Over the past 20 years,sonar imaging technology particularly for the high-technology sector has been a focus of research,in which many developed countries,especially those with coast lines,have been competing with eac...Over the past 20 years,sonar imaging technology particularly for the high-technology sector has been a focus of research,in which many developed countries,especially those with coast lines,have been competing with each other.It has seen a rapid development with increasing widespread applications that has played an important and irreplaceable role in underwater exploration with great prospects for social,economic,scientific,and military benefits.The fundamental techniques underlying sonar imaging,including multi-beamforming,synthetic-aperture and inverse synthetic-aperture sonar,acoustic lensing,and acoustical holography,are described in this paper.This is followed by a comprehensive and systematic review on the advantages and disadvantages of these imaging techniques,applicability conditions,development trends,new ideas,new methods,and improvements in old methods over recent years with an emphasis on the situation in China,along with a bold and constructive prediction to some development characteristics of sonar imaging technology in the near future in China.The perspectives presented in this paper are offered with the idea of providing some degree of guidance and promotion of research on sonar imaging technology.展开更多
Since the 1990s, with the in-depth study and understanding of sustainable development, quantitative study of regional sustainable development (RSD) was increasingly hot in China. Based on quantitative study of RSD fro...Since the 1990s, with the in-depth study and understanding of sustainable development, quantitative study of regional sustainable development (RSD) was increasingly hot in China. Based on quantitative study of RSD from Core Periodical in China National Knowledge Infrastructure (1992–2008), statistical analysis on the annual distribution, periodicals distribution and changes of the distribution were made. And from perspectives of social–economic, ecological, systematic and emerging methods, the course, problems and trends of the quantitative study methods on RSD were examined and analyzed to get a clear summary. By the review, the context on the quantitative study of RSD was to be clarified. The study also showed that, primarily, fields involving quantitative study are expanding; second, big progresses and constant development have been made on the systematic method gradually sophisticated, the flourishing ecological method and emerging new methods in the context of cross and integration which has made complex integrated systems a more satisfactory solution; third, the method system has been more multi-angled, and the clues of independent innovation have been observed despite the fact that the introduction of imported method is the main trend. Although many problems exist, multi-scale study, dynamic timeseries study and inter-regional comparative study will be further exploited and increasingly carried out with the progress of spatial information technology, which would boost the development and application of new methods in RSD study.展开更多
This paper provides an overview of the state of art of reverse logistics and current status of waste management problems with special emphasis on developing countries. Logistics activities have been practiced and play...This paper provides an overview of the state of art of reverse logistics and current status of waste management problems with special emphasis on developing countries. Logistics activities have been practiced and played a fundamental role in the global economic development for over 5,000 years. It has then been transformed into different logistics branches and elaborates the emergency of reverse logistics as one of the most important. The paper presents the evolution of logistics into reverse logistics and how it relates to waste management both in the developed and developing world. Reverse logistics is a relatively new phenomenon in the research area which is mainly referring to damaged goods, the take back of products that should be returned to the manufacturers or distributors. Reverse logistics is relatively more practiced in an organized way in the developed world than in the developing countries in that the latter provided less value additions on reversed products.展开更多
Neutron radiography is one of radiography non-destructive testing.It is a valuable complementary of X and γ rays radiography.The present status and history of neutron radiography in China was described briefly,facili...Neutron radiography is one of radiography non-destructive testing.It is a valuable complementary of X and γ rays radiography.The present status and history of neutron radiography in China was described briefly,facilities of neutron radiography and their development were introduced in this paper.展开更多
