实组分切割应用于渣油加氢全流程工艺模拟的研究

通过对不同切割方法的比较和渣油加氢工艺流程的分析,选定实组分切割的方法。根据实组分切割步骤对产品进行组分切割,从而计算反应器出口物流的组成和流量。应用切割后的实组分数据对渣油加氢工艺进行模拟,优化实组分组成及流量。模拟过程中,完善了蒸馏曲线划分原则、实组分选择原则,同时总结出了一套可供参考的通用实组分体系。模拟之后,流程中的主要设备参数和渣油加氢工艺产品的物料状态均与设计值吻合较好。

柴油加氢工艺动态仿真研究与应用

柴油加氢工艺是通过加氢反应来提高油品质量,对于环境保护和大气污染防治起着至关重要的作用。由于柴油的组成纷繁复杂,使得柴油组分难以确定,一直以来是加氢工艺动态仿真模拟中的难点问题。为解决上述问题,采用真实组分法确定了柴油组成,建立了组分分率模型,进而实现了柴油加氢工艺的全流程动态仿真。仿真结果与实际相吻合,证明了该方法用于柴油加氢工艺的动态仿真是行之有效的。

加氢裂化装置动态仿真

研究加氢裂化装置设计优化问题,针对新建加氢裂化装置,提出开发一套动态仿真系统用于培训员工,并对工程的控制设计进行动态仿真验证。由于加氢裂化装置工艺流程复杂,设备仪表多,控制方案先进,常规方法是建立系统的稳态机理数学模型或机理性较差的简化动态模型进行研究,而建立具备较强机理性的动态数学模型由于技术难度高,采用以实组分切割法为基础,对过程的反应动力学进行准确表征,结合动态序贯模块法,建立了具备加氢裂化动态数学模型,并调用过程控制模型进行动态操作。仿真结果表明,系统不仅具备仿真培训基本功能,还用来指导开停工方案制定,验证工艺与过程控制设计的可行性,并对过程中的问题进行诊断。

Fruit Anatomy of sect. Paracamellia with Reference to Their Significance of Germplasm Resources Exploitation

[Objective] To utilize the germplasm resources,new systematic evidence for the classification of sect.Paracamellia,genus Camellia is found in this article.[Method] Fruit anatomy of 10 species representing sect.Paracamellia was investigated.And the main component of sect.Paracamellia in the genus Camellia was studied by MVSP software.[Result] The exocarp was thin;mesocarp was broad,having a large number of stone cells;endocarp was lignified,and separated easily from seed.The principle components analysis suggested that the distance between species was far,showing far relation;the current study did not support the formation of Camellia grijsii（C.grijsii）and Camellia yuhsienensis（C.yuhsienensis）,Camellia shensiensis（C.shensiensis）should not be recognized as a variety of C.yuhsienensis.In addition,it also proved Ming＇s combining of Camellia confusa（C.confusa）and Camellia kissi（C.kissi）was unnatural.[Conclusion] The study provided theoretical basis for the development and application of sect.Paracamellia in the genus Camellia.

蜡油加氢裂化装置分馏工段过程模拟研究

本文以蜡油加氢裂化装置分馏工段为研究对象,采用HYSYS软件对该工段进行模拟计算。通过对原料油和产品油组分及组成、设备结构及性能参数等的优化,得到了较为适宜的结果。对实组分切割的进料与工艺包中进料数据进行了比较分析,选取了硫化氢汽提塔和分馏塔的模拟结果与工艺包中数据进行比较,可为蜡油加氢装置的工艺设计提供参考。

Tissue differential expression of lycopene β-cyclase gene in papaya

Carotene pigments in flowers and fruits are distinct features related to fitness advantages such as attracting insects forpollination and birds for seed dispersal.In papaya,the flesh color of the fruit is considered a quality trait that correlateswith nutritional value and is linked to shelf-life of the fruit.To elucidate the carotenoid biosynthesis pathway in papaya,we took a candidate gene approach to clone the lycopene β-cyclase gene,LCY-B.A papaya LCY-B ortholog,cpLCY-B,was successfully identified from both cDNA and bacterial artificial chromosome(BAC)libraries and complete genomicsequence was obtained from the positive BAC including the promoter region.This cpLCY-B shared 80% amino acididentity with citrus LCY-B.However,full genomic sequences from both yellow- and red-fleshed papaya were identical.Quantitative real-time PCR(qPCR)revealed similar levels of expression at six different maturing stages of fruits forboth yellow-and red-fleshed genotypes.Further expression analyses of cpLCY-B showed that its expression levels wereseven- and three-fold higher in leaves and,respectively,flowers than in fruits,suggesting that cpLCY-B is down-regulatedduring the fruit ripening process.

