16 post-intoxication), and the mice presented a normal "learned helplessness". Conclusion A novel depression animal model could be established in mice during the initial period of recovery from 3-NP intoxication. The depression-like behavior might occur independently without involvement of cognitive defects, and the striatal lesions may underlie the depression-like behavior attributable to 3-NP intoxication. 展开更多
关键词 3-nitropropionic acid forced swimming test DEPRESSION STRIATUM MICE
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Gradient Effect on Farmers' Income in the Mountain Areas and its Implication for Poverty Alleviation Strategies:Empirical Analysis from the Upper Reach of Minjiang River,China 被引量:9
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作者 FANG Yiping FAN Jie +1 位作者 SHEN Maoying SONG Mengqiang 《Journal of Mountain Science》 SCIE CSCD 2012年第6期869-878,共10页
Using four types of settlements in the upper reach of Minjiang River as case,we establish structural models in farmers' income of different settlement patterns based on rural household panel data to reveal the gra... Using four types of settlements in the upper reach of Minjiang River as case,we establish structural models in farmers' income of different settlement patterns based on rural household panel data to reveal the gradient effect on farmers' income and determinants.The results indicate that:(1) except the resettlement area,the incomes for farmers living in river valley,semi-mountain,and high-mountain settlements present a decreasing trend with the elevation increasing;on the contrary,their nonfarm earnings show an increasing trend with the elevation decreasing;(2) from the effect on farmers' income,there is a common feature that the nonfarm earnings and farming incomes have significant positive effects,and family size and productive expenditure have significant negative effects.One exception to this is the productive expenditure,which becomes insignificant in the model of resettlement area;(3) from the way of increasing farmers' income and alleviating poverty,there are great differences for four types of settlements in mountain areas,however,the improvement of agricultural product sales,agricultural production subsidies,the expansion for nonfarm employment,and the control of the family's size are the most effective approaches for poverty alleviation. 展开更多
关键词 Mountain settlements Rural household Income gradient POVERTY
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Can short-term and small-scale experiments reflect nutrient limitation on phytoplankton in natural lakes? 被引量:1
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作者 王海军 李艳 +6 位作者 冯伟松 于清 肖绪诚 梁小民 邵建春 马硕楠 王洪铸 《Chinese Journal of Oceanology and Limnology》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2017年第3期546-556,共11页
Whether it is necessary to reduce nitrogen(N) and/or phosphorus(P) input to mitigate lake eutrophication is controversial. The controversy stems mainly from differences in time and space in previous studies that suppo... Whether it is necessary to reduce nitrogen(N) and/or phosphorus(P) input to mitigate lake eutrophication is controversial. The controversy stems mainly from differences in time and space in previous studies that support the contrasting ideas. To test the response of phytoplankton to various combinations of nutrient control strategies in mesocosms and the possibility of reflecting the conditions in natural ecosystems with short-term experiments, a 9-month experiment was carried out in eight 800-L tanks with four nutrient level combinations(+N+P,-N+P, +N-P, and-N-P), with an 18-month whole-ecosystem experiment in eight ~800-m^2 ponds as the reference. Phytoplankton abundance was determined by P not N, regardless of the initial TN/TP level, which was in contrast to the nutrient limitation predicted by the N/P theory. Net natural N inputs were calculated to be 4.9, 6.8, 1.5, and 3.0 g in treatments +N+P,-N+P, +N-P, and-N-P, respectively, suggesting that N deficiency and P addition may promote natural N inputs to support phytoplankton development. However, the compensation process was slow, as suggested by an observed increase in TN after 3 weeks in-N+P and 2 months in-N-P in the tank experiment, and after 3 months in-N?+P and ~3 months in-N-P in our pond experiment. Obviously, such a slow process cannot be simulated in short-term experiments. The natural N inputs cannot be explained by planktonic N-fixation because N-fixing cyanobacteria were scarce, which was probably because there was a limited pool of species in the tanks. Therefore, based on our results we argue that extrapolating short-term, small-scale experiments to large natural ecosystems does not give reliable, accurate results. 展开更多
