A separation integrated technology for isolating refined solanesol from tobacco extracts was provided. Some experimental installations applied in the separation integrated technology were designed. The experimental in...A separation integrated technology for isolating refined solanesol from tobacco extracts was provided. Some experimental installations applied in the separation integrated technology were designed. The experimental installations included saponification and extraction installation, cryogenic centrifugation crystallization installation and continuous midium pressure column chromatography separation installation In the paper, a separation integrated technology route was designed： saponification and extraction-crystallization - silica gel column chromatography-recrystallization. Finally, refined solanesol （-95.5%） was successfully got. The new method featured shorter experimental times, as well as lower solvent consumption, compared with the conventional extraction methods. So it showed great potential for efficient sample preparation and large-scale industrial application in the near future.展开更多
It is a NP-hard problem to schedule a list of nonresumable jobs to the available intervals of an availability-constrained single machine to minimize the scheduling length. This paper transformed this scheduling proble...It is a NP-hard problem to schedule a list of nonresumable jobs to the available intervals of an availability-constrained single machine to minimize the scheduling length. This paper transformed this scheduling problem into a variant of the variable-sized bin packing problem, put forward eight bin packing algorithms adapted from the classic one-dimensional bin packing problem and investigated their performances from both of the worst-case and the average-case scenarios. Analytical results show that the worst-case performance ratios of the algorithms are not less than 2. Experimental results for average cases show that the Best Fit and the Best Fit Decreasing algorithm outperform any others for independent and precedence-constrained jobs respectively.展开更多
Knowledge of the environment is essential for the survival of organisms; but those organisms have to have the capacity to stabilize such knowledge. The aim of this article is to analyze the various strategies for stab...Knowledge of the environment is essential for the survival of organisms; but those organisms have to have the capacity to stabilize such knowledge. The aim of this article is to analyze the various strategies for stabilizing human knowledge, with a special focus on its material anchors and their interactions with other stabilization means. In particular, I consider how such stabilization is reflected in scientific activity and practice, and what its repercussions are for the models of science that have dominated the philosophical landscape of the 20th century. My starting hypothesis will be that the role of material anchors in stabilizing conceptual blends is analogous to that of technology in grounding scientific knowledge. The framework I adopt with regard to conceptualization is that of Fauconnier and Turner （2002） on conceptual blends. Just as technology intervenes in scientific practice in conjunction with conceptual elements, so do material anchors, which conjoin other non-material strategies of knowledge stabilization. Endowing knowledge with a material basis may be understood firstly as an element （sometimes a key element） for representing knowledge and offering an explanation, and secondly as a way of providing a scientific hypothesis with empirical grounding. It is this second sense that connects with scientific experimentation and the use of instruments and technology.展开更多
文摘A separation integrated technology for isolating refined solanesol from tobacco extracts was provided. Some experimental installations applied in the separation integrated technology were designed. The experimental installations included saponification and extraction installation, cryogenic centrifugation crystallization installation and continuous midium pressure column chromatography separation installation In the paper, a separation integrated technology route was designed： saponification and extraction-crystallization - silica gel column chromatography-recrystallization. Finally, refined solanesol （-95.5%） was successfully got. The new method featured shorter experimental times, as well as lower solvent consumption, compared with the conventional extraction methods. So it showed great potential for efficient sample preparation and large-scale industrial application in the near future.
文摘It is a NP-hard problem to schedule a list of nonresumable jobs to the available intervals of an availability-constrained single machine to minimize the scheduling length. This paper transformed this scheduling problem into a variant of the variable-sized bin packing problem, put forward eight bin packing algorithms adapted from the classic one-dimensional bin packing problem and investigated their performances from both of the worst-case and the average-case scenarios. Analytical results show that the worst-case performance ratios of the algorithms are not less than 2. Experimental results for average cases show that the Best Fit and the Best Fit Decreasing algorithm outperform any others for independent and precedence-constrained jobs respectively.
文摘Knowledge of the environment is essential for the survival of organisms; but those organisms have to have the capacity to stabilize such knowledge. The aim of this article is to analyze the various strategies for stabilizing human knowledge, with a special focus on its material anchors and their interactions with other stabilization means. In particular, I consider how such stabilization is reflected in scientific activity and practice, and what its repercussions are for the models of science that have dominated the philosophical landscape of the 20th century. My starting hypothesis will be that the role of material anchors in stabilizing conceptual blends is analogous to that of technology in grounding scientific knowledge. The framework I adopt with regard to conceptualization is that of Fauconnier and Turner （2002） on conceptual blends. Just as technology intervenes in scientific practice in conjunction with conceptual elements, so do material anchors, which conjoin other non-material strategies of knowledge stabilization. Endowing knowledge with a material basis may be understood firstly as an element （sometimes a key element） for representing knowledge and offering an explanation, and secondly as a way of providing a scientific hypothesis with empirical grounding. It is this second sense that connects with scientific experimentation and the use of instruments and technology.
