Through the discussion of the moral ambiguity in R. L. Stevenson＇s characterization and plot-setting in Treasure Island, this paper argues that the author was not only occupied with romantic story-telling but also co...Through the discussion of the moral ambiguity in R. L. Stevenson＇s characterization and plot-setting in Treasure Island, this paper argues that the author was not only occupied with romantic story-telling but also concerned with man＇s morality. Different from those critical realists who severely criticized the decadence of late Victorian morality, Stevenson tended to stress its dual nature.展开更多
This paper will examine the essay, ＂Night Walks＂ （2000）, to see how Charles Dickens （1812-1870）, a social-realist writer of the Victorian era, has used elements adapted from the Romantics in order to draw attent...This paper will examine the essay, ＂Night Walks＂ （2000）, to see how Charles Dickens （1812-1870）, a social-realist writer of the Victorian era, has used elements adapted from the Romantics in order to draw attention to the pitiable social conditions of Victorian London. Dickens＇ the realist paradoxically reflected a readiness to think and feel ＂without immediate external excitement＂. He expressed his alignment with Romanticism by way of a cultivation of feeling and empathizing. His genius was, as expressed by Bagehot, ＂essentially irregular and unsymmetrical＂ because he was ＂utterly deficient in the faculty of reasoning＂. His daily, or rather nightly walks provided him with the inspiration to follow the Romantic tradition of writing on walks. The essay under consideration, ＂Night Walks＂, clearly supports the notion that Romanticism was fallaciously opposed to realism. The paper will examine the ways in which the theme, style, and structure of the essay evoke the preoccupation of a Romantic soul--for whom the walk becomes a space for ＂encounter and reflection＂--and the Romantic mind which is empowered by ＂imaginative self definition or discovery＂.展开更多
The article describes the activity of two Italian photographers： Carlo Bavagnoli （1932） and Mario Dondero （1928） In particular, it focuses on their debuts in the world of photojournalism in Italy since the early ...The article describes the activity of two Italian photographers： Carlo Bavagnoli （1932） and Mario Dondero （1928） In particular, it focuses on their debuts in the world of photojournalism in Italy since the early 1950s. First, it offers an overview of the national photographic research in the post-Second World War, underlining a significant evolution compared with the past and the complexity of the directions undertaken. Then, in the outlined context, it studies the work of the two photographers and their approach to a socially active photography, dwelling mainly on the relationships interwoven with the ruling publishing system. It also underlines the elements characterizing the nature of their reportages and the distance from an idea of image exploitation, derived from an always increasing interference of the political control over the images destined to mass communication. Both Dondero and Bavagnoli avoid any tendency to spectacularization and to the representative models typical of the common neorealist orientation, proposing an information founded on the effectiveness of narration, on the concreteness and immediacy of evidence; the first collaborations with the most progressive magazines testify the peculiarity of a method that both will coherently develop in the experiences matured outside the Italian context.展开更多
This paper discussed the cost and benefit level of the marketing mix of organic vegetable cultivation. In 2011, the research assessed the effectiveness of policy of＂Go Organic 2010＂ in Semarang municipality. The obj...This paper discussed the cost and benefit level of the marketing mix of organic vegetable cultivation. In 2011, the research assessed the effectiveness of policy of＂Go Organic 2010＂ in Semarang municipality. The objectives of this work are to assess： （1] program implementations; （2） related stakeholders; C3] external and internal constrains; （4] the level of effectiveness; and （5） the efficiency on the use of production factors. Further, it aims to improve the competitiveness of the agricultural commodity through using efficient production factors, lessening the environmental damage as the use of pesticide, and promoting awareness of responsibilty among government, university, and society. Having employed interactive approach and SPSS 13.0 program, the result indicates that behavior of farming in the research area sounds to be less efficient. Further, agriculture extension agent performance in Semarang needs also to be better improved. Therefore, improvement on counselling activities is proposed to be a solution to make the performance of the extension optimum. Meanwhile, the number of extension agents is not sufficient. It is expected that the ideal number for extension--one village one extension--can be applied.展开更多