关键词 EUTROPHICATION nutrient control EXTRAPOLATION mesocosm experiment
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Analysis on inbound tourists' satisfaction in China: an empirical study based on the investigation of 5 cities 被引量:2
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作者 Jin Rong Wang Xueping 《Ecological Economy》 2009年第1期62-72,共11页
In China, the tourism industry is regarded as one means of fostering local economic development. This paper tries to examine inbound tourism development in China in the last decade and analyze inbound tourism's sa... In China, the tourism industry is regarded as one means of fostering local economic development. This paper tries to examine inbound tourism development in China in the last decade and analyze inbound tourism's satisfaction of their travel experience with tourist attractions, facilities, services and price by an empirical study based on the investigation of Lanzhou, Wuhan, Guangzhou, Shanghai and Beijing. This paper discusses the demographic characteristics of visitors from Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan, US, Korea and Japan by surveying a sample of 528 visitors in fi ve different cities. The survey showed that four provinces/autonomous region in western China ranked the top 10 popular destinations. Chinese natural landscape, culture and food were highly regarded by the tourists. At the same time, tourists expressed less satisfaction with tourist language convenience, tourist facility and nightlife in China. It was also found that only 7.4% of the tourists thought travel in China was far more than what they had paid, that 6.5% regarded they got what they paid for, and that 34.9% thought the travel cost was reasonable. Most tourists were satisfi ed with their travel experience in China; many of them would like to return to China and would like to recommend China. For the sustainable development of tourism, Chinese tourism authorities should strengthen the construction, propaganda and management of scenic spots, improve tourist facility and tourist education, especially language convenience, and strengthen the supervision of tickets, souvenir and hotel price. 展开更多
关键词 Inbound tourists Tourists' satisfaction Satisfaction ratings China
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IPA Analysis of First-time Tourists' Perceptions on the Image of the Tourist Destination Take Hainan International Tourism Islands for Example
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作者 Yumei Guan 《International English Education Research》 2014年第10期43-46,共4页
Nowadays, the image construction of Hainan International Tourism Islands has been vigorously promoted. The research is going to make an empirical analysis of Hainan tourism image, adopting IPA analysis method. General... Nowadays, the image construction of Hainan International Tourism Islands has been vigorously promoted. The research is going to make an empirical analysis of Hainan tourism image, adopting IPA analysis method. Generally speaking, there is a big gap between the Hainan tourist destination and tourists' expectations. The Hainan Tourist Destination image is mainly built on natural-advantage-resource projects such as natural sceneries, air quality, and climate, etc., meanwhile, the relatively insufficient constructions of soft-wares such as tourism-related facilities, as well as the quality of tourism services, etc., are the focus of future efforts. 展开更多
关键词 Tourist destinations image IPA First-time tourists Hainan International Tourism Islands
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Immunization of mice with concentrated liquor from male zooid of Antheraea pernyi 被引量:3
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作者 Sheng Li Bo Zhang +4 位作者 Wei-Dong Zhang Ting-Hang Ma Yong Huang Long-Hai Yi Jin-Ming Yu 《World Journal of Gastroenterology》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2005年第27期4254-4257,共4页
