黄芪茨实饮治疗蛋白尿临床疗效观察

笔者自1997年2月至2006年2月，对临床中高血压病糖尿病、急陵性肾炎以及其它疾病出现蛋白尿的患者均采用黄芪茨实饮进行治疗，得到非常满意的疗效，先特将结果报告如下。

蜂实饮治疗肝硬变腹水45例

目的 :观察蜂实饮治疗肝硬变腹水的疗效。方法 :治疗组 4 5例 ,以蜂实饮加常规治疗。同时设立常规保肝、利尿等治疗 4 5例为对照组 ,1个月后观察疗效。结果 :两组总有效率分别为 95 5 6 %和 71 11% ,1个月内腹水消退率分别为 84 4 4 %和 4 8 89%。两组临床疗效 ,1个月内腹水消退率、肝功能恢复情况均有显著性差异 (P <0 0 1)。结论 :蜂实饮治疗肝硬变腹水有较好的疗效。

实骨饮对绝经后骨质疏松症患者骨形成、破坏指标的影响及疗效观察

目的:观察实骨饮对绝经后骨质疏松症患者骨密度(BMD)、血清骨钙素(BGP)、尿吡啶酚(PYD)的影响及临床疗效。方法:将120例绝经后骨质疏松症患者随机分为3组各40例。治疗组予口服中药实骨饮(主要成分:熟地黄、狗脊、淫羊藿、补骨脂、牡蛎、山药等)治疗;西药对照组予口服钙尔奇D片治疗;空白对照组6月内未服用任何治疗骨质疏松症的药物。疗程6月,测定3组治疗前后BMD、BGP、PYD水平,并评定临床疗效。结果:症状改善总有效率治疗组为90．00％、西药对照组为67．50％,2组比较,差异有显著性意义(P<0．05)。治疗后治疗组、西药对照组BMD、BGP、PYD水平均有不同程度改善,但治疗组改善更为明显,与本组治疗前比较,差异有显著性或非常显著性意义(P<0．01,P<0．05);空白对照组6月后以上3项指标则有恶化趋势。结论:实骨饮治疗绝经后骨质疏松症疗效显著。

实脾丹参饮治疗阳虚血瘀型慢性心力衰竭合并代谢综合征患者的临床观察

目的观察实脾丹参饮在治疗阳虚、血瘀体质型慢性心力衰竭合并代谢综合征患者的疗效,探索中医药对中医体质调控作用及对心衰疗效。方法纳入2019年6月~2021年10月心衰合并代谢综合征的患者64例,中医体质符合阳虚、血瘀型。随机分为治疗组和对照组。对照组予常规西药治疗(包括ACEI或ARB、CCB、β受体阻滞剂、硝酸酯类药、利尿剂、降糖药、降脂药);治疗组予常规西药治疗+实脾丹参饮,分2个疗程,每4周1个疗程,每疗程治疗前后记录6 min步行试验、心脏左室射血分数(LVEF)等指标,比较各组BNP、LVEF水平、6 min步行试验等指标变化。结果①治疗组和对照组治疗前后体重指数(BMI)、收缩压(SBP)、舒张压(DBP)、脑钠肽(BNP)、甘油三酯(TG)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、空腹血糖(FBG)、6 min步行试验均有改善,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。其中,治疗组在LVEF及糖化血红蛋白等代谢指标方面更具一定优势。②两组治疗后差值对比:BNP、心脏左室射血分数(LVEF)的差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),6 min步行BNP对比差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论两组均对阳虚血瘀型慢性心力衰竭合并代谢综合征有疗效,治疗组可明显改善BNP和LVEF。