With the development of China＇ s industry, the domestic industrial parks greatly emerge and thus give rise to the diversity of pollutants in chemical wastewater. In this paper, the main sources of China＇ s chemical ...With the development of China＇ s industry, the domestic industrial parks greatly emerge and thus give rise to the diversity of pollutants in chemical wastewater. In this paper, the main sources of China＇ s chemical industry wastewater, main pollutants types and the wastewater characteristics of the chemical industry＇ s different branches are introduced, the related technologies and methods mainly applied to chemical industry wastewater treatment at home and abroad are analyzed and the application of different chemical wastewater treatment process is explained, and also all sorts of treatment technologies, methods, and processes are reviewed, and finally the study achievements and problems of all technol^ogies are concluded.展开更多
We collected leiognathid fishes from the Hainan Island and Beibu Gulf between November 2007 and December 2008.Ten of these specimens were identified as Nuchequula blochii (Valenciennes 1835),which is the first record ...We collected leiognathid fishes from the Hainan Island and Beibu Gulf between November 2007 and December 2008.Ten of these specimens were identified as Nuchequula blochii (Valenciennes 1835),which is the first record of this species in China's waters.These specimens are distinguished by the combination of these characteristics:breast fully scaled,cheek naked,anteroventral profile of the lower jaw almost straight,a conspicuous dark blotch distally on the anterior part of spinous portion of dorsal fin,a yellow blotch distally on posterior part of spinous portion of dorsal fin,and a dark blotch on nape.This paper reviews the genus Nuchequula and describes three species that occur in China's waters.展开更多
The International Accounting Standards Board （IASB） is one of the largest independent accounting standard setters whose publications, International Financial Reporting Standards （IFRSs）, have revolutionalized the ...The International Accounting Standards Board （IASB） is one of the largest independent accounting standard setters whose publications, International Financial Reporting Standards （IFRSs）, have revolutionalized the accounting profession, investors, finance providers, and the entire accounting information stakeholder community. The conceptual frameworks are the theoretical accounting bases that are constituted by a set of principles that underlie as a bedrock foundation cornerstone for the development and updating of IFRSs. The existing conceptual frameworks were issued by IASB in 2010, after long years of protracted and wide consultation and joint project with the biggest American standard setter Financial Accounting Standards Board （FASB）. In year 2013, the IASB embarked on a solo project to update the conceptual framework and issued a discussion paper （DP/2013/1） to its users and stakeholder community for comments. The methodology used in this study of an extensive review of literature （secondary/primary） from the discussion paper, existing conceptual framework, and comment letters from investors, accounting, insurance, and international audit firms has been manipulated. The findings revealed that the existing conceptual framework has opposing objectives especially that of decision usefulness （future-oriented information） and concepts of ＂prudence and stewardship/accountability＂, which are deeply embedded within the framework as subsumed, but their prominence has been overshadowed and watered down by not identifying them as objectives. The finding also revealed that almost all public accounting and audit firms are advocating not only for the reinstatement of the ＂prudence and stewardship/accountability＂ but also for a clear definition of recognition, de-recognition, and measurement of statement of financial position elements （assets and liabilities） and also elements of the comprehensive income statement （revenues and expenses）, which have seriously compromised investors, public accounting profession, learning/teaching of a framework-based understanding, and the entire IFRS user stakeholder community. A recommendation for further studying the abandoned joint IASB/FASB project should be investigated in the best interest of international accounting standards convergence.展开更多
This paper presents a review of soil contamination resulting from e-waste recycling activities, with a special focus on China, where many data have been collected for a decade. Soils in the e-waste areas are often con...This paper presents a review of soil contamination resulting from e-waste recycling activities, with a special focus on China, where many data have been collected for a decade. Soils in the e-waste areas are often contaminated by heavy metals and organic compounds, mainly polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons （PAHs）, polybrominated diphenyl ethers （PBDEs）, polychlorinated and polybrominated biphenyls （PCBs and PBBs）, dechlorane plus （DP）, hexabromocyclododecanes （HBCDs）, polychlorinated and polybrominated dibenzo- p-dioxins （PCDDs and PBDDs）, and polychlorinated and polybrominated dibenzofurans （PCDFs and PBDFs）, while other compounds, not systematically monitored, can be found as well. Pollutants are generally present in mixtures, so pollution situations are complex and diversified with a gradient of contamination from agricultural soils to hot spots at e-waste sites and mainly in open burning areas. It has been proved that pollutants were transferred to the food chain via rice in China, and that the population was threatened since high levels of various pollutants were detected in blood, placentas, hair, etc., of residents of e-waste sites. Eventually, soil remediation techniques are reviewed. Although there