AIM: To study the effects of concentrated liquor from male zooid of Antheraea pernyion immunological mice.METHODS: For each experiment, 40 mice were randomly divided into normal saline group (control group) and th... AIM: To study the effects of concentrated liquor from male zooid of Antheraea pernyion immunological mice.METHODS: For each experiment, 40 mice were randomly divided into normal saline group (control group) and three tested groups that were administered different dosages of concentrated liquor from male zooid of A. pernyiand food for 15 d. The typical FSR and HC50 value, monocybe-phagocytic exponent Kand emendated monocyte-phagocytic exponent were determined and calculated respectively.RESULTS: Alter 24 and 48 h, the FSR values of the three tested groups improved significantly in comparison to the conlyol group by variance analysis. The HCso values showed a significant difference between the high dosage group and the control group, as well as between the high dosage group and other two bested groups. The monocyte-phagocytic exponent Kand emendated exponent α showed rising tendencies, but no significant differences were found by variance analysis.CONCLUSION: The concentrated liquor from male zooid of A. pemyican significantly enhance cellular and humoral immune function in mice, but has no distinct influence on the monocyte-phagocytic system in mice. 展开更多
关键词 Antheraea pernyi Male zooid Concentratedliquor MICE Immune function
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Experimental studies on oxidizing removal of Cyclops of zooplankton
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作者 刘冬梅 Cui Fuyi Lin Tao An Dong Zhang Min 《High Technology Letters》 EI CAS 2006年第1期86-90,共5页
The inactivation of Cyclops with currently available oxidants such as chlorine, chlorine dioxide, ozone and potassium permanganate was investigated and reported under various working conditions of different oxidant do... The inactivation of Cyclops with currently available oxidants such as chlorine, chlorine dioxide, ozone and potassium permanganate was investigated and reported under various working conditions of different oxidant dosage, organic substance content and pH value. The removal efficiency of Cyclops by predosing chlorine dioxide in water treatment process was comprehensively compared with that of the conventional prechlorination process. The results showed that chlorine dioxide might be most effective to inactivate Cyclops than other oxidants and its effect was less influenced by external conditions. Cyclops could be effectively inactivated by chlorine dioxide preoxidation and be thoroughly removed from water by chlorine dioxide preoxidation cooperating with routine clarification process, i.e. flocculation, sedimentation and filtration. 展开更多
关键词 Cyclops of zooplankton water treatment OXIDANT REMOVAL
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Qualification of Three Analytical Wake Models 被引量:2
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作者 Naima Charhouni Mohammed Sallaou Abdelaziz Arbaoui 《Journal of Mechanics Engineering and Automation》 2016年第4期205-211,共7页
The decrease of wind velocity (wake losses) in downstream area of wind turbine is generally quantified using wake models. The overall estimated power of wind farm varies according to reliability of wake model used, ... The decrease of wind velocity (wake losses) in downstream area of wind turbine is generally quantified using wake models. The overall estimated power of wind farm varies according to reliability of wake model used, however it's unclear which model is most appropriate and able to give a high performance in predicting wind velocity deficit. In this subject, a qualification of three analytical wake models (Jensen, lshihara and Frandsen) based on three principal criteria is presented in this paper: (i) the parsimony which characterizes the inverse of model complexity, (ii) the accuracy of estimation in which wake model is compared with the experimental data and (iii) imprecision that is related to assumptions and uncertainty on the value of variables considered in each model. This qualitative analysis shows the inability of wake models to predict wind velocity deficit due to the big uncertainty of variables considered and it sensitivity to wind farm characteristic. 展开更多
关键词 Wind farm wind turbine wake models PARSIMONY ACCURACY imprecision.
