Objective Striatum may be involved in depressive disorders according to the neuroimaging analysis and clinical data. However, no animal model at present supported the possible role of striatum in the pathogenesis of d...Objective Striatum may be involved in depressive disorders according to the neuroimaging analysis and clinical data. However, no animal model at present supported the possible role of striatum in the pathogenesis of depression. In the present study, we have investigated the depressive-like behavior in mice recently intoxicated with 3-nitropropionic acid （3- NP）, a widely known toxin that selectively damages the striatum in the brain. Methods Mouse model was made with subacute systemic 3-NP treatment, and the depressive-like behavior was measured using the duration of immobility during forced swimming test （FST）. Results When the mice at day 15 post-intoxication just totally recovered from motor deficits, the duration of immobility in FST was significantly longer than that in controls. The depressive-like behavior was not due to the fatigue or general sickness following 3-NP intoxication and could be reversed by the antidepressant, desipramine hydrochloride. In two successive FST in 24 h interval, the depressive-like behavior could be observed again in subsequent FST （at day 16 post-intoxication）, and the mice presented a normal ＂learned helplessness＂. Conclusion A novel depression animal model could be established in mice during the initial period of recovery from 3-NP intoxication. The depression-like behavior might occur independently without involvement of cognitive defects, and the striatal lesions may underlie the depression-like behavior attributable to 3-NP intoxication.展开更多
During the last decades the concept of bile secretion as merely a way to add detergent components to the intestinal mixture to facilitate fat digestion/absorption and to eliminate side products of heine metabolism has...During the last decades the concept of bile secretion as merely a way to add detergent components to the intestinal mixture to facilitate fat digestion/absorption and to eliminate side products of heine metabolism has evolved considerably. In the series of mini-reviews that the World Journal of Gastroenterology is to publish in its section of ＂Highlight Topics＇; we will intend to give a brief but updated overview of our knowledge in this field. This introductory letter is intended to thank all scientists who have contributed to the development of this area of knowledge in gastroenterology.展开更多
AIM： To investigate the effects of troglitazone （TGZ）, an anti-diabetic drug which activates peroxisome proliferatoractivated receptor-y （PPAR-y）, for liver tissue repair, and the development of ductular reaction...AIM： To investigate the effects of troglitazone （TGZ）, an anti-diabetic drug which activates peroxisome proliferatoractivated receptor-y （PPAR-y）, for liver tissue repair, and the development of ductular reaction, following common bile duct ligation （BDL） in rats. METHODS： Rats were supplemented with TGZ （0.2% w/w in the pelleted food） for i wk before BDL or sham operation. Animals were killed at 1, 2, or 4 wk after surgery. RESULTS： The development of liver fibrosis was reduced in rats receiving TGZ, as indicated by significant decreases of procollagen type I gene expression and liver hydroxyproline levels. Accumulation of a-smooth-muscle actin （SMA）-expressing cells surrounding newly formed bile ducts following BDL, as well as total hepatic levels of SMA were partially inhibited by TGZ treatment, indicating the presence of a reduced number and/or activation of hepatic stellate cells （HSC） and myofibroblasts. Development of the ductular reaction was inhibited by TGZ, as indicated by histochemical evaluation and hepatic activity of γ-glutamyltransferase （GGT）. CONCLUSION： Treatment with thiazolidinedione reduces ductular proliferation and fibrosis in a model of chronic cholestasis, and suggests that limiting cholangiocyte proliferation may contribute to the lower development of scarring in this system.展开更多
In this paper, bulk flotation followed by separation was investigated to concentrate purified molybdenite product from Jinduicheng molybdenum ores(Shanxi province, China). The bench scale tests mainly focussed on sepa...In this paper, bulk flotation followed by separation was investigated to concentrate purified molybdenite product from Jinduicheng molybdenum ores(Shanxi province, China). The bench scale tests mainly focussed on separation of molybdenite from other sulfide minerals using the new type of depressants.The effect of each single depressant, including organic depressant-modified dextrin(MD), P-Nokes reagent(PN) and sodium trithiocarbonate(ST), and their mixtures on galena, chalcopyrite and other sulfide ores, was examined in turn by changing the concentrations used in cleaner flotation tests. Closed circuit experiments were carried out under the optimal condition and satisfying recovery and grade of molybdenite concentrate could be achieved(86.294% and 53.157%, respectively). A potential reagent regime was developed, with more environmental friendly and more economical advantages due to the introduction of modified dextrin.展开更多