are many available techniques devoted to heavy metals and persistent organic pollutants, the current techniques for the e-waste sites, where these contaminants coexist, are very sparse. Phytoremediation has been investigated and co-cropping appears as a promising approach for the slightly contaminated agricultural soils. In some cases, different remediation techniques should be combined or trained, while the influence of coexisting contaminants and the removal sequence of contaminants should be considered. In hot spots, physical and chemical techniques should be used to reduce high pollution levels to prevent further pollutant dissemination. This review highlights the urgent needs for 1） characterization of pollution status in all the countries where e-wastes are recycled, 2） research on fate and toxicity of pollutant mixtures, and 3） development of combined techniques and strategies to remediate agricultural fields and hot spots of pollution.展开更多
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.41076060)
文摘Over the past 20 years,sonar imaging technology particularly for the high-technology sector has been a focus of research,in which many developed countries,especially those with coast lines,have been competing with each other.It has seen a rapid development with increasing widespread applications that has played an important and irreplaceable role in underwater exploration with great prospects for social,economic,scientific,and military benefits.The fundamental techniques underlying sonar imaging,including multi-beamforming,synthetic-aperture and inverse synthetic-aperture sonar,acoustic lensing,and acoustical holography,are described in this paper.This is followed by a comprehensive and systematic review on the advantages and disadvantages of these imaging techniques,applicability conditions,development trends,new ideas,new methods,and improvements in old methods over recent years with an emphasis on the situation in China,along with a bold and constructive prediction to some development characteristics of sonar imaging technology in the near future in China.The perspectives presented in this paper are offered with the idea of providing some degree of guidance and promotion of research on sonar imaging technology.
基金supported by Research Projects of Province-ministry Co-constructing Henan University (Grant no. SBGJ090111)Research Projects of Social Science Plan in Shandong Province (Grant no. 08DJGJ16)Humanities and Social Science Research Projects Authorized by Education Department of Shandong Province (Grant no. J08WE14)
文摘Since the 1990s, with the in-depth study and understanding of sustainable development, quantitative study of regional sustainable development (RSD) was increasingly hot in China. Based on quantitative study of RSD from Core Periodical in China National Knowledge Infrastructure (1992–2008), statistical analysis on the annual distribution, periodicals distribution and changes of the distribution were made. And from perspectives of social–economic, ecological, systematic and emerging methods, the course, problems and trends of the quantitative study methods on RSD were examined and analyzed to get a clear summary. By the review, the context on the quantitative study of RSD was to be clarified. The study also showed that, primarily, fields involving quantitative study are expanding; second, big progresses and constant development have been made on the systematic method gradually sophisticated, the flourishing ecological method and emerging new methods in the context of cross and integration which has made complex integrated systems a more satisfactory solution; third, the method system has been more multi-angled, and the clues of independent innovation have been observed despite the fact that the introduction of imported method is the main trend. Although many problems exist, multi-scale study, dynamic timeseries study and inter-regional comparative study will be further exploited and increasingly carried out with the progress of spatial information technology, which would boost the development and application of new methods in RSD study.
文摘This paper provides an overview of the state of art of reverse logistics and current status of waste management problems with special emphasis on developing countries. Logistics activities have been practiced and played a fundamental role in the global economic development for over 5,000 years. It has then been transformed into different logistics branches and elaborates the emergency of reverse logistics as one of the most important. The paper presents the evolution of logistics into reverse logistics and how it relates to waste management both in the developed and developing world. Reverse logistics is a relatively new phenomenon in the research area which is mainly referring to damaged goods, the take back of products that should be returned to the manufacturers or distributors. Reverse logistics is relatively more practiced in an organized way in the developed world than in the developing countries in that the latter provided less value additions on reversed products.
文摘Neutron radiography is one of radiography non-destructive testing.It is a valuable complementary of X and γ rays radiography.The present status and history of neutron radiography in China was described briefly,facilities of neutron radiography and their development were introduced in this paper.
