To provide a scientific basis for sustainable land management, a 20-year fertility experiment was conducted in Changwu County, Shaanxi Province, China to investigate the effects of long-term application of chemical fe...To provide a scientific basis for sustainable land management, a 20-year fertility experiment was conducted in Changwu County, Shaanxi Province, China to investigate the effects of long-term application of chemical fertilizers on wheat grain yield and yield stability on the Loess Plateau using regression and stability analysis. The experiment consisted of 17 fertilizer treatments, containing the combinations of different N and P levels, with three replications arranged in a randomized complete block design. Nitrogen fertilizer was applied as urea, and P was applied as calcium superphosphate. Fertilizer rates had a large effect on the response of wheat yield to fertilization. Phosphorus, combined with N, increased yield significantly (P 〈 0.01). In the unfertilized control and the N or P sole application treatments, wheat yield had a declining trend although it was not statistically significant. Stability analysis combined with the trend analysis indicated that integrated use of fertilizer N and P was better than their sole application in increasing and sustaining the productivity of rainfed winter wheat.展开更多
The study investigated the response of Amaranth to irrigation depth and irrigation interval as well as poultry waste incorporation. A replicated 4 ×3 × 3 factorial arrangement with treatments consisting of p...The study investigated the response of Amaranth to irrigation depth and irrigation interval as well as poultry waste incorporation. A replicated 4 ×3 × 3 factorial arrangement with treatments consisting of percent organic matter incorporation (0%, 2%, 4% and 6% by weight), irrigation interval (1, 3 and 5 days) and irrigation depth (4, 6 and 8 mm) was used for the experiment which was conducted in pots in a green house. The result of the experiment showed that percent organic matter incorporation, irrigation interval, and irrigation depth significantly (P 〈 0.05) affected the dry matter yield of the vegetable. However, only the percent organic matter incorporation and irrigation interval were significant (P 〈 0.05) in their effects on the plant height. The highest plant height of 12.03 cm occurred when 2% organic matter was incorporated into the soil while the lowest plant height of 9.04 cm occurred with 6% organic matter incorporation. The maximum plant yield (47.44 kg/ha) occurred when 2% poultry litter was incorporated into the soil while the lowest plant yield (31.57 kg/ha) occurred with the control experiment. Irrigation interval of three days as well as irrigation depth of 6 mm resulted in the highest plant height and maximum dry matter yield of the vegetable. From the result of the experiment, the factor combination of 2% organic matter incorporation with 6 mm irrigation depth applied at three days irrigation interval resulted in the highest plant height of 16.7 cm above ground surface and maximum yield of 67.8 kg/ha.展开更多
Callosobruchus subinnotatus Pic. (Coleoptera: Bruchinae) is the most important depredator of Bambara groundnut seeds (Vigna subterranea Verd.) in West Africa. In view of an efficient control of its populations, s...Callosobruchus subinnotatus Pic. (Coleoptera: Bruchinae) is the most important depredator of Bambara groundnut seeds (Vigna subterranea Verd.) in West Africa. In view of an efficient control of its populations, some of the biological parameters of C. subinnotatus were determined under laboratory conditions (30 ± 2℃; 72 ± 2% HR; 12h: 12h LD). The results have shown that the mean lifespan of females (11.36±1.85 days) is shorter than that of males (15.14 ±2.4 days). The female lays 80.83% eggs within the first 6 days after her emergence with a mean fecundity of 121.34 ±27.62 eggs. The means egg fertility, survival and adult emergence rates are respectively 96.19±1.45%, 97.72 ± 1.08% and 94.01± 2.14%. The sex ratio is in favor of males with a mean of 0.845 ± 0.08. The monitoring of adult emergence in connection with their reproductive status showed that the offspring of C. subinnotatus consists of two physiotypes, a reproductive type that appears during the first 8 days of emergence with a short development time (28.35± 3.36 days) and a non reproductive type that appears from the 9th day of emergence with a longer development time (37.92 ± 3.92 days).展开更多
