目前,小流域的水文实验迫切需要高精度的水位数据,但常规使用的厘米级水位计难以满足实验小流域测量水位的高精度要求。为了帮助实验小流域选择适用的高精度水位计,初选出多种较高精度的水位计,系统开展了4个比测实验,包括静水稳定性、...目前,小流域的水文实验迫切需要高精度的水位数据,但常规使用的厘米级水位计难以满足实验小流域测量水位的高精度要求。为了帮助实验小流域选择适用的高精度水位计,初选出多种较高精度的水位计,系统开展了4个比测实验,包括静水稳定性、阶步式升降水位、现场模拟洪峰和天然径流过程比测。结果表明:根据综合绝对误差,探针式、压力式2型(电容型)和磁致伸缩式水位计精度达到0.4 mm以内,浮子式水位计的精度为 0.5 mm ,压力式1型(电阻型)水位计精度达不到毫米级;磁致伸缩式水位计可以精确地获取低水头条件下的水位过程,适合实验小流域的高精度水位监测。比测结果可为径流、降雨、蒸发和下渗等过程的高精度监测提供参考。展开更多
In order to predict long-term flooding under extreme weather conditions in central Asia, an energy balance-based distributed snowmelt runoff model was developed and coupled with the Soil and Water Assessment Tool(SWAT...In order to predict long-term flooding under extreme weather conditions in central Asia, an energy balance-based distributed snowmelt runoff model was developed and coupled with the Soil and Water Assessment Tool(SWAT) model. The model was tested at the Juntanghu watershed on the northern slope of the Tian Shan Mountains, Xinjiang,China. We compared the performances of temperature-index method and energy balanced method in SWAT model by taking Juntanghu river basin as an application example(as the simulation experiment was conducted in Juntanghu River, we call the energy balanced method as SWAT-JTH). The results suggest that the SWAT snowmelt model had overall Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency(NSE) coefficients ranging from 0.61 to 0.85 while the physical based approach had NSE coefficients ranging from 0.58 to0.69. Overall, on monthly scale, the SWAT model provides better results than that from the SWAT-JTH model. However, results generated from both methods seem to be fairly close at a daily scale. Thestructure of the temperature-index method is simple and produces reasonable simulation results if the parameters are well within empirical ranges. Although the data requirement for the energy balance method in current observation is difficult to meet and the existence of uncertainty is associated with the experimental approaches of physical processes, the SWAT-JTH model still produced a reasonably high NSE. We conclude that using temperature-index methods to simulate the snowmelt process is sufficient, but the energy balance-based model is still a good choice to simulate extreme weather conditions especially when the required data input for the model is acquired.展开更多
This study aims to understand the particle size distribution and depositional styles of glacierassociated deposits in the Moxi basin in southwest China. Based on field surveys, 28 samples from glacier-associated depos...This study aims to understand the particle size distribution and depositional styles of glacierassociated deposits in the Moxi basin in southwest China. Based on field surveys, 28 samples from glacier-associated deposits(including glacial till,fluvioglacial, debris flow, river and lake deposits)were collected and tested in the laboratory. The results showed that the glacier-associated deposits can be differentiated based on particle gradation,particle size distribution and accumulated percentages. We evaluated the evolution of a former dammed lake in the Moxi basin based on glacierassociated deposits. The results of this study also indicated that the Moxi Platform was not formed by a single depositional process but is composed of both fluvioglacial and debris flow deposits. This research shows that the depositional style analysis is useful in identifying different glacier-associated deposits in high mountain regions. Moreover, the evaluation of the differences in particle sizes of the glacierassociated deposits is useful in reconstructing geohazard events in periglacial regions, and this information can help in identifying and reducing the potential risks associated with geo-hazards.展开更多
文摘目前,小流域的水文实验迫切需要高精度的水位数据,但常规使用的厘米级水位计难以满足实验小流域测量水位的高精度要求。为了帮助实验小流域选择适用的高精度水位计,初选出多种较高精度的水位计,系统开展了4个比测实验,包括静水稳定性、阶步式升降水位、现场模拟洪峰和天然径流过程比测。结果表明:根据综合绝对误差,探针式、压力式2型(电容型)和磁致伸缩式水位计精度达到0.4 mm以内,浮子式水位计的精度为 0.5 mm ,压力式1型(电阻型)水位计精度达不到毫米级;磁致伸缩式水位计可以精确地获取低水头条件下的水位过程,适合实验小流域的高精度水位监测。比测结果可为径流、降雨、蒸发和下渗等过程的高精度监测提供参考。
基金financially supported by the Ministry of Water Resources (MWR) public sector research and special funds-the most stringent in arid zone water resources management key technologies (201301103)National Nature Science Foundation of China (NSFC) under Grant No. 41130641, 41201025+1 种基金Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Eco-Oasis Open Topic-Moisture change in Central Asia and its influence on precipitation in Xinjang Province (XJDX0201-2013-07)the Tianshan Scholar Start-up Fund provided by Xinjiang University
文摘In order to predict long-term flooding under extreme weather conditions in central Asia, an energy balance-based distributed snowmelt runoff model was developed and coupled with the Soil and Water Assessment Tool(SWAT) model. The model was tested at the Juntanghu watershed on the northern slope of the Tian Shan Mountains, Xinjiang,China. We compared the performances of temperature-index method and energy balanced method in SWAT model by taking Juntanghu river basin as an application example(as the simulation experiment was conducted in Juntanghu River, we call the energy balanced method as SWAT-JTH). The results suggest that the SWAT snowmelt model had overall Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency(NSE) coefficients ranging from 0.61 to 0.85 while the physical based approach had NSE coefficients ranging from 0.58 to0.69. Overall, on monthly scale, the SWAT model provides better results than that from the SWAT-JTH model. However, results generated from both methods seem to be fairly close at a daily scale. Thestructure of the temperature-index method is simple and produces reasonable simulation results if the parameters are well within empirical ranges. Although the data requirement for the energy balance method in current observation is difficult to meet and the existence of uncertainty is associated with the experimental approaches of physical processes, the SWAT-JTH model still produced a reasonably high NSE. We conclude that using temperature-index methods to simulate the snowmelt process is sufficient, but the energy balance-based model is still a good choice to simulate extreme weather conditions especially when the required data input for the model is acquired.
基金funded by The China Geological Survey (Grant No. 12120113010200)Ministry of Science and Technology of the People’s Republic of China (Grant No. 2011FY110100-5)The National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 41101086)
文摘This study aims to understand the particle size distribution and depositional styles of glacierassociated deposits in the Moxi basin in southwest China. Based on field surveys, 28 samples from glacier-associated deposits(including glacial till,fluvioglacial, debris flow, river and lake deposits)were collected and tested in the laboratory. The results showed that the glacier-associated deposits can be differentiated based on particle gradation,particle size distribution and accumulated percentages. We evaluated the evolution of a former dammed lake in the Moxi basin based on glacierassociated deposits. The results of this study also indicated that the Moxi Platform was not formed by a single depositional process but is composed of both fluvioglacial and debris flow deposits. This research shows that the depositional style analysis is useful in identifying different glacier-associated deposits in high mountain regions. Moreover, the evaluation of the differences in particle sizes of the glacierassociated deposits is useful in reconstructing geohazard events in periglacial regions, and this information can help in identifying and reducing the potential risks associated with geo-hazards.
