亲社会行为泛指一切有利于他人和社会的行为,包括合作、分享、助人等。亲社会行为的发展不仅有利于个体的发展,对于社会问题的解决、人类命运共同体的构建也意义重大。任何理解、预测或促进亲社会行为的科学尝试都需要一个适当的测量工...亲社会行为泛指一切有利于他人和社会的行为,包括合作、分享、助人等。亲社会行为的发展不仅有利于个体的发展,对于社会问题的解决、人类命运共同体的构建也意义重大。任何理解、预测或促进亲社会行为的科学尝试都需要一个适当的测量工具。目前亲社会行为的测量工具多种多样,包括一般性或是具有针对性的自我报告工具(如,亲社会倾向量表)、观察法指标(如他人观察和专家编码)和实验室情境中的行为任务(如,情景故事法)。文章系统探讨了测量亲社会行为的现有方法、各自的优点和缺点以及改进的可能性,并综合心理测量学和研究目的两个角度,给出一定的应用建议,希望为亲社会行为领域的研究者带来一点启示。Prosocial behavior refers to all actions that benefit others and society, including cooperation, sharing, and helping. The development of prosocial behavior is not only advantageous for individual growth, but also holds significant importance for addressing social issues and fostering a community with a shared future for humanity. Any scientific attempt to understand, predict, or promote prosocial behavior requires an appropriate measurement tool. Currently, there are a variety of measurement tools for prosocial behavior, including general or specific self-report instruments (e.g., prosocial tendency scales), observational indicators (such as peer observations and expert coding), and behavioral tasks in laboratory settings (e.g., scenario storytelling methods). This review systematically explored the existing methods for measuring prosocial behavior, highlighting their respective advantages and disadvantages, as well as potential improvements. By integrating perspectives from psychometrics and research objectives, we provided practical recommendations aimed at offering insights for researchers in the field of prosocial behavior.展开更多
文摘亲社会行为泛指一切有利于他人和社会的行为,包括合作、分享、助人等。亲社会行为的发展不仅有利于个体的发展,对于社会问题的解决、人类命运共同体的构建也意义重大。任何理解、预测或促进亲社会行为的科学尝试都需要一个适当的测量工具。目前亲社会行为的测量工具多种多样,包括一般性或是具有针对性的自我报告工具(如,亲社会倾向量表)、观察法指标(如他人观察和专家编码)和实验室情境中的行为任务(如,情景故事法)。文章系统探讨了测量亲社会行为的现有方法、各自的优点和缺点以及改进的可能性,并综合心理测量学和研究目的两个角度,给出一定的应用建议,希望为亲社会行为领域的研究者带来一点启示。Prosocial behavior refers to all actions that benefit others and society, including cooperation, sharing, and helping. The development of prosocial behavior is not only advantageous for individual growth, but also holds significant importance for addressing social issues and fostering a community with a shared future for humanity. Any scientific attempt to understand, predict, or promote prosocial behavior requires an appropriate measurement tool. Currently, there are a variety of measurement tools for prosocial behavior, including general or specific self-report instruments (e.g., prosocial tendency scales), observational indicators (such as peer observations and expert coding), and behavioral tasks in laboratory settings (e.g., scenario storytelling methods). This review systematically explored the existing methods for measuring prosocial behavior, highlighting their respective advantages and disadvantages, as well as potential improvements. By integrating perspectives from psychometrics and research objectives, we provided practical recommendations aimed at offering insights for researchers in the field of prosocial behavior.