Update on risk scoring systems for patients with upper gastrointestinal haemorrhage

Upper gastrointestinal haemorrhage (UGIH) remains a common medical emergency worldwide. It is increasingly recognised that early risk assessment is an important part of management, which helps direct appropriate patient care and the timing of endoscopy. Several risk scores have been developed, most of which include endoscopic findings, although a minority do not. These scores were developed to identify various end-points including mortality, rebleeding or clinical intervention in the form of transfusion, endoscopic therapy or surgery. Recent studies have reported accurate identification of a very low risk group on presentation, using scores which require simple clinical or laboratory parameters only. This group may not require admission, but could be managed with early out-patient endoscopy. This article aims to describe the existing pre- and post-endoscopy risk scores for UGIH and assess the published data comparing them in the prediction of outcome. Recent data assessing their use in clinical practice, in particular the early identification of low-risk patients, are also discussed.

Preparation and coking properties of coal maceral concentrates

The concentrates with different maceral contents were obtained from Kailuan coking coals with different coal ranks(Ro;ranvarying from 0.88%to 1.73%)by float–sink separation in lab.Then these concentrates were characterized by proximate analysis,ultimate analysis,petrography analysis and coking index determination.The results show that the vitrinite is characterized as nature of lower carbon content,higher hydrogen content,higher volatile matter and stronger caking property compared to inertinite.The relationships between variation rate of volatile matter and maximum volatile matter and coal ranks are identified,and a linear model is developed for fast determination of the maceral contents.Compared to inertinite-rich concentrate,the blending ratio of vitrinite-rich concentrate is increased by 13%,which is considered to be a potential technique based on maceral separation for expanding the coking coal resources.

Physicochemical Characterization of Surface Water of the Area of Gafsa

Water exploits an essential part in all the durable development, the exploitation of this natural resource, its management and its position, its mineralization, its underground course and the mode o fits resurgence. The area of Gafsa is known by its very important hydrous potential which is geographically in the zone of transition between central Tunisia and the Saharan platform, these two great fields are separated by the fault of Gafsa which plays an important part in the structuring of the basins of the area, the hydrous resources of Gafsa make subsoil water the principal source of supply water, in the absence of an important network of surface. The zones of studies present requirements out of water which do not cease growing with the progress of the industrial activities and the concentration of the agricultural activities： The objective of this work is to analyze the water of the various zones of the area of Gafsa and to treat it to make it possible most drinkable. The analyzes like measurement of pH, measurement of electric conductivity and measurement of dry residue were made in the laboratory of the chemical group of Mdhila in Tunisia and in laboratory of Ion exchanger Materials of Vitry in France, the processes of treatment as opposite osmosis are also programmed in this same laboratory. The results are very encouraging to start the study and the design of a station of potabilisation of water in the area of Gafsa.

Novel Air Purification System for Installation in Air Handling Units： Development, Assembly and Experimental Analysis

Nowadays, people pass 90% of their time in closed spaces, therefore, an increasing care in the creation and upkeep of healthier environments as a personal and as professional level become a major issue. The present project has as goal the verification and optimization of the implicit need of an OCRAMclima~ AHU （air handling units） in IAQ （indoor air quality） and its effectiveness in treatment and/or air purification, having as basis the legal national and European requirements for IAQ. This work was based on the study of the state of the art of the techniques in air purification and in the evaluation of their performance, culminating in the production of the prototype OCRAMclima~ NPS （nano purifying system）. The purifying phenomena involved are UVGI （ultraviolet germicidal irradiation） and catalytic ionization of air. The performance test was accomplished in a closed loop circuit, which results, obtained by an independent IAQ analyst, were satisfactory, indicating the viability of application of this system to indoor air disinfection. The outcome revealed that the conjugating of both phenomena, the air sterilizing by UV and catalytic ionization, is efficient when used for air purification, mainly for volatile organic compounds and bioaerosols.