Venlafaxine, an SNRI （serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor） drug, is commonly used to treat depression. Although it is very rare, venlafaxine may lead to addiction or abuse in some patients. To date, there ar...Venlafaxine, an SNRI （serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor） drug, is commonly used to treat depression. Although it is very rare, venlafaxine may lead to addiction or abuse in some patients. To date, there are very limited data available on venlafaxine addiction. The aim of this article is to draw an attention to dependence of venlafaxine in clinical practice. Significant point of this article is： Our patient was addicted by ＂high＂ doses of venlafaxine for getting high effects. Overdose of venlafaxine produces an amphethamine-like ＂high＂ with experiences of euphoria by its ability to increase neurotransmitter levels in addiction literature [1-3]. We present a man aged 42 years, who was referred to our clinic for detoxification from venlafaxine addiction. He had been taking venlafaxine upto 1,950-2,100 mg/day to get high for the past 10 years. Physicians must be careful when prescribing antidepressants to patients, especially those with a history of alcohol and/or drug addictions or abuse.展开更多
The antidepressant effects of the flavonoid-rieh fraction of Monodora tenuifolia seed extract were examined by assess- ing the extent of attenuation of behavioural alterations and oxidative damage in the rats that wer...The antidepressant effects of the flavonoid-rieh fraction of Monodora tenuifolia seed extract were examined by assess- ing the extent of attenuation of behavioural alterations and oxidative damage in the rats that were stressed by forced swim test. Com- pared with the model control group, the altered behavioural parameters were attenuated significantly （P 〈 0.05） in the group treated with the flavonoid-rich fraction （100 and 200 mg·kg^-1）, comparable to the group treated with the standard drug, fluoxetine （10 mg·kg^-1）. The flavonoid-rich fraction and fluoxetine improved significantly （P 〈 0.05） the activities of the antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase and catalase as well as other biochemical parameters such as reduced glutathione, protein, and nitrite in the brain of the stressed rats. These results suggested that the flavonoid-rich fraction of Monodora tenuifolia seed extract exerted the antidepres- sant-like effects which could be useful in the management of stress induced disease.展开更多
文摘Objective Striatum may be involved in depressive disorders according to the neuroimaging analysis and clinical data. However, no animal model at present supported the possible role of striatum in the pathogenesis of depression. In the present study, we have investigated the depressive-like behavior in mice recently intoxicated with 3-nitropropionic acid （3- NP）, a widely known toxin that selectively damages the striatum in the brain. Methods Mouse model was made with subacute systemic 3-NP treatment, and the depressive-like behavior was measured using the duration of immobility during forced swimming test （FST）. Results When the mice at day 15 post-intoxication just totally recovered from motor deficits, the duration of immobility in FST was significantly longer than that in controls. The depressive-like behavior was not due to the fatigue or general sickness following 3-NP intoxication and could be reversed by the antidepressant, desipramine hydrochloride. In two successive FST in 24 h interval, the depressive-like behavior could be observed again in subsequent FST （at day 16 post-intoxication）, and the mice presented a normal ＂learned helplessness＂. Conclusion A novel depression animal model could be established in mice during the initial period of recovery from 3-NP intoxication. The depression-like behavior might occur independently without involvement of cognitive defects, and the striatal lesions may underlie the depression-like behavior attributable to 3-NP intoxication.
文摘During the last decades the concept of bile secretion as merely a way to add detergent components to the intestinal mixture to facilitate fat digestion/absorption and to eliminate side products of heine metabolism has evolved considerably. In the series of mini-reviews that the World Journal of Gastroenterology is to publish in its section of ＂Highlight Topics＇; we will intend to give a brief but updated overview of our knowledge in this field. This introductory letter is intended to thank all scientists who have contributed to the development of this area of knowledge in gastroenterology.
