坚持农业家庭经营方式,改革创新农村经营体制

一号文件连续第十年聚焦三农。2013年一号文件《关于加快发展现代农业进一步增强农村发展活力的若干意见》，是未来五到十年农村工作的一份纲领性文件，是对过去十年我国农业农村工作成功经验的科学总结，突出表现在以现代农业建设为中心，发挥基本经营制度优越性，构建新型农业经营体系的大政方针几个方面，其中包括农村经营体制的改革创新、农村土地确权登记颁证、征地制度改革、为进城农民工解决户籍和公共服务问题等。

在中国农业现代化进程中要坚持家庭经营方式

今年世界粮食年的主题是“家庭农业,供养世界,关爱地球”.实际上家庭经营是一个普世模式,不管是美国、欧洲这些发达国家和地区,还是像中国这样的发展中国家,基本上都是采取家庭经营的方式.我们对全球的农业发展的经验研究表明,家庭农业不仅仅适用手工劳动这种传统农业,同时也适用现代农业.

农村家庭经营方式的变化与农地产权制度的创新

农地产权制度要随着农村家庭经营方式的变化而进行调整,在不同的阶段,进行相应的制度创新。随着农村家庭的变化,农地产权制度更多地表现为探索性区域性过渡性特性/。

转型与升级:我国农业家庭经营的必由之路——基于农业现代化的视角

以小规模分散农户粗放经营为主要特点的传统农业家庭经营方式在资源环境约束趋紧、农产品国际国内价格倒挂、小生产与大市场矛盾凸显、农民老龄化、农户兼业化、农业副业化进一步加剧等现实压力下越来越难以为继,难以担当我国农业现代化的历史重任。传统农业家庭经营转型升级成为我国农业现代化的必然选择。具体而言,传统农业家庭经营转型升级包括土地由小规模分散经营向适度规模经营转型,农业经营主体由传统农户向专业大户、家庭农场升级,农业家庭经营方式由传统的粗放经营向集约经营转型,农业家庭经营形式由过去分户封闭生产经营向参与社会化分工的开放合作经营转型,农业家庭经营战略由单一的农业经营向一、二、三产业融合发展升级。

怎么让农民富起来

习近平总书记提出，中国要强，农业必须强；中国要美，农村必须美；中国要富，农民必须富。让农业强起来，让农村美起来，特别是让农民富起表，关系到我们能不能够如期全面建成小康社会，关系到“三农”中国梦能不能实现。那么，怎么让农民富起来？我想讲以下几个观点：第一，就是要以“解决谁来种地，地怎么种”为导向加快构建新型农业经营体系．．毋容置疑，目前农村这种小规模、分散的家庭经营