Social media has become an inevitable part of our lives in the age of network society. People establish multiple identities for themselves, with or without references to the real world, and behave according to those i...Social media has become an inevitable part of our lives in the age of network society. People establish multiple identities for themselves, with or without references to the real world, and behave according to those identities. Self-made components of virtual presence are not limited to identities only; many users also create hyper-personalities for themselves with the help of new technologies. Then, the fundamental question becomes： Why do people create self-made identities and hyper-personalities to portray or hide themselves in social media environments？ The answer to this question has certain connections and implications for behaviors of social media users. Therefore, researchers have investigated why some people find social media attractive and attend whenever possible, while others are afraid of social media and hesitate to attend. Positive and negative behaviors of social media users can be classified as braggadocian and preventative. Braggadocian behaviors are related to courageously taking advantage of social media, whereas preventative behaviors are concerned with avoidance of social media. The dominant behavioral pattern of a user depends on what one can achieve through attending or preventing social media. This paper first discusses basic elements of human behavior that drive social media such as altruism, hedonism, connectionism, homophily, multiple identities, memetics, narcissism, and tribalism. Then, it focuses on precautionary elements of human behavior such as avoidance, escape, blocking, fear, hiding, removal, and protectionism. Whether they are attentive or not, one thing is clear： People refrain or enrich their own lives in social media rather than being abused or watching others in industrial media.展开更多
Benefit sharing on transboundary rivers is an approach to address equitable and reasonable development and utilization of transboundary water resources(TWR). Through analyzing a few typical benefit sharing cases, this...Benefit sharing on transboundary rivers is an approach to address equitable and reasonable development and utilization of transboundary water resources(TWR). Through analyzing a few typical benefit sharing cases, this paper provides a systematic discussion of the theory of TWR benefits sharing. TWR features a kind of common pool resources(CPRs). Its benefit sharing subjects are the riparian countries. The shared benefits usually include flood prevention, power generation, navigation, irrigation, contributions to society and culture, etc. The benefit sharing modes mainly include shared benefits and responsibilities, reciprocal rights and obligations, equal benefit distribution, cost proportion-based benefit sharing, and demand-based benefit sharing. The first step in the realization process of benefit sharing is the sharing of data and information. Second is the benefit identification and evaluation. Third is the establishment of a mechanism to guarantee the benefit sharing. The conditions for realizing benefit sharing depends on, first, if the riparian countries are willing to cooperate with each other;second, whether the cooperation can bring incremental benefit or cost reduction in comparison with unilateral operation;and third, if the benefit distribution is equitable and reasonable and can stand the test of time.展开更多
文摘Through the discussion of the moral ambiguity in R. L. Stevenson＇s characterization and plot-setting in Treasure Island, this paper argues that the author was not only occupied with romantic story-telling but also concerned with man＇s morality. Different from those critical realists who severely criticized the decadence of late Victorian morality, Stevenson tended to stress its dual nature.
文摘This paper will examine the essay, ＂Night Walks＂ （2000）, to see how Charles Dickens （1812-1870）, a social-realist writer of the Victorian era, has used elements adapted from the Romantics in order to draw attention to the pitiable social conditions of Victorian London. Dickens＇ the realist paradoxically reflected a readiness to think and feel ＂without immediate external excitement＂. He expressed his alignment with Romanticism by way of a cultivation of feeling and empathizing. His genius was, as expressed by Bagehot, ＂essentially irregular and unsymmetrical＂ because he was ＂utterly deficient in the faculty of reasoning＂. His daily, or rather nightly walks provided him with the inspiration to follow the Romantic tradition of writing on walks. The essay under consideration, ＂Night Walks＂, clearly supports the notion that Romanticism was fallaciously opposed to realism. The paper will examine the ways in which the theme, style, and structure of the essay evoke the preoccupation of a Romantic soul--for whom the walk becomes a space for ＂encounter and reflection＂--and the Romantic mind which is empowered by ＂imaginative self definition or discovery＂.
