谷氨酰胺对半滑舌鳎稚鱼非特异性免疫相关酶活力和低氧应激后HIF-1α表达的影响

为探讨饲料中谷氨酰胺对半滑舌鳎稚鱼非特异性免疫以及低氧应激后HIF-1α表达的影响,实验共设计了4种谷氨酰胺添加量分别为0、0.5%、1.0%和2.0%的等氮等脂微颗粒饲料(游离谷氨酰胺测定值分别为0.03%、0.46%、0.91%和1.73%),饲喂35日龄半滑舌鳎稚鱼[平均干重(10.64±0.86)mg]。每天饱食投喂5次,养殖周期30d,养殖结束后进行低氧应激实验。研究结果表明,谷氨酰胺添加量为0.5%时半滑舌鳎稚鱼鱼体溶菌酶(LZM)活力显著高于未添加组(P<0.05)。饲料中不同谷氨酰胺水平对鱼体总一氧化氮合酶(TNOS)活力和诱导型一氧化氮合酶(i NOS)活力没有显著影响(P>0.05)。实验克隆了半滑舌鳎低氧应激关键基因——缺氧诱导因子1α(HIF-1α),得到749 bp半滑舌鳎HIF-1α核心序列,系统进化树分析表明半滑舌鳎HIF-1α氨基酸序列与大部分鱼类具有较高同源性。定量PCR结果显示,饲料中谷氨酰胺水平对低氧应激后半滑舌鳎稚鱼内脏团HIF-1α表达量未产生显著影响(P>0.05)。综上所述,在饲料中添加谷氨酰胺能够显著增强半滑舌鳎稚鱼鱼体溶菌酶活力(P<0.05),提高非特异性免疫水平。

Effect of Palm Oil By-pass Fat on Milk Composition of Early Lactation Holstein Cows Fed Whole Plant Corn Silage during Dry Season

The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of Palm Oil By-pass Fat （POBF） on milk composition of early lactation Holstein during dry season, 24 postpartum Holstein （1 d-14 d） were selected and align to two groups according to CRD experimental design; each group included 12 Holstein cows. The control received by-pass fat 0 g/h.d, the experimental group received by-pass fat 300 g/h.d. The results shown, DMI and yield of milk did not be affected with supplementation of by-pass fat, however, milk protein increased by 6.71%, milk fat increased by 8.16%, lactose increased by 0.22%, SNF increased by 1.98%, TS increased 4.08%; digestibility of diet protein decreased by 6.62%, digestibility of EE decreased by 7.96%, digestibility of NDF and ADL decreased by 1.36%, 8.97% respectively, digestibility of DM and OM decreased by 4.42, 3.07 percentage units; amount of C4-C17 milk fatty acids showed a decreased tendency, that of CIs-C22 showed an increased tendency, the milk CLA increased significantly （P 〈 0.01）. To sum up, supplementation of by-pass fat for early lactation Holstein is an important measure to balance energy and sustain milk yield and quality.