基金Supported by the Italian MIUR Grant, No. MM_06315722,by the University of Florenceby the Italian Liver Foundation. Eva Efsen was Supported in Part by the Tode Travel Grant, the Direktφr Madsen's GrantFhv. Direktφr Nielsen's Grant (Denmark)
文摘AIM： To investigate the effects of troglitazone （TGZ）, an anti-diabetic drug which activates peroxisome proliferatoractivated receptor-y （PPAR-y）, for liver tissue repair, and the development of ductular reaction, following common bile duct ligation （BDL） in rats. METHODS： Rats were supplemented with TGZ （0.2% w/w in the pelleted food） for i wk before BDL or sham operation. Animals were killed at 1, 2, or 4 wk after surgery. RESULTS： The development of liver fibrosis was reduced in rats receiving TGZ, as indicated by significant decreases of procollagen type I gene expression and liver hydroxyproline levels. Accumulation of a-smooth-muscle actin （SMA）-expressing cells surrounding newly formed bile ducts following BDL, as well as total hepatic levels of SMA were partially inhibited by TGZ treatment, indicating the presence of a reduced number and/or activation of hepatic stellate cells （HSC） and myofibroblasts. Development of the ductular reaction was inhibited by TGZ, as indicated by histochemical evaluation and hepatic activity of γ-glutamyltransferase （GGT）. CONCLUSION： Treatment with thiazolidinedione reduces ductular proliferation and fibrosis in a model of chronic cholestasis, and suggests that limiting cholangiocyte proliferation may contribute to the lower development of scarring in this system.
基金funding from the Innovation Driven Plan of Central South University (No.2016zzts109)the financial support from Jinduicheng Molybdenum Group Co.Ltd.(JDCMMC)
文摘In this paper, bulk flotation followed by separation was investigated to concentrate purified molybdenite product from Jinduicheng molybdenum ores(Shanxi province, China). The bench scale tests mainly focussed on separation of molybdenite from other sulfide minerals using the new type of depressants.The effect of each single depressant, including organic depressant-modified dextrin(MD), P-Nokes reagent(PN) and sodium trithiocarbonate(ST), and their mixtures on galena, chalcopyrite and other sulfide ores, was examined in turn by changing the concentrations used in cleaner flotation tests. Closed circuit experiments were carried out under the optimal condition and satisfying recovery and grade of molybdenite concentrate could be achieved(86.294% and 53.157%, respectively). A potential reagent regime was developed, with more environmental friendly and more economical advantages due to the introduction of modified dextrin.
文摘Venlafaxine, an SNRI （serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor） drug, is commonly used to treat depression. Although it is very rare, venlafaxine may lead to addiction or abuse in some patients. To date, there are very limited data available on venlafaxine addiction. The aim of this article is to draw an attention to dependence of venlafaxine in clinical practice. Significant point of this article is： Our patient was addicted by ＂high＂ doses of venlafaxine for getting high effects. Overdose of venlafaxine produces an amphethamine-like ＂high＂ with experiences of euphoria by its ability to increase neurotransmitter levels in addiction literature [1-3]. We present a man aged 42 years, who was referred to our clinic for detoxification from venlafaxine addiction. He had been taking venlafaxine upto 1,950-2,100 mg/day to get high for the past 10 years. Physicians must be careful when prescribing antidepressants to patients, especially those with a history of alcohol and/or drug addictions or abuse.
基金supported by the Tertiary Education Trust Fund,Nigeria with grant number 2012
文摘The antidepressant effects of the flavonoid-rieh fraction of Monodora tenuifolia seed extract were examined by assess- ing the extent of attenuation of behavioural alterations and oxidative damage in the rats that were stressed by forced swim test. Com- pared with the model control group, the altered behavioural parameters were attenuated significantly （P 〈 0.05） in the group treated with the flavonoid-rich fraction （100 and 200 mg·kg^-1）, comparable to the group treated with the standard drug, fluoxetine （10 mg·kg^-1）. The flavonoid-rich fraction and fluoxetine improved significantly （P 〈 0.05） the activities of the antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase and catalase as well as other biochemical parameters such as reduced glutathione, protein, and nitrite in the brain of the stressed rats. These results suggested that the flavonoid-rich fraction of Monodora tenuifolia seed extract exerted the antidepres- sant-like effects which could be useful in the management of stress induced disease.
