The features of branching and growth studied included height, diameter at breast height (DBH), total number of branches, annual height growth, annual branch elongation in the year of elongating, annual branch number f...The features of branching and growth studied included height, diameter at breast height (DBH), total number of branches, annual height growth, annual branch elongation in the year of elongating, annual branch number for four consecutive years, diameter of branches of different ages, and diameter of stem where branch-whorl originates. For features of total growth and overall branching, no significant differences were found between families, except for DBH. For annual features, no significant differences were found in annual stem height growth, annual branch elongation in the year of elongation and diameter of branches. In the last four years, differences in number of branches were not significant in the first two years but were significant in the last two year; differences in stem diameter where branch-whorls grow were significant for the four consecutive years. Trend of annual growth and branching features of families can be divided into three types as increasing type, stable type and fluctuating type. Most of families have an increasing type with respect of annual height growth and annual branch elongation, while most families belong to a fluctuating type with annual branch number. The results indicated that in the fifth year after planted in seedling seed orchard, differences between families were mostly insignificant. This result may have two main explanations: one is the growth rhyme in early ages of Masson pine, the other one is the complex paternal components to form the open-pollinated families. Family selection seemed to be not useful based on the result. It is suggested to select some of families in the nursery instead of to use all the families when establishing seedling seed orchards with open-pollinated families from plus-trees.展开更多
Research progress of B. dorsalis and its species complex in Taiwan region and abroad was summarized from the aspects of classification, origin, transmission, distribution, host, biological characteristics and adaptabi...Research progress of B. dorsalis and its species complex in Taiwan region and abroad was summarized from the aspects of classification, origin, transmission, distribution, host, biological characteristics and adaptability to environmental conditions, in order to provide references and basis for researching B. dorsalis and its species complex in China.展开更多
The results of grafting improvement and cultivation trials in the Yangtze River Delta of China showed that the rootstock cultivar had a great influence on plant growth and development, fruit yield and quality of ＂Spa...The results of grafting improvement and cultivation trials in the Yangtze River Delta of China showed that the rootstock cultivar had a great influence on plant growth and development, fruit yield and quality of ＂Spartan＂ blueberry. Among the seven rootstock-scion combinations, the northern highbush blueberry （Vaccinium corymbosum） cultivar ＂Croaton＇-＇Spartan＇ combination showed well-healed graft unions, large branch amount, early fruit bearing, high yield, excellent fruit quality and almost no tillers. As a kind of rootstock, ＂Croaton＇ was better than non-grafted ＇Spartan＇ and the two rabbiteye blueberry cultivars ＇Premier＇ and ＇Gardenblue＇. The grafting pattern showed no significant stimulating effect on the plant growth and development, fruit yield and quality of ＇Spartan＇ blueberry in this area, but the overall performance of greenwood cleft grafting was better than that of inlaid bud grafting. Suitable rootstock cultivar and grafting pattern significantly improve plant arowth and development, fruit vield and aualitv of ＇Spartan＇ blueberry.展开更多
Acrochaete leptochaete, a species in Chaetophoraceae （Chlorophyta）, was observed during our recent laboratory culture of the macroalgae Chaetornorpha that was originally collected from an intertidal pool in Rongchen...Acrochaete leptochaete, a species in Chaetophoraceae （Chlorophyta）, was observed during our recent laboratory culture of the macroalgae Chaetornorpha that was originally collected from an intertidal pool in Rongcheng, Shandong Province, China. This is the first record of this species in China. Its morphology, taxonomy, and distribution were introduced and discussed in detail. Isolated culture experiments at different temperatures （9-29℃） and light intensities （36-108 μmol/m^2.s） were also carried out. The culture-based observations have extended our knowledge of growth morphology and general biology of the species.展开更多
[Objective] The aim was to research annual shoot increments, blooming and fruit-bearing times, and sprouting ratio of man-made Phoebe boumei.[Methed] Phenological observations of Phoebe boumei blooming were conducted ...[Objective] The aim was to research annual shoot increments, blooming and fruit-bearing times, and sprouting ratio of man-made Phoebe boumei.[Methed] Phenological observations of Phoebe boumei blooming were conducted as per method of phytocoenology. [Result] Phoebe bournei shot three times per year, and autumn shoots proved the largest, followed by summer shoots and spring sprouts. Sprouts shaped from late April to early May, and bloomed from late April to middle May; young fruits grew from middle May to late May and matured from middle De- cember to late December. Thousand-seed weight of fruits reached 487-503 g, and averaged 496 g; thousand-seed weight of seed was 265-275 g and averaged 269 g; sprouting rate of seed in room was in 84.8%-88.5% and averaged 86.5%; sprouting rate of seeds in fields was in 68.4%-72.6%, and averaged 70.4%. [Conclusion] The research provides references for man-made Phoebe bournei forests.展开更多