文摘With the development of China＇ s industry, the domestic industrial parks greatly emerge and thus give rise to the diversity of pollutants in chemical wastewater. In this paper, the main sources of China＇ s chemical industry wastewater, main pollutants types and the wastewater characteristics of the chemical industry＇ s different branches are introduced, the related technologies and methods mainly applied to chemical industry wastewater treatment at home and abroad are analyzed and the application of different chemical wastewater treatment process is explained, and also all sorts of treatment technologies, methods, and processes are reviewed, and finally the study achievements and problems of all technol^ogies are concluded.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos.30970317 and 41006084)Scientific Research Foundation for Guangdong Ocean University (No. 0912173)Special Foundation for Introduction Talent of Educational Commission of Guangdong Province (No. 0909128)
文摘We collected leiognathid fishes from the Hainan Island and Beibu Gulf between November 2007 and December 2008.Ten of these specimens were identified as Nuchequula blochii (Valenciennes 1835),which is the first record of this species in China's waters.These specimens are distinguished by the combination of these characteristics:breast fully scaled,cheek naked,anteroventral profile of the lower jaw almost straight,a conspicuous dark blotch distally on the anterior part of spinous portion of dorsal fin,a yellow blotch distally on posterior part of spinous portion of dorsal fin,and a dark blotch on nape.This paper reviews the genus Nuchequula and describes three species that occur in China's waters.
文摘The International Accounting Standards Board （IASB） is one of the largest independent accounting standard setters whose publications, International Financial Reporting Standards （IFRSs）, have revolutionalized the accounting profession, investors, finance providers, and the entire accounting information stakeholder community. The conceptual frameworks are the theoretical accounting bases that are constituted by a set of principles that underlie as a bedrock foundation cornerstone for the development and updating of IFRSs. The existing conceptual frameworks were issued by IASB in 2010, after long years of protracted and wide consultation and joint project with the biggest American standard setter Financial Accounting Standards Board （FASB）. In year 2013, the IASB embarked on a solo project to update the conceptual framework and issued a discussion paper （DP/2013/1） to its users and stakeholder community for comments. The methodology used in this study of an extensive review of literature （secondary/primary） from the discussion paper, existing conceptual framework, and comment letters from investors, accounting, insurance, and international audit firms has been manipulated. The findings revealed that the existing conceptual framework has opposing objectives especially that of decision usefulness （future-oriented information） and concepts of ＂prudence and stewardship/accountability＂, which are deeply embedded within the framework as subsumed, but their prominence has been overshadowed and watered down by not identifying them as objectives. The finding also revealed that almost all public accounting and audit firms are advocating not only for the reinstatement of the ＂prudence and stewardship/accountability＂ but also for a clear definition of recognition, de-recognition, and measurement of statement of financial position elements （assets and liabilities） and also elements of the comprehensive income statement （revenues and expenses）, which have seriously compromised investors, public accounting profession, learning/teaching of a framework-based understanding, and the entire IFRS user stakeholder community. A recommendation for further studying the abandoned joint IASB/FASB project should be investigated in the best interest of international accounting standards convergence.
文摘This paper presents a review of soil contamination resulting from e-waste recycling activities, with a special focus on China, where many data have been collected for a decade. Soils in the e-waste areas are often contaminated by heavy metals and organic compounds, mainly polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons （PAHs）, polybrominated diphenyl ethers （PBDEs）, polychlorinated and polybrominated biphenyls （PCBs and PBBs）, dechlorane plus （DP）, hexabromocyclododecanes （HBCDs）, polychlorinated and polybrominated dibenzo- p-dioxins （PCDDs and PBDDs）, and polychlorinated and polybrominated dibenzofurans （PCDFs and PBDFs）, while other compounds, not systematically monitored, can be found as well. Pollutants are generally present in mixtures, so pollution situations are complex and diversified with a gradient of contamination from agricultural soils to hot spots at e-waste sites and mainly in open burning areas. It has been proved that pollutants were transferred to the food chain via rice in China, and that the population was threatened since high levels of various pollutants were detected in blood, placentas, hair, etc., of residents of e-waste sites. Eventually, soil remediation techniques are reviewed. Although there are many available techniques devoted to heavy metals and persistent organic pollutants, the current techniques for the e-waste sites, where these contaminants coexist, are very sparse. Phytoremediation has been investigated and co-cropping appears as a promising approach for the slightly contaminated agricultural soils. In some cases, different remediation techniques should be combined or trained, while the influence of coexisting contaminants and the removal sequence of contaminants should be considered. In hot spots, physical and chemical techniques should be used to reduce high pollution levels to prevent further pollutant dissemination. This review highlights the urgent needs for 1） characterization of pollution status in all the countries where e-wastes are recycled, 2） research on fate and toxicity of pollutant mixtures, and 3） development of combined techniques and strategies to remediate agricultural fields and hot spots of pollution.
