People′s environmental tropism has an effect on their understanding of tourism-nature relationship,and also influences their attitudes to natural resources utilization and environmental protection.Taking Jiuzhaigou N...People′s environmental tropism has an effect on their understanding of tourism-nature relationship,and also influences their attitudes to natural resources utilization and environmental protection.Taking Jiuzhaigou National Park of China as a study case,the authors conducted some quantitative analyses with the tools of SPSS 16.0 and LISREL 8.7,to explore the influence of tourists′ environmental tropism on their attitudes to tourism and nature conservation in the natural tourist destination.Three hypotheses and the theoretic model of influences of tourists′ environmental tropism on their attitudes to tourism and nature conservation have been tested and accepted based on the Structural Equation Model analysis on survey data collected in Jiuzhaigou National Park of China.Some conclusions were drawn as follows: 1) tourists′ human-prioritized concept influences their cognition to tourism-nature relationship.This concept has a positive influence on their supportive attitudes to tourism,but a negative influence on their attitudes to nature conservation;2) tourists′ human-nature coordination concept has a positive influence on their supportive attitudes to both tourism and nature conservation,especially to the latter.This paper generally proves that human′s environmental tropism does have an influence on their attitudes to tourism and nature conservation in natural tourist destinations.展开更多
The main purpose of this study is to put forward a reasonable idea of the general protection for Singing Sand Moun- tain and Crescent Moon Spring, a rare and unique desert wonder, and of sustainable tourism developmen...The main purpose of this study is to put forward a reasonable idea of the general protection for Singing Sand Moun- tain and Crescent Moon Spring, a rare and unique desert wonder, and of sustainable tourism development based on the research on the ecological environment around. Methods of documentation, case study and comparison were employed. Finally, aiming at solving the problems of natural environment and those existing after the exploitation of Singing Sand Mountain and Crescent Moon Spring the author puts forward three measures: the com- prehensive treatment for Crescent Moon Spring (broadening re- sources of water and reducing expenditures, checking the de- creasing depth of Crescent Moon Spring, and improving the geo- graphical environment), the general protection envisions for Singing Sand Mountain and Crescent Moon Spring and establish- ing a dynamic monitoring and early-warning system of regional ecosystem.展开更多
The article presents research findings related to recreational use of forests located in protected mountainous areas with forestage of over 80%. The study was designed to identify recreational potential of the Carpath...The article presents research findings related to recreational use of forests located in protected mountainous areas with forestage of over 80%. The study was designed to identify recreational potential of the Carpathian national parks （Bieszczady National Park, Bahia G6ra National Park, Goree National Park and Magura National Park; southern Poland） and to compare these findings with the actual number of visitors. The information received on the recreational potential of parks is important from the point of view of protection of natural resources and the financial situation of the parks. The calculated ratio may be an effective tool of management for park administration, that allows to reconcile statutory social and protective functions of national parks. The study determined the recreational potential of the forests with the use of recreational valorisation method designed for areas with varied terrain, and the evaluated factors included the stands of trees with their habitat and land relief. The permissible number of national park visitors, expressed as man- hour/ha/year ranges from 19.31 in Bieszczady National Park （BG： 19~ 35＇ E, 49~ 35＇ N） to 32.06 in in Bieszczady National Park （B： 22~ 40＇ E, 49~ lo＇ N）. In 3 out of 4 investigated parks, Magura National Park （M： 21025＇ E, 49~ 30＇ N）, Gorce National Park （G： 20~ lo＇ E, 49~ 35＇ N）, B） recreation carrying capacity was not exceeded, whether or not the strictly protected area is taken into account. Only in BG was the recreation carrying capacity exceeded by nearly 24%, or by 85% if the strictly protected area isexcluded from tourism-related exploitation. The presented procedure for monitoring access to mountain forests in national parks, from the viewpoint of natural resources conservation, can be applied in other mountainous areas covered with forests and exposed to tourist and recreational traffic, and in forests facing particular risk of recreational damage, e.g. in urban and suburban forests growing in areas with varied orography.展开更多
From 1989-2009, 1,430 bear management report forms collected at Brooks Camp, KNP （Katmai National Park）, were placed in 1 of 9 categories representing bear-human interactions of concern. Using non-parametrical stati...From 1989-2009, 1,430 bear management report forms collected at Brooks Camp, KNP （Katmai National Park）, were placed in 1 of 9 categories representing bear-human interactions of concern. Using non-parametrical statistics the categories identified dominance interactions, fish-related dominance interactions, food obtained, food-related incidents, fish stolen, property damage, and use of deterrents either decreasing or exhibiting no significant trends over time. Aggressive behavior by bears towards park staff in bear management situations increased. An elevated walkway and platform at Brooks Falls and an electric fence at the campground marked significant decrease in bear-human interactions in these areas. Changes in fishing regulations in 1998 marked significant decreases in number of fish stolen. Changes in minimum distance regulations in 2003 marked no change in number of dominance interactions or bluff charges. Efforts to facilitate visitor traffic in areas around the floating bridge have marked significant increases in number of bear-human interactions. Management and policy efforts have been successful in minimizing bear-human interactions. Habituation of bears to human activity has likely contributed to both minimizing general interactions and increased aggressive bear behavior towards management staff. This study provides examples of successful adaptive management tactics for bears and humans in a visitor oriented setting.展开更多