In order to provide theoretical references for early-maturing Citrus unshiu Marc. in terms of fruit thinning, timely fertilization and harvesting, as wel as for for-mulation of of Early-maturing Citrus unshiu Marc. Cu...In order to provide theoretical references for early-maturing Citrus unshiu Marc. in terms of fruit thinning, timely fertilization and harvesting, as wel as for for-mulation of of Early-maturing Citrus unshiu Marc. Cultivation Technique Standards in Guizhou Province, the dynamic changes of fruit longitudinal diameter and trans-verse diameter of 11-year-old and 12-year-old early maturing Citrus unshiu Marc. were tested in two consecutive years and the effects of single-fruit bearing branch on fruit growth and development were compared. The results showed annual varia-tion of longitudinal and transverse diameter of the fruit in Guizhou grew faster at the beginning and then slowed down gradual y, maintaining a slow-growth period after October; the growth curve final y was flat in mature stage. General y, the growth and development stage of fruit showed four growth peaks, showing an in-creasing S-shape curve and fruit net increase also had four growth peaks with a double S-shape curve. Specifical y, longitudinal diameters growth alternated with transverse diameter growth and the former proved much stronger. In terms of ef-fects of single-fruit bearing branch on longitudinal and transverse diameter growth, the number of reserved fruits had direct effects on the growth, net increase of weight, time of growth peak, fluctuation and the number of growth peak. The growth and development, and quality of fruits in the treatments with two or three fruits re-served on single fruit-bearing branch proved better compared with the control with four left fruits. It suggested that early June and early July are the best time for fer-tilization of early-maturing Citrus unshiu Marc. in Guizhou Pprovince and would have better effect if combined with foliage spraying. The suitable harvest time is in the end of October. The preferred number of reserved fruit on single fruit-bearing branch is 2-3. In actual production, the implementation of flower and fruit thinning should also takes tree age, balance of tree vigor, strength of fruit bearing branch, alternate bearing phenomenon and other factors into consideration.展开更多
The Mediterranean fruit fly, Ceratitis capitata Wied. （1824） is one of the most important pest that can infest orchards if its spread is not controlled. Among the preventive measures recommended in the fight against...The Mediterranean fruit fly, Ceratitis capitata Wied. （1824） is one of the most important pest that can infest orchards if its spread is not controlled. Among the preventive measures recommended in the fight against this pest, we are interested in looking for varieties that are less favorable to the development of this pest among different varieties of fig trees in our region. The biological parameters of the fruit fly which were followed in this study are duration of pupation, rate of emergence, sex ratio and longevity of males and females. The results show that these parameters vary depending on the variety of fruit.展开更多
基金This paper was a part of the National Key Project of Science and Technology on Masson Pine breeding during 1996-2000.
文摘The features of branching and growth studied included height, diameter at breast height (DBH), total number of branches, annual height growth, annual branch elongation in the year of elongating, annual branch number for four consecutive years, diameter of branches of different ages, and diameter of stem where branch-whorl originates. For features of total growth and overall branching, no significant differences were found between families, except for DBH. For annual features, no significant differences were found in annual stem height growth, annual branch elongation in the year of elongation and diameter of branches. In the last four years, differences in number of branches were not significant in the first two years but were significant in the last two year; differences in stem diameter where branch-whorls grow were significant for the four consecutive years. Trend of annual growth and branching features of families can be divided into three types as increasing type, stable type and fluctuating type. Most of families have an increasing type with respect of annual height growth and annual branch elongation, while most families belong to a fluctuating type with annual branch number. The results indicated that in the fifth year after planted in seedling seed orchard, differences between families were mostly insignificant. This result may have two main explanations: one is the growth rhyme in early ages of Masson pine, the other one is the complex paternal components to form the open-pollinated families. Family selection seemed to be not useful based on the result. It is suggested to select some of families in the nursery instead of to use all the families when establishing seedling seed orchards with open-pollinated families from plus-trees.
基金Supported by Key Disciplinary Developing Project of Forest Protection and Zoology from Yunnan Province(Grant No.XKZ200905)Science and Technology Project of Jiangxi Provincial Department of Education(GJJ08471)~~
文摘Research progress of B. dorsalis and its species complex in Taiwan region and abroad was summarized from the aspects of classification, origin, transmission, distribution, host, biological characteristics and adaptability to environmental conditions, in order to provide references and basis for researching B. dorsalis and its species complex in China.