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Fluorometric Discrimination Technique of Phytoplankton Population Based on Wavelet Analysis
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作者 ZHANG Shanshan SU Rongguo +3 位作者 DUAN Yali ZHANG Cui SONG Zhijie WANG Xiulin 《Journal of Ocean University of China》 SCIE CAS 2012年第3期339-346,共8页
The discrete excitation-emission-matrix fluorescence spectra (EEMS) at 12 excitation wavelengths (400, 430, 450, 460, 470, 490, 500, 510, 525, 550, 570, and 590 nm) and emission wavelengths ranging from 600-750 nm wer... The discrete excitation-emission-matrix fluorescence spectra (EEMS) at 12 excitation wavelengths (400, 430, 450, 460, 470, 490, 500, 510, 525, 550, 570, and 590 nm) and emission wavelengths ranging from 600-750 nm were determined for 43 phytoplankton species. A two-rank fluorescence spectra database was established by wavelet analysis and a fluorometric discrimination technique for determining phytoplankton population was developed. For laboratory simulatively mixed samples, the samples mixed from 43 algal species (the algae of one division accounted for 25%, 50%, 75%, 85%, and 100% of the gross biomass, respectively), the average discrimination rates at the level of division were 65.0%, 87.5%, 98.6%, 99.0%, and 99.1%, with average relative contents of 18.9%, 44.5%, 68.9%, 73.4%, and 82.9%, respectively; the samples mixed from 32 red tide algal species (the dominant species accounted for 60%, 70%, 80%, 90%, and 100% of the gross biomass, respectively), the average correct discrimination rates of the dominant species at the level of genus were 63.3%, 74.2%, 78.8%, 83.4%, and 79.4%, respectively. For the 81 laboratory mixed samples with the dominant species accounting for 75% of the gross biomass (chlorophyll), the discrimination rates of the dominant species were 95.1% and 72.8% at the level of division and genus, respectively. For the 12 samples collected from the mesocosm experiment in Maidao Bay of Qingdao in August 2007, the dominant species of the 11 samples were recognized at the division level and the dominant species of four of the five samples in which the dominant species accounted for more than 80% of the gross biomass were discriminated at the genus level; for the 12 samples obtained from Jiaozhou Bay in August 2007, the dominant species of all the 12 samples were recognized at the division level. The technique can be directly applied to fluorescence spectrophotometers and to the developing of an in situ algae fluorescence auto-analyzer for phytoplankton population. 展开更多
关键词 phytoplankton population 3D discrete fluorescence spectra wavelet analysis two-rank database discrimination
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The influence of upstream slope on the local scour at drop structure
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作者 CHEN Jen-yan HSU Hsi-hsin HONG Yao-ming 《Journal of Mountain Science》 SCIE CSCD 2016年第12期2237-2248,共12页
The drop structure will fail as a result of local scoring downstream.This paper discusses the influence of a drop structures' upstream slope to local scour.Empirical equations of the scour hole were developed by l... The drop structure will fail as a result of local scoring downstream.This paper discusses the influence of a drop structures' upstream slope to local scour.Empirical equations of the scour hole were developed by laboratory experiment,theoretical assumptions,and regression analysis.These equations include the maximum scour depth and length during the scouring period,the maximum equilibrium scour depth and length,and the unit width scour rate.The four channel slopes(0%,2%,4%,and 6%) before the drop structure has been included in the analysis.A series of laboratory experiments were conducted to obtain 48 groups of experiments and 419 scour hole profiles during the scouring period.The material used in the scour section is uniform non-cohesive and with a median diameter of d50 = 0.5 mm.The results have been used to develop empirical equations via regression analysis to determine the coefficients of theoretical equations.The high correlation coefficient indicates that the equations developed in this study are suitable for verifying the characteristics of a scour hole at drop structure in the sloped channel.The semi-empirical equation is more accurate than the empirical equation.Compared to a horizontal channel,a sloped channel tends to cause a greater equilibriummaximum scour length,shorter equilibrium maximum scour depth,and faster unit-wide scour rate. 展开更多
关键词 Drop structure Jet flow Scour hole Local scour Steep channel
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Reform and Innovation of Higher Graduation Comprehensive Practice Mode -- Take tourism English professional for example
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作者 Bingbing Shi Guopeng Zhao 《International English Education Research》 2014年第4期83-85,共3页