基金Under the auspices of Sino-British Fellowship Trust by British Academy (No.SG-47266)National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.49571031)Foundation of China Scholarship Council (No.2008619067)
文摘People′s environmental tropism has an effect on their understanding of tourism-nature relationship,and also influences their attitudes to natural resources utilization and environmental protection.Taking Jiuzhaigou National Park of China as a study case,the authors conducted some quantitative analyses with the tools of SPSS 16.0 and LISREL 8.7,to explore the influence of tourists′ environmental tropism on their attitudes to tourism and nature conservation in the natural tourist destination.Three hypotheses and the theoretic model of influences of tourists′ environmental tropism on their attitudes to tourism and nature conservation have been tested and accepted based on the Structural Equation Model analysis on survey data collected in Jiuzhaigou National Park of China.Some conclusions were drawn as follows: 1) tourists′ human-prioritized concept influences their cognition to tourism-nature relationship.This concept has a positive influence on their supportive attitudes to tourism,but a negative influence on their attitudes to nature conservation;2) tourists′ human-nature coordination concept has a positive influence on their supportive attitudes to both tourism and nature conservation,especially to the latter.This paper generally proves that human′s environmental tropism does have an influence on their attitudes to tourism and nature conservation in natural tourist destinations.
文摘The main purpose of this study is to put forward a reasonable idea of the general protection for Singing Sand Moun- tain and Crescent Moon Spring, a rare and unique desert wonder, and of sustainable tourism development based on the research on the ecological environment around. Methods of documentation, case study and comparison were employed. Finally, aiming at solving the problems of natural environment and those existing after the exploitation of Singing Sand Mountain and Crescent Moon Spring the author puts forward three measures: the com- prehensive treatment for Crescent Moon Spring (broadening re- sources of water and reducing expenditures, checking the de- creasing depth of Crescent Moon Spring, and improving the geo- graphical environment), the general protection envisions for Singing Sand Mountain and Crescent Moon Spring and establish- ing a dynamic monitoring and early-warning system of regional ecosystem.
文摘The article presents research findings related to recreational use of forests located in protected mountainous areas with forestage of over 80%. The study was designed to identify recreational potential of the Carpathian national parks （Bieszczady National Park, Bahia G6ra National Park, Goree National Park and Magura National Park; southern Poland） and to compare these findings with the actual number of visitors. The information received on the recreational potential of parks is important from the point of view of protection of natural resources and the financial situation of the parks. The calculated ratio may be an effective tool of management for park administration, that allows to reconcile statutory social and protective functions of national parks. The study determined the recreational potential of the forests with the use of recreational valorisation method designed for areas with varied terrain, and the evaluated factors included the stands of trees with their habitat and land relief. The permissible number of national park visitors, expressed as man- hour/ha/year ranges from 19.31 in Bieszczady National Park （BG： 19~ 35＇ E, 49~ 35＇ N） to 32.06 in in Bieszczady National Park （B： 22~ 40＇ E, 49~ lo＇ N）. In 3 out of 4 investigated parks, Magura National Park （M： 21025＇ E, 49~ 30＇ N）, Gorce National Park （G： 20~ lo＇ E, 49~ 35＇ N）, B） recreation carrying capacity was not exceeded, whether or not the strictly protected area is taken into account. Only in BG was the recreation carrying capacity exceeded by nearly 24%, or by 85% if the strictly protected area isexcluded from tourism-related exploitation. The presented procedure for monitoring access to mountain forests in national parks, from the viewpoint of natural resources conservation, can be applied in other mountainous areas covered with forests and exposed to tourist and recreational traffic, and in forests facing particular risk of recreational damage, e.g. in urban and suburban forests growing in areas with varied orography.
文摘From 1989-2009, 1,430 bear management report forms collected at Brooks Camp, KNP （Katmai National Park）, were placed in 1 of 9 categories representing bear-human interactions of concern. Using non-parametrical statistics the categories identified dominance interactions, fish-related dominance interactions, food obtained, food-related incidents, fish stolen, property damage, and use of deterrents either decreasing or exhibiting no significant trends over time. Aggressive behavior by bears towards park staff in bear management situations increased. An elevated walkway and platform at Brooks Falls and an electric fence at the campground marked significant decrease in bear-human interactions in these areas. Changes in fishing regulations in 1998 marked significant decreases in number of fish stolen. Changes in minimum distance regulations in 2003 marked no change in number of dominance interactions or bluff charges. Efforts to facilitate visitor traffic in areas around the floating bridge have marked significant increases in number of bear-human interactions. Management and policy efforts have been successful in minimizing bear-human interactions. Habituation of bears to human activity has likely contributed to both minimizing general interactions and increased aggressive bear behavior towards management staff. This study provides examples of successful adaptive management tactics for bears and humans in a visitor oriented setting.