文摘The article describes the activity of two Italian photographers： Carlo Bavagnoli （1932） and Mario Dondero （1928） In particular, it focuses on their debuts in the world of photojournalism in Italy since the early 1950s. First, it offers an overview of the national photographic research in the post-Second World War, underlining a significant evolution compared with the past and the complexity of the directions undertaken. Then, in the outlined context, it studies the work of the two photographers and their approach to a socially active photography, dwelling mainly on the relationships interwoven with the ruling publishing system. It also underlines the elements characterizing the nature of their reportages and the distance from an idea of image exploitation, derived from an always increasing interference of the political control over the images destined to mass communication. Both Dondero and Bavagnoli avoid any tendency to spectacularization and to the representative models typical of the common neorealist orientation, proposing an information founded on the effectiveness of narration, on the concreteness and immediacy of evidence; the first collaborations with the most progressive magazines testify the peculiarity of a method that both will coherently develop in the experiences matured outside the Italian context.
文摘This paper discussed the cost and benefit level of the marketing mix of organic vegetable cultivation. In 2011, the research assessed the effectiveness of policy of＂Go Organic 2010＂ in Semarang municipality. The objectives of this work are to assess： （1] program implementations; （2） related stakeholders; C3] external and internal constrains; （4] the level of effectiveness; and （5） the efficiency on the use of production factors. Further, it aims to improve the competitiveness of the agricultural commodity through using efficient production factors, lessening the environmental damage as the use of pesticide, and promoting awareness of responsibilty among government, university, and society. Having employed interactive approach and SPSS 13.0 program, the result indicates that behavior of farming in the research area sounds to be less efficient. Further, agriculture extension agent performance in Semarang needs also to be better improved. Therefore, improvement on counselling activities is proposed to be a solution to make the performance of the extension optimum. Meanwhile, the number of extension agents is not sufficient. It is expected that the ideal number for extension--one village one extension--can be applied.
文摘Social media has become an inevitable part of our lives in the age of network society. People establish multiple identities for themselves, with or without references to the real world, and behave according to those identities. Self-made components of virtual presence are not limited to identities only; many users also create hyper-personalities for themselves with the help of new technologies. Then, the fundamental question becomes： Why do people create self-made identities and hyper-personalities to portray or hide themselves in social media environments？ The answer to this question has certain connections and implications for behaviors of social media users. Therefore, researchers have investigated why some people find social media attractive and attend whenever possible, while others are afraid of social media and hesitate to attend. Positive and negative behaviors of social media users can be classified as braggadocian and preventative. Braggadocian behaviors are related to courageously taking advantage of social media, whereas preventative behaviors are concerned with avoidance of social media. The dominant behavioral pattern of a user depends on what one can achieve through attending or preventing social media. This paper first discusses basic elements of human behavior that drive social media such as altruism, hedonism, connectionism, homophily, multiple identities, memetics, narcissism, and tribalism. Then, it focuses on precautionary elements of human behavior such as avoidance, escape, blocking, fear, hiding, removal, and protectionism. Whether they are attentive or not, one thing is clear： People refrain or enrich their own lives in social media rather than being abused or watching others in industrial media.
基金National Key Research and Development Program of China(2016YFA0601600)
文摘Benefit sharing on transboundary rivers is an approach to address equitable and reasonable development and utilization of transboundary water resources(TWR). Through analyzing a few typical benefit sharing cases, this paper provides a systematic discussion of the theory of TWR benefits sharing. TWR features a kind of common pool resources(CPRs). Its benefit sharing subjects are the riparian countries. The shared benefits usually include flood prevention, power generation, navigation, irrigation, contributions to society and culture, etc. The benefit sharing modes mainly include shared benefits and responsibilities, reciprocal rights and obligations, equal benefit distribution, cost proportion-based benefit sharing, and demand-based benefit sharing. The first step in the realization process of benefit sharing is the sharing of data and information. Second is the benefit identification and evaluation. Third is the establishment of a mechanism to guarantee the benefit sharing. The conditions for realizing benefit sharing depends on, first, if the riparian countries are willing to cooperate with each other;second, whether the cooperation can bring incremental benefit or cost reduction in comparison with unilateral operation;and third, if the benefit distribution is equitable and reasonable and can stand the test of time.