文摘The results of grafting improvement and cultivation trials in the Yangtze River Delta of China showed that the rootstock cultivar had a great influence on plant growth and development, fruit yield and quality of ＂Spartan＂ blueberry. Among the seven rootstock-scion combinations, the northern highbush blueberry （Vaccinium corymbosum） cultivar ＂Croaton＇-＇Spartan＇ combination showed well-healed graft unions, large branch amount, early fruit bearing, high yield, excellent fruit quality and almost no tillers. As a kind of rootstock, ＂Croaton＇ was better than non-grafted ＇Spartan＇ and the two rabbiteye blueberry cultivars ＇Premier＇ and ＇Gardenblue＇. The grafting pattern showed no significant stimulating effect on the plant growth and development, fruit yield and quality of ＇Spartan＇ blueberry in this area, but the overall performance of greenwood cleft grafting was better than that of inlaid bud grafting. Suitable rootstock cultivar and grafting pattern significantly improve plant arowth and development, fruit vield and aualitv of ＇Spartan＇ blueberry.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.40876081,30570125)the Knowledge Innovation Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.KSCX2-YW-Z-018)
文摘Acrochaete leptochaete, a species in Chaetophoraceae （Chlorophyta）, was observed during our recent laboratory culture of the macroalgae Chaetornorpha that was originally collected from an intertidal pool in Rongcheng, Shandong Province, China. This is the first record of this species in China. Its morphology, taxonomy, and distribution were introduced and discussed in detail. Isolated culture experiments at different temperatures （9-29℃） and light intensities （36-108 μmol/m^2.s） were also carried out. The culture-based observations have extended our knowledge of growth morphology and general biology of the species.
文摘[Objective] The aim was to research annual shoot increments, blooming and fruit-bearing times, and sprouting ratio of man-made Phoebe boumei.[Methed] Phenological observations of Phoebe boumei blooming were conducted as per method of phytocoenology. [Result] Phoebe bournei shot three times per year, and autumn shoots proved the largest, followed by summer shoots and spring sprouts. Sprouts shaped from late April to early May, and bloomed from late April to middle May; young fruits grew from middle May to late May and matured from middle De- cember to late December. Thousand-seed weight of fruits reached 487-503 g, and averaged 496 g; thousand-seed weight of seed was 265-275 g and averaged 269 g; sprouting rate of seed in room was in 84.8%-88.5% and averaged 86.5%; sprouting rate of seeds in fields was in 68.4%-72.6%, and averaged 70.4%. [Conclusion] The research provides references for man-made Phoebe bournei forests.
文摘In order to provide theoretical references for early-maturing Citrus unshiu Marc. in terms of fruit thinning, timely fertilization and harvesting, as wel as for for-mulation of of Early-maturing Citrus unshiu Marc. Cultivation Technique Standards in Guizhou Province, the dynamic changes of fruit longitudinal diameter and trans-verse diameter of 11-year-old and 12-year-old early maturing Citrus unshiu Marc. were tested in two consecutive years and the effects of single-fruit bearing branch on fruit growth and development were compared. The results showed annual varia-tion of longitudinal and transverse diameter of the fruit in Guizhou grew faster at the beginning and then slowed down gradual y, maintaining a slow-growth period after October; the growth curve final y was flat in mature stage. General y, the growth and development stage of fruit showed four growth peaks, showing an in-creasing S-shape curve and fruit net increase also had four growth peaks with a double S-shape curve. Specifical y, longitudinal diameters growth alternated with transverse diameter growth and the former proved much stronger. In terms of ef-fects of single-fruit bearing branch on longitudinal and transverse diameter growth, the number of reserved fruits had direct effects on the growth, net increase of weight, time of growth peak, fluctuation and the number of growth peak. The growth and development, and quality of fruits in the treatments with two or three fruits re-served on single fruit-bearing branch proved better compared with the control with four left fruits. It suggested that early June and early July are the best time for fer-tilization of early-maturing Citrus unshiu Marc. in Guizhou Pprovince and would have better effect if combined with foliage spraying. The suitable harvest time is in the end of October. The preferred number of reserved fruit on single fruit-bearing branch is 2-3. In actual production, the implementation of flower and fruit thinning should also takes tree age, balance of tree vigor, strength of fruit bearing branch, alternate bearing phenomenon and other factors into consideration.
文摘The Mediterranean fruit fly, Ceratitis capitata Wied. （1824） is one of the most important pest that can infest orchards if its spread is not controlled. Among the preventive measures recommended in the fight against this pest, we are interested in looking for varieties that are less favorable to the development of this pest among different varieties of fig trees in our region. The biological parameters of the fruit fly which were followed in this study are duration of pupation, rate of emergence, sex ratio and longevity of males and females. The results show that these parameters vary depending on the variety of fruit.