In this paper, we take Tourism Vocational English for example, through the analysis of the problems and contradictions in vocational high school practice, around the vocational training objectives, make in-depth discu... In this paper, we take Tourism Vocational English for example, through the analysis of the problems and contradictions in vocational high school practice, around the vocational training objectives, make in-depth discussion of reform and innovation of graduation comprehensive practice mode from the overall design, stage promotion and process management. 展开更多
关键词 Vocational Colleges Graduation Practice Intemships THESIS Innovation
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Research on Difference of Tourism Consumption Behavior of the Youth
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作者 Yu An Wang Zhong 《International Journal of Technology Management》 2014年第6期55-57,共3页
The tourism consumption behavior of the young people has significant effect on the present social tourism consumption behavior. Intensifying the research on tourism consumption behavior of the youth group helps to exp... The tourism consumption behavior of the young people has significant effect on the present social tourism consumption behavior. Intensifying the research on tourism consumption behavior of the youth group helps to explore the hot spot of tourism consumption, and designing specific marketing programs and taping into consumption potential is the key to market development. The research takes the university students in the youth group as an example to analyze the features and difference of tourism consumption behavior and observe tourism consumption marketing of the university students, for providing reference for the expansion of tourism market. 展开更多
关键词 university students tourism consumption FEATURE DIFFERENCE MARKETING
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Behavioral animal models of depression 被引量:17
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作者 严华成 曹雄 +2 位作者 Manas Das 朱心红 高天明 《Neuroscience Bulletin》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2010年第4期327-337,共11页
Depression is a chronic,recurring and potentially life-threatening illness that affects up to 20%of the population across the world.Despite its prevalence and considerable impact on human,little is known about its pat... Depression is a chronic,recurring and potentially life-threatening illness that affects up to 20%of the population across the world.Despite its prevalence and considerable impact on human,little is known about its pathogenesis.One of the major reasons is the restricted availability of validated animal models due to the absence of consensus on the pathology and etiology of depression.Besides,some core symptoms such as depressed mood,feeling of worthlessness,and recurring thoughts of death or suicide,are impossible to be modeled on laboratory animals.Currently,the criteria for identifying animal models of depression rely on either of the 2 principles:actions of known antidepressants and responses to stress.This review mainly focuses on the most widely used animal models of depression,including learned helplessness,chronic mild stress,and social defeat paradigms.Also,the behavioral tests for screening antidepressants,such as forced swimming test and tail suspension test,are also discussed.The advantages and major drawbacks of each model are evaluated.In prospective,new techniques that will be beneficial for developing novel animal models or detecting depression are discussed. 展开更多
关键词 DEPRESSION animal models learned helplessness chronic mild stress social defeat forced swimming test tail suspension test
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Flavonoid-rich fraction of the Monodora tenuifolia seed extract attenuates behavioural alterations and oxidative damage in forced-swim stressed rats 被引量:2
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作者 EKEANYANWU Raphael Chukwuma NJOKU Obioma Uzoma 《Chinese Journal of Natural Medicines》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2015年第3期183-191,共9页
The antidepressant effects of the flavonoid-rieh fraction of Monodora tenuifolia seed extract were examined by assess- ing the extent of attenuation of behavioural alterations and oxidative damage in the rats that wer... The antidepressant effects of the flavonoid-rieh fraction of Monodora tenuifolia seed extract were examined by assess- ing the extent of attenuation of behavioural alterations and oxidative damage in the rats that were stressed by forced swim test. Com- pared with the model control group, the altered behavioural parameters were attenuated significantly (P 〈 0.05) in the group treated with the flavonoid-rich fraction (100 and 200 mg·kg^-1), comparable to the group treated with the standard drug, fluoxetine (10 mg·kg^-1). The flavonoid-rich fraction and fluoxetine improved significantly (P 〈 0.05) the activities of the antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase and catalase as well as other biochemical parameters such as reduced glutathione, protein, and nitrite in the brain of the stressed rats. These results suggested that the flavonoid-rich fraction of Monodora tenuifolia seed extract exerted the antidepres- sant-like effects which could be useful in the management of stress induced disease. 展开更多