An Experimental Deprivation Study of Mobile Phones, Internet and TV

This paper presents the results of an experimental deprivation study conducted with 64 participants. All participants had to do without mobile phone, internet and TV for 15 days each. The main research objective was to examine the differences of indispensability levels and experiences during these non-usage phases. Mobile phones turned out to be most indispensable followed by Internet. Involvement of the medium into daily routine is an important part of short-term indispensability and will be dealt with in detail in this paper.

Transcriptional diversity of DMRT1(dsx-and mab3.related transcription factor1)in human testis

Recent advances in the evolutionary genetics of sex determination indicate that the only molecular similarity in sex determination found so far among phyla is between the fly doublesex, worm mab-3 and vertebrate DMRTI（dsx- and mab3-related transcription factor 1）/DMY genes. Each of these factors encodes a zinc-finger-like DNA-binding motif, DM domain. Insights into the evolution and functions of human DMRT1 gene could reveal evolutionary mechanisms of sexual development. Here we report the identification and characterization of multiple isoforms of human DMRT1 in the testis. These transcripts encode predicted proteins with 373,275 and 175 amino acids and they were generated by alternative splicing at 3＇ region. Expression level of DMRTla is higher than those of both DMRTlb and c, and the DMR Tlc expression was the lowest in testis, based on comparisons of mean values from real-time fluorescent quantitative RT-PCR analysis. Both DMRTlb and c result from exonization of intronic sequences, including the exonization of an Alu element. A further search for Alu elements within the DMRT1 gene demonstrated that all 99 Alu elements are non-randomly distributed among the non-coding regions on both directions. These new characteristics of DMRT1 would have an important impact on the evolution of sexual development mechanisms.

Inheritance and Promotion of Hakka Sports in Fujian, Guangdong, and Jiangxi

In the long-term production and life practice, Hakka ethnic group has created its own unique culture, and the sports culture is an important part of Hakka culture. Hakka sports culture has attained constant development and integration along with the migration of the Hakka ethnic group. In the meantime, it has been fully inherited promoted.

Distribution of electric field for carbon nanotube assembly: Experiments (II)

The distribution effect of electric field on the alignment and attachment of carbon nanotubes （CNTs） were investigated. The experimental results were compared with the simulation results according to three different shaped electrodes. In previous simulation, the round shaped electrodes were expected to be more effective for aligning and attaching a single CNT between two electrodes than conical or rectangular shaped electrodes. To verify the simulation results, three different shaped electrodes were introduced and a single multi-walled carbon nanotube （MWNT） was attached. The optimal conditions for aligning and attaching MWNTs such as the frequency, applied voltage and concentration of MWNTs solution were investigated. Through repeated experiments, frequency of 100 kHz-10 MHz, applied voltage of 0.3-1.3 V^s/~m, concentration of 5 ktg/mL in MWNTs solution were obtained as a possible condition range to attach MWNTs. Under these conditions, the yield of MWNTs attachment between two electrodes was up to 70%. In previous simulation, furthermore, it was verified that the size of the stable or quasi-stable region made CNTs aligned and attached on different shaped electrodes from the comparison of the experimental and simulation results. Most single MWNT attachment was accomplished on the round shaped electrodes.

Mucosal Schwann cell “Hamartoma”:A new entity?

Schwannoma is a well-described,benign nerve sheath tumor of the soft tissue,but is rare in the gastrointestinal tract.Gastrointestinal schwannomas are often incidentally discovered as small polypoid intraluminal lesions.In this report,we describe the clinicopathologic and immunohistochemical features of a distinctive neural mucosal polyp composed of a diffuse cellular proliferation of uniform bland spindled cells in the lamina propria that entraps the colonic crypts.Immunohistochemical analysis revealed strong and diffuse positivity for the S-100 protein.To avoid confusion of these solitary colorectal polyps containing pure spindled Schwann cell proliferation in the lamina propria with neural lesions that have significant association with inherited syndromes,it is better to use the designation "mucosal Schwann hamartoma".