The yield behavior of metallic glasses was studied. Three yield criteria, including von Mises yield criterion, Mohr-Coulomb yield criterion and the unified yield criterion were used to describe the yield phenomena of ...The yield behavior of metallic glasses was studied. Three yield criteria, including von Mises yield criterion, Mohr-Coulomb yield criterion and the unified yield criterion were used to describe the yield phenomena of the metallic glasses. Two classes of the experimental data were chosen to draw the yield loci using the unified yield criterion. It is shown that the unified yield criterion can be used to describe the yield behavior of the metallic glasses no matter whether the metallic glasses show strength- different effect or non-strength-different effect. Almost all the widely accepted yield criteria are the subsets of the unified yield criterion if the intermediate principle stress and/or the intermediate principle shear stress are not considered at all.展开更多
The presented work is based on laboratory testing of seed germination speed, emergence and seedling growth under different stress conditions simulated by subnormal water revel, extreme high and low temperatures. It al...The presented work is based on laboratory testing of seed germination speed, emergence and seedling growth under different stress conditions simulated by subnormal water revel, extreme high and low temperatures. It allows one to eliminate the plant materials (initial breeding materials and cultivars) which do not tolerate extreme temperatures and temperature changes during germination, have low water use efficiency and is intolerant to abiotic stressors all right at the seed level. It was confirmed that these genotypes also have poor t^eld emergence and initial root growth implications for further vegetation periods, mainly for over wintering and spring regeneration which has significant influence on the yield. The method also represents the tool for screening genetic resources with the resistance to the abiotic stressors and this technology process is also acceptable for other crops. The results confirm the importance of the seed and root characteristics for crop production. The deteriorating quality of soil in recent years, increasing variability of weather and long periods of drought directly support the need to intensify activities in this research. Obtained results also show the influence of seed quality characteristics on roots and above ground parts of the plant. A relationship exists also vice versa.展开更多
Animation professional talented person's raise is the premise and basis to ensure the healthy development of animation industry in China.ln this paper, combining with the experience of teaching practice on the teachi...Animation professional talented person's raise is the premise and basis to ensure the healthy development of animation industry in China.ln this paper, combining with the experience of teaching practice on the teaching methods, curriculum, system arrangement and so on are studied and thinking, analysis of the problems existing in current practices in the animation teaching in colleges and universities, and put forward effective solutions, how to improve the teaching quality, cultivate and teaching requirements in accordance with the high quality of animation professionals, is the focus of the research in this paper.Therefore, this paper introduced the exploration and research of the above problems.展开更多
基金Project supported by the Agricultural Development Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (No. KSCX1-YWN1504)the West Light Foundation of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (No. 2005404)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 50479065 and 40601041).
文摘To provide a scientific basis for sustainable land management, a 20-year fertility experiment was conducted in Changwu County, Shaanxi Province, China to investigate the effects of long-term application of chemical fertilizers on wheat grain yield and yield stability on the Loess Plateau using regression and stability analysis. The experiment consisted of 17 fertilizer treatments, containing the combinations of different N and P levels, with three replications arranged in a randomized complete block design. Nitrogen fertilizer was applied as urea, and P was applied as calcium superphosphate. Fertilizer rates had a large effect on the response of wheat yield to fertilization. Phosphorus, combined with N, increased yield significantly (P 〈 0.01). In the unfertilized control and the N or P sole application treatments, wheat yield had a declining trend although it was not statistically significant. Stability analysis combined with the trend analysis indicated that integrated use of fertilizer N and P was better than their sole application in increasing and sustaining the productivity of rainfed winter wheat.