关键词 Monodora tenuifolia ANTIDEPRESSANT Forced swim test DEPRESSION Oxidative damage
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Anti-anxiety activity of successive extracts of angelica archangelica linn.on the elevated t-maze and forced swimming tests in rats 被引量:1
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作者 Dinesh Kumar Zulfiqar Ali Bhat M.Y.Shah 《Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2012年第3期423-429,共7页
OBJECTIVE:Angelica archangelica Linn.is widely used in food and liquor preparations and also in Kashmiri folk medicine to reduce anxiety.We evaluated the anxiolytic effect of successive extracts of A.archangelica linn... OBJECTIVE:Angelica archangelica Linn.is widely used in food and liquor preparations and also in Kashmiri folk medicine to reduce anxiety.We evaluated the anxiolytic effect of successive extracts of A.archangelica linn.(SAE) on rats tested in the elevated T-maze test(an animal model of generalized anxiety) at doses that exhibit antidepressant-like activity in humans.METHODS:A.archangelica(1 kg) was subjected to successive extraction in a soxhlet apparatus with solvents [petroleum ether(40-60℃),chloroform,ethyl acetate,methanol and decoction with water] in order of increasing polarity(yield:6.9%,7.3%,5.1%,11.88% and 8.2% w/w,respectively).SAE were evaluated for anxiolytic effects using the elevated T-maze and forced swimming tests in rats.RESULTS:Oral dosing of diazepam(1 mg/kg) and extracts(50,100 and 200 mg/kg) clearly showed an anxiolytic-like profile in the elevated T-maze test:it increased one-way escape and decreased inhibitory avoidance on the first,third and seventh day.In the forced swimming test,imipramine and SAE showed antidepressant-and anxiolytic-like effects as reflected by increased climbing time,swimming time and decreased immobility time on the first,third and seventh day.Aqueous and methanol extracts showed the most,petroleum ether(40-60℃) and chloroform intermediate,and ethyl acetate the least anxiolytic activity(*P<0.05,**P<0.01,***P< 0.001) in both models.CONCLUSIONS:These results suggest the anti-anxiety activity of various extracts of A.archangelica and strongly justify its use in traditional Indian medicine for the treatment of anxiety. 展开更多
关键词 ANXIOLYTIC Elevated T-maze test Angelica archangelica linn Apiaceae ANTIDEPRESSANT
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Pollutants and fish predator/prey behavior: A review of laboratory and field approaches
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《Current Zoology》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2012年第1期9-20,共12页
Fish behavior can be altered by contaminants. There is an extensive literature on laboratory behavioral assays, with many chemicals impairing feeding or predator avoidance. However, there is not extensive work on fish... Fish behavior can be altered by contaminants. There is an extensive literature on laboratory behavioral assays, with many chemicals impairing feeding or predator avoidance. However, there is not extensive work on fishes that live in contami- nated environments. Therefore, we then review our recent research on feeding and trophic relations of populations from contami- nated estuaries compared with relatively unpolluted sites. The mummichog Fundulus heteroclitus, is a non-migratory fish; those from more contaminated areas are poor predators and slower to capture active prey (grass shrimp, Palaemonetes pugio). In the field, they consume much detritus and sediment, which is not nutritious. They are less active than fish from cleaner sites and more vulnerable to predation. They have altered thyroid glands and neurotransmitter levels, which may underlie altered behaviors Fish from the reference site kept in tanks with sediment and food from the polluted site showed bioaccumulation and reduced prey capture after two months, although fish from the polluted site did not show significant improvement when maintained in a clean environment. Poor nutrition and predator avoidance may be responsible for their being smaller and having a shorter life span than reference fish. Bluefish Pomatomus saltatrix, are a marine species in which the young-of-the-year spend their first summer in es- tuaries. We found bioaccumulation of contaminants and reduced activity, schooling, and feeding in young-of-the-year bluefish from a relatively unpolluted site that were fed prey fish from a contaminated site. They also had altered thyroid glands and neuro- transmitter levels. Many field-caught specimens had empty stomachs, which is rare in this species. In the fall, when they migrate back out to the ocean, they are smaller, slower, and more likely to starve or to be eaten than those that spent their summer in cleaner estuaries [Current Zoology 58 (1): 9-20, 2012]. 展开更多
关键词 PREDATOR FEEDING PREY Pollution Activity TROPHIC
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