基于网络药理学探讨实脾饮治疗心力衰竭的作用机制

目的应用网络药理学探讨中医经典利水方剂实脾饮在治疗心力衰竭(HF)中发挥的多组分、多靶点、多通路的作用机制。方法在BATMAN-TCM数据库中搜索实脾饮,获得其治疗HF的靶蛋白;通过STRING数据库进行蛋白质相互作用分析,应用Metascape对预测的靶蛋白进行富集总分析,通过David 6.8进行GO富集分析、KEGG通路分析及药物-靶点分析。结果经分析,实脾饮中与治疗HF相关预测靶标蛋白共16种。Metascape富集分析显示其靶蛋白主要有参与调节液循环、调节cGMP-PKG信号通路、调控血管收缩的作用。GO富集分析结果显示,实脾饮治疗心衰的可能作用机制中共有39条富集于生物学过程、10条富集于细胞组分、19条富集于分子途径。KEGG通路分析结果显示,实脾饮各组分所参与的信号转导通路中有21条与HF有关。结论实脾饮治疗HF的作用机制主要与其对肾素-血管紧张素、心肌收缩、及心肌细胞离子转运的调节有关,涉及cGMP-PKG信号通路、Ca^(2+)信号通路、cAMP信号通路,主要靶标蛋白为血管紧张素转换酶(ACE)、钠/钾离子转运ATP酶α1亚基(ATP1A1)、肾上腺素能受体(ADRA2A/ADRA2B)、肿瘤坏死因子(TNF)等。

实脾饮合软肝煎治疗脾肾阳虚型肝硬化腹水的临床研究

目的分析实脾饮合软肝煎治疗脾肾阳虚型肝硬化腹水的临床效果与安全性。方法选取我院2016年1月-2020年1月收治的210例脾肾阳虚型肝硬化腹水患者,随机分为联合组、实脾饮组、软肝煎组,各70例,均给予常规西药治疗,并按照组别分别给予实脾饮合软肝煎、实脾饮、软肝煎治疗。3组患者治疗均持续4周。记录3组患者症状消失时间,并比较3组患者治疗前后肝肾功能、腹围、尿量及体重变化,评价3组临床疗效与安全性。结果联合组腹胀、黄疸、无力、下肢浮肿、少尿、纳呆症状消失时间均低于实脾饮组、软肝煎组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。3组治疗4周后总胆红素(TBIL)、谷丙转氨酶(ALT)、尿素氮(BUN)、肌酐(CRE)均较治疗前下降,白蛋白(ALB)均较治疗前升高;联合组治疗4周后TBIL、ALT、BUN、CRE均低于实脾饮组、软肝煎组,其ALB高于实脾饮组、软肝煎组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。3组治疗4周后腹围、体质量均较治疗前下降,尿量均较治疗前升高;联合组治疗4周后腹围、体质量均低于实脾饮组、软肝煎组,其尿量高于实脾饮组、软肝煎组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。联合组总有效率为91.43%(64/70),高于实脾饮组、软肝煎组的68.57%(48/70)、70.00%(49/70),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。3组治疗期间均未见明显不良反应发生。结论实脾饮合软肝煎治疗脾肾阳虚型肝硬化腹水安全性佳,且在改善肝肾功能、缓解临床症状、提高临床疗效方面的作用优于非联合治疗。

孙彬运用实脾软肝饮治疗肝硬化经验

肝硬化是一种持续进展性疾病,是指在多种致病因素的共同作用下所形成的以肝脏弥漫性肝纤维化、假小叶形成、肝内外血管增殖为特征的病理阶段。肝硬化失代偿期可发生多种并发症,累及多个脏器,最终可危及生命。孙彬教授认为,该病的发主要归于肝、脾、肾三脏功能失调,病情迁延日久,耗损正气,肝、脾进一步受损,进而累及肾,孙彬教授将肝硬化分为肝郁脾虚、肝郁脾虚兼血瘀、气虚血瘀3个证型,从肝、脾、肾三脏论治,根据各个证型的不同特点,以自拟方实脾软肝饮为基础方加减,疗效显著。

实脾消积饮含药血清对肝癌HepG2细胞线粒体动力学平衡和铁死亡的影响

目的从细胞线粒体动力学平衡和铁死亡角度探讨实脾消积饮治疗原发性肝癌的可能作用机制。方法制备实脾消积饮含药血清,体外培养肝癌HepG2细胞。设置空白组、对照组、顺铂组(10μg/ml)及5%、10%、15%含药血清组,每组设4个复孔。各组加入相应的药物,37℃、5%CO_(2)培养24 h后采用CCK-8实验计算细胞存活率,Transwell小室侵袭实验培养48 h后计算穿过基质胶到达上层小室膜的细胞数量,划痕实验培养24 h、48 h计算划痕迁移率,筛选含药血清浓度进行后续实验。实验设置对照组、10%含药血清组(筛选出的浓度)、10%含药血清+Mdivi-1组,培养24 h后检测线粒体、活性氧(ROS)平均荧光强度及三磷酸腺苷(ATP)含量,检测细胞胞浆和线粒体动力相关蛋白1(Drp1)、线粒体磷酸化动力相关蛋白1(p-Drp1)蛋白表达。实验设置对照组、10%含药血清组、铁死亡激活剂组(Erastin,10μmol/L)、10%含药血清+铁死亡抑制剂组(ferrostatin-1,10μmol/L),各组加入相应药物后培养24 h,检测细胞内谷胱甘肽(GSH)、丙二醛(MDA)含量以及亚铁离子水平,检测细胞中溶质载体家族7成员11(SLC7A11)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶4(GPX4)蛋白表达。结果与对照组比较,各浓度的含药血清组和顺铂组细胞存活率、侵袭个数及24 h、48 h划痕迁移率均降低(P<0.01);随着含药血清浓度的增加,含药血清组细胞存活率、侵袭个数及48 h划痕迁移率逐渐降低(P<0.01),最终筛选出10%实脾消积饮含药血清作为后续实验干预浓度。与对照组相比,10%含药血清组线粒体平均荧光强度及ATP含量降低,ROS平均荧光强度升高(P<0.05);与10%含药血清组比较,10%含药血清+Mdivi-1组线粒体平均荧光强度、ATP含量升高,ROS平均荧光强度降低(P<0.05或P<0.01)。与对照组比较,其余各组细胞中GSH含量及SLC7A11、GPX4蛋白表达降低,MDA含量及亚铁离子水平升高(P<0.05或P<0.01);与铁死亡激活剂组比较,10%含药血清组和10%含药血清+铁死亡抑制剂组MDA含量及亚铁离子水平降低,SLC7A11、GPX4蛋白表达升高(P<0.05或P<0.01);与10%含药血清组比较,10%含药血清+铁死亡抑制剂组GSH含量亦升高(P<0.01)。结论实脾消积饮含药血清可能通过引起线粒体动力学失衡及诱导铁死亡,抑制肝癌HepG2细胞的增殖、侵袭与迁移,从而发挥抗肝癌作用。

悬饮治验3则

悬饮为痰饮之一,是由外感寒湿,或饮食劳倦、或痰瘀内结、或脏腑偏虚,以致输化失常,水液停积,而变生痰饮,流于胁下所致。其中邪盛者为实饮,长期伏而不去者为伏饮,留而不行者为留饮。笔者辨治上述3证,疗效满意,介绍如下。 1 峻下逐水愈实饮钮某某,女,60岁,农民。1984年9月28日就诊。发热咳嗽,右胸疼痛,气短息促25天,中西药物治疗罔效而入院。症见咳嗽痰多,色白夹黄,呼吸急促,恶心纳少,右下肋间饱满。

Effects of soy components on blood and liver lipids in rats fed high-cholesterol diets

AIM: To assess the effects of soy protein, isoflavone, and saponin on liver and blood lipid in rats that consumed high-cholesterol diets.METHODS: High-cholesterol diets (1%) with or without soy material were fed to 6-wk-old male Sprague-Dawley rats for 8 wk. Blood lipids, liver lipids, glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT), and glutamic pyruvic transaminase (GPT) levels were measured. The in vitro bile acid-binding ability of soy materials was analyzed.RESULTS: The results of in vitro studies showed that soy protein isolate had a significantly higher bile acid-binding ability (8.4±0.8%) than soy saponin (3.1±0.7%) and isoflavone (1.3±0.4%, P＜0.05). On the other hand, at the end of the experimental period, rats that consumed soy protein diets had lower GOT and GPT levels than rats that consumed casein under high-cholesterol diets.Rats that consumed soy protein also had lower total cholesterol (TC) levels in the liver than those that consumed casein under high-cholesterol diets. Rats that consumed the soy protein diet containing both saponin and isoflavone had lower hepatic TC level than those that consumed the soy protein diet without isoflavone alone.The effect of different types of proteins on triglyceride was not significant.CONCLUSION: Consumption of soy provided benefits to control lipid levels under high-cholesterol dieting conditions in this rat model of hypercholesterolemia. The major component that reduced hepatic TC was not saponin, but possibly isoflavone.

Effects of ursodeoxycholic acid and/or low-calorie diet on steatohepatitis in rats with obesity and hyperlipidemia

AIM:To evaluate the effects of ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) and/or low-calorie diet (LCD) on a rat model of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). METHODS: Fifty-five Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into five groups. The control group (n = 9) was fed with standard rat diet for 12 wk, NASH group (n = 10) was fed with high-fat diet consisted of normal diet, 10% lard oil and 2% cholesterol for 12 wk, UDCA group (n = 10) was fed with high-fat diet supplemented with UDCA at a dose of 25 mg/(kg · d) in drinking water for 12 wk, LCD group (n = 10) was fed with high-fat diet for 10 wk and then LCD for 2 wk, and UDCA+LCD group (n = 15) was fed with high-fat diet for 10 wk, followed by LCD+UDCA for 2 wk. At the end of the experiment, body weight, serum biochemical index, and hepatopathologic changes were examined. RESULTS: Compared with the control group, rats in the NASH group had significantly increased body weight, liver weight, and serum lipid and aminotransferase levels. All rats in the NASH group developed steatohepatitis, as determined by their liver histology. Compared with the NASH group, there were no significant changes in body weight, liver weight, blood biochemical index, the degree of hepatic steatosis, and histological activity index (HAI) score in the UDCA group; however, body and liver weights were significantly decreased, and the degree of steatosis was markedly improved in rats of both the LCD group and the UDCA+LCD group, but significant improvement with regard to serum lipid variables and hepatic inflammatory changes were seen only in rats of the UDCA+LCD group, and not in the LCD group. CONCLUSION: LCD might play a role in the treatment of obesity and hepatic steatosis in rats, but it exerts no significant effect on both serum lipid disorders and hepatic inflammatory changes. UDCA may enhance the therapeutic effects of LCD on steatohepatitis accompanied by obesity and hyperlipidemia. However, UDCA alone is not effective in the prevention of steatohepatitis induced by high-fat diet.

Differential effects of energy balance on experimentally-induced colitis

AIM： To characterize the influence of diet-induced changes in body fat on colitis severity in SlVlAD3-/- mice.METHODS： SMAD3-/- mice （6-8 wk of age） were ran- domly assigned to receive a calorie restricted （30% of control; CR）, control （CON）, or high fat （HF） diet for 20 wk and were gavaged with sterile broth or with Helicobacter hepaticus （H. hepaticus） to induce colitis. Four weeks after infection, mice were sacrificed and the cecum and colons were processed for histological evaluation.RESULTS： Dietary treatment significantly influenced body composition prior to infection （P 〈 0.05）, with CR mice having less （14%±2%） and HF-fed mice more body fat （32% ± 7%） compared to controls （22%±4%）. Differences in body composition were associated with alterations in plasma levels of leptin （HF 〉 CON 〉 CR） and adiponectin （CON 〉 HF 〉/ CR） （P 〈 0.05）. There were no significant differences in colitis scores between CON and HF-fed mice 4 wk post-infection. Consistent with this, differences in proliferation and in- flammation markers （COX-2, iNOS）, and infiltrating cell types （CD3^＋ T lymphocytes, macrophages） were not observed. Unexpectedly, only 40% of CR mice survived infection with H. hepaticus, with mortality observed as early as I wk following induction of colitis.CONCLUSION： Increased adiposity does not influence colitis severity in SMAD3-/- mice. Importantly, caloric restriction negatively impacts survival following pathogen challenge, potentially due to an impaired immune response.

Effect of probiotics on growth performance, development of small intestinal tract and microbial populations in broilers

The experiment was conducted using a total of 1392 one-day-old, Cobb commercial male broilers to investigate the effects of a commercial probiotic addition in diet on growth, the development of the small intestine and microbial populations of broilers. Broilers were randomly allotted by BW to 1 of 6 replicate cages （29 chicks per cage） for each of 8 treatments in a randomized block design involving one factorial arrangement of treatments. Dietary treatments included the basal diet （including corn, soybean, rapeseed, cottonseed meal） added with 100 mg/kg antibiotic, 0%, 0.05%, 0.1%, 0.15%, 0.2%, 0.25% or 0.3%. The experiment last 42 d and divided into the starter period （1-21 d） and the finisher period （22-42 d）. The results showed that there were significant differences in broiler body weight （BW） （P〈0.001）, average daily feed intake （ADFI） （P=0.033）, relative length of the duodenum （P〈0.001）, jejunum （P=0.008）, ileum （P〈0.001） and the populations of lactobacillus （P〈0.001） and coliform （P〈0.001） in the rectum between the probiotics treatments and the control treatment only in the starter period of the trails. No significant differences were observed in intestinal morphology parameters in two periods of the experiment. Our results indicated that the probiotic was able to improve the performance of broiler chickens, and it was better in the starter period to be used than in the finisher period.

Combination of chlorine and magnetic ion exchange resin for drinking water treatment of algae

The effectiveness of a magnetic ion exchange resin （MIEX） for the treatment of Hongze Lake water in China was evaluated, The kinetics of natural organic matter （NOM） removal at various MIEX doses and contact time, multiple-loading experiments, impacts of MIEX prior to coagulation on coagulant demands and the effectiveness of combination of MIEX, pre-chlorination and coagulation were investigated. Kinetic experimental results show that more than 80% UV254 and 67% dissolved organic carbon （DOC） from raw water can be removed by the use of MIEX alone. 94% sulfate, 69% nitrate and 98% bromide removals are obtained after the first use of MIEX in multiple-loading experiments. It is suggested that MIEX can be loaded up to 1 250 bed volume （BV, volume ratio of tested water to resin） or more without saturation when regarding organics removal as a target. MIEX can remove organics to a greater extend than coagulation and lower the coagulant demand when combining with coagulation. Chlorination experimental results show that MIEX can remove 57% chlorine demand and 77% trihalomethane formation potential （THMFP） for raw water. Pre-chlorination followed by MIEX and coagulation can give additional organic and THMFP removals. The results suggest that MIEX provides a new method to solve thc problem algae reproduction.

Effect of High Digestible Essential Amino Acids on Weight Gains and Carcass Compositions of Laying Hens

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of high digestible essential amino acids （DEAA） on weight gains and carcass compositions of laying hens. Three hundred and sixty lsa Brown hens in five replications per treatment （12 birds/replicate） were used. Six experimental diets which contained of treatment 1 （negative control） as the conventional layer diet are recommended by NRC （1994） while another dietary treatments; treatments 2 （positive control）, 3, 4, 5 and 6 were formulated to meet 100%, 110%, 120%, 130% and 140% of Standard Ileal Digestible Lysine Levels （SIDLL） without crude protein minimum, while methionine （Met）, threonine （Thre） and tryptophan （Tryp） as related by Ideal Protein Concept （IPC） which suggested by NRC （1994） and INRA （2004）. However, metabolizable energy （ME）, calcium and available phosphorus （Avai P） levels of all experimental diets were meet requirement as recommended by NRC （1994）. The experiment was assigned in CRD and laying hens fed dietary treatments from 28 to 44 weeks of age and cage was the experimental unit （3 hens/cage）. The result shown that percentages of thigh （TP）, feet （FP）, drumstick （DP）, heart （HP）, liver （LP） and gizzard （GP） were not affected by dietary treatment. However, weight gains （WG） and percentage of dressed weight （DWP）, eviscerate weight （EWP） and breast （BP） were increased （P 〈 0.05） and abdominal fat was reduced （P 〈 0.05） when birds fad diets containing 130% of SIDLL as compared with control group and another dietary treatments, when increasing the DEAA levels upper to 130% of SIDLL. The result indicated that diets formulated without crude protein minimum and increased DEAA resulted in increasing the efficiency of converting metabolizable energy （ME） to net energy （NE） for increasing weight gain and improved meat products while fat deposition in carcass composition was reduced.

Influence of dietary Lys levels and dietary net energy levels on growth performance and nitrogen balance of growing pigs

Two experiments were conducted to determine the effects of L y s ine（Lys） and Net Energy （NE） levels on growth performance （Exp. I） and N balance （Exp. 2） in growing pig. In Exp. 1, 36 castrated pigs [21.35 -4- 0.55 kg of body weight （BW）] were allotted to six treatments with six replicates per treatment. Pigs were fed two levels of Lys （low and high） and three levels of NE （low, med, or high） in a 2×3 factorial arrangement. The experiment lasted for 35 d. There were no effects of dietary Lys and NE on pig performance （P〉0.05, but a Lys×NE interaction in ADG was observed （P〈0.05）. In Exp. 2, 24 pigs were used to determine the effects of diet in Exp. 1 on pig N balance. Neither Lys nor NE level affected N retention （g/d） （P〉0.0）. Lys×NE interaction in N retention （g/d） （P〈0.01） and in N apparent biological value （ABV） （P〈0.05） was observed. Pigs fed the low Lys diet had lower serum urea nitrogen （SUN） concentrations compared with the high Lys treatment （P〈0.01）. Pigs fed the med-NE diet had lower SUN concentrations compared with the pigs fed the low-NE diet （P〈0.1）. These results suggest that pigs from 21 kg to 50 kg BW fed diets containing 0.83% standardized ileal digestible Lysine and 2351 Kcal of NE/kg had maximum ADG and N retention.

Design of a Hydraulic System for Liquid Packaging

The paper analyzes the dynamic behaviour of an industrial system devoted to the automated hydraulic packaging of beverages. More in detail, a lumped and distributed numerical approach is used to model both the filling system and the multi-actuators hydraulic circuit needed to shape and separate the packages. The model reliability and accuracy are addressed by means of a numerical vs. experimental comparison of the main hydraulic and mechanical quantities for an actual production rate. Afterwards, the system architecture is redesigned in order to obtain higher production rates, and the effects of the hydraulic behaviour variation on the hydraulic efficiency are highlighted. Finally, a sensitivity analysis with respect to the main design parameters is carried out, in order to determine the circuit layout that maximizes the system efficiency in the whole production-rate range.

A Study of Food Waste in the Catering Industry in Beijing

Currently,the topic of food waste and its environmental impacts is attracting increasing attention among academic researchers.Based on an investigation of restaurants in Beijing,this study analyzes the quantities,structures,characteristics and costs of the agricultural resources related to food waste in the catering industry in Beijing.The results show that:(1)The average food waste per capita per meal is about 75.02 g(raw)for food away from home among Beijing urban residents,which means that about 10.52%of the food is wasted.(2)According to the quantitative ranking of different categories of food waste,vegetable is the most wasted,followed by meat,aquatic products,and grains.The foods in the other categories are wasted much less.(3)Food waste is affected by the restaurant type,as well as the number,gender,age,education level,and consumption motivation of the consumers.(4)Based on the estimated food waste per capita,about 417.92 thousand tons of food is wasted annually at the consumption stage in the catering industry in Beijing.This food waste amount is equivalent to approximately 765.53 tons of cereals which are wasted,and this represents 79.66%of cereals production and 13.15%of cereals consumption in Beijing.Estimated by the required land use,this amount of food waste means that the total production of approximately 166.12 thousand ha of arable land is being wasted in Beijing.

Experimental and model comparisons of H_2O_2 assisted UV photodegradation of Microcystin-LR in simulated drinking water

The degradation of Microcystin-LR (MC-LR) in water by hydrogen peroxide assisted ultraviolet (UV/H2O2) process was investigated in this paper. The UV/H2O2 process appeared to be effective in removal of the MC-LR. MC-LR decomposition was primarily ascribed to production of strong and nonselective oxidant-hydroxyl radicals within the system. The intensity of UV radiation, initial concentration of MC-LR, MC-LR purity, dosages of H2O2, the initial solution pH, and anions present in water, to some extent, influenced the degradation rate of MC-LR. A modified pseudo-first-order kinetic model was developed to predict the removal efficiency under different experimental conditions.