文摘The study investigated the response of Amaranth to irrigation depth and irrigation interval as well as poultry waste incorporation. A replicated 4 ×3 × 3 factorial arrangement with treatments consisting of percent organic matter incorporation (0%, 2%, 4% and 6% by weight), irrigation interval (1, 3 and 5 days) and irrigation depth (4, 6 and 8 mm) was used for the experiment which was conducted in pots in a green house. The result of the experiment showed that percent organic matter incorporation, irrigation interval, and irrigation depth significantly (P 〈 0.05) affected the dry matter yield of the vegetable. However, only the percent organic matter incorporation and irrigation interval were significant (P 〈 0.05) in their effects on the plant height. The highest plant height of 12.03 cm occurred when 2% organic matter was incorporated into the soil while the lowest plant height of 9.04 cm occurred with 6% organic matter incorporation. The maximum plant yield (47.44 kg/ha) occurred when 2% poultry litter was incorporated into the soil while the lowest plant yield (31.57 kg/ha) occurred with the control experiment. Irrigation interval of three days as well as irrigation depth of 6 mm resulted in the highest plant height and maximum dry matter yield of the vegetable. From the result of the experiment, the factor combination of 2% organic matter incorporation with 6 mm irrigation depth applied at three days irrigation interval resulted in the highest plant height of 16.7 cm above ground surface and maximum yield of 67.8 kg/ha.
文摘Callosobruchus subinnotatus Pic. (Coleoptera: Bruchinae) is the most important depredator of Bambara groundnut seeds (Vigna subterranea Verd.) in West Africa. In view of an efficient control of its populations, some of the biological parameters of C. subinnotatus were determined under laboratory conditions (30 ± 2℃; 72 ± 2% HR; 12h: 12h LD). The results have shown that the mean lifespan of females (11.36±1.85 days) is shorter than that of males (15.14 ±2.4 days). The female lays 80.83% eggs within the first 6 days after her emergence with a mean fecundity of 121.34 ±27.62 eggs. The means egg fertility, survival and adult emergence rates are respectively 96.19±1.45%, 97.72 ± 1.08% and 94.01± 2.14%. The sex ratio is in favor of males with a mean of 0.845 ± 0.08. The monitoring of adult emergence in connection with their reproductive status showed that the offspring of C. subinnotatus consists of two physiotypes, a reproductive type that appears during the first 8 days of emergence with a short development time (28.35± 3.36 days) and a non reproductive type that appears from the 9th day of emergence with a longer development time (37.92 ± 3.92 days).
基金Projects(51011120053, 50823006, 50825102) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China
文摘The yield behavior of metallic glasses was studied. Three yield criteria, including von Mises yield criterion, Mohr-Coulomb yield criterion and the unified yield criterion were used to describe the yield phenomena of the metallic glasses. Two classes of the experimental data were chosen to draw the yield loci using the unified yield criterion. It is shown that the unified yield criterion can be used to describe the yield behavior of the metallic glasses no matter whether the metallic glasses show strength- different effect or non-strength-different effect. Almost all the widely accepted yield criteria are the subsets of the unified yield criterion if the intermediate principle stress and/or the intermediate principle shear stress are not considered at all.
文摘The presented work is based on laboratory testing of seed germination speed, emergence and seedling growth under different stress conditions simulated by subnormal water revel, extreme high and low temperatures. It allows one to eliminate the plant materials (initial breeding materials and cultivars) which do not tolerate extreme temperatures and temperature changes during germination, have low water use efficiency and is intolerant to abiotic stressors all right at the seed level. It was confirmed that these genotypes also have poor t^eld emergence and initial root growth implications for further vegetation periods, mainly for over wintering and spring regeneration which has significant influence on the yield. The method also represents the tool for screening genetic resources with the resistance to the abiotic stressors and this technology process is also acceptable for other crops. The results confirm the importance of the seed and root characteristics for crop production. The deteriorating quality of soil in recent years, increasing variability of weather and long periods of drought directly support the need to intensify activities in this research. Obtained results also show the influence of seed quality characteristics on roots and above ground parts of the plant. A relationship exists also vice versa.
文摘Animation professional talented person's raise is the premise and basis to ensure the healthy development of animation industry in China.ln this paper, combining with the experience of teaching practice on the teaching methods, curriculum, system arrangement and so on are studied and thinking, analysis of the problems existing in current practices in the animation teaching in colleges and universities, and put forward effective solutions, how to improve the teaching quality, cultivate and teaching requirements in accordance with the high quality of animation professionals, is the focus of the research in this paper.Therefore, this paper introduced the exploration and research of the above problems.