Study on the network delay of periodic information in the NCS based on EPA

The network delay of the periodic messages transmission in the network control system （NCS） based on Ethemet for plant automation （EPA） is analyzed from the theoretical and experimental perspective in this paper. The composition and the characteristics of the network delay of EPA periodic messages transmission in a subnet is studied through analyzing the information transmission regularity and EPA deterministic scheduling mechanism. On this basis, the queuing delay at communication schedule management entity （EPA _ CSME） that is the most important component of network delay is analyzed, during which the formulas for the queuing delay of periodic messages and other real time parameters are proposed. Furthermore, an experiment is developed to test each component of network delay of periodic messages transmission in a EPA subnet. According to the experimental and the theoretical analysis, the conclusion is drawn that the delay during which the periodic messages wait for the periodic messages transmission time slice is the main factor that causes considerable network delay, and improvement method is presented.

Human Survival vs. the Kantian Conception of the Self Reflections on Our Evolutionary Make-up

As we all know, Immanuel Kant holds the view that human beings are quintessentially rational creatures; hence, the emotions are not much more than a form of excessive psychological baggage that human beings could do without. Indeed, for anyone familiar with the television series Star Trek, it would seem that according to Kant human beings bear a quite striking resemblance to the individual known as Spock who is a Vulcan and thus a completely rational creature who does not have emotions and feelings. For Kant, that is how human beings should be when they are at their very best as rational creatures. Interestingly, a question that mightily presents itself is whether or not evolution supports Kant＇s ideal conception of human beings as quintessentially rational creatures. It is quite clear that, unlike Vulcans, human beings are capable of emotions and feelings. Indeed, the capacity for emotions and feelings clearly constitutes a fundamental part of the biological make-up of human beings. With that reality, there are two primary ways we can go. On the one hand, we can hold that notwithstanding the capacity that human beings have for emotions and feelings, it is nonetheless the case that humans should mightily strive to realize the Kantian conception of the rational self. On the other hand, we can hold that the emotions and feelings play a very profound and fundamental role in the survival and self-realization of human beings. In what follows, I shall offer a number of considerations in support of the second line of thought; for in point of fact, the first option is not really an option given the psychological configuration of human beings.

Corner forming of AZ61A magnesium alloy tube within warm hydroforming

The comers with small radii on cross sections are crucial for forming hydroformed components with polygonal sections. In this paper, warm hydroforming experiments of AZ61A magnesium alloy tubes were cartied out to study the forming regularity of round comers by using a demonstration part with square sections. Effects of temperature on radius forming, thinning ratio distribution and microstructure were revealed and a component with relative outer corner radius of 3.0 was obtained by warm hydroforming at 240℃. The minimum thickness of the formed square section was located in the transition position between the corner and the straight wall. The thinning ratio of the round corner increased with the increase of forming temperature. Fotmability of the magnesium tube was improved by raising temperature under the effect of dynamic recrystallization at 240℃.

Novel Algorithm for Active Noise Control Systems Based on Frequency Selective Filters

A novel algorithm for active noise control systems based on frequency selective filters （FSFANC） is presented in the paper. The FSFANC aims at the multi-tonal noise attenuation problem. One FSFANC system copes with one of the tonal components, and several FSFANC systems can run independently in paralld to cancel the selected multiple tones. The proposed algorithm adopts a simple structure with only two coefficients that can be explained as the real and imaginary parts of the structure to model the secondary path, and estimates the secondary path by injecting sinusoidal identification signals. Theoretical analysis and laboratory experiments show that the proposed algorithm possesses stone advantages, such as simpler structure, less computational burden, greater stability, and fast converging speed.

Development Strategies of E-commerce for Small and Medium - sized Enterprises

In the economic structure of our country, small and medium-sized enterprises （SMEs） are the most important part of the backbone, with the continuous popularization of the Internet, e-commerce has gradually become a business model that the current small and medium enterprises must face and accept, The development of enterprises is of great signifi cance. In this context, the article first introduced the importance of the development of e-commerce SMEs, and then based on the actual operation of the community put forward and analyzed the current e-commerce development under the existing problems, and finally based on the actual lack of effective Development Strategy of E - commerce for Small and Medium - sized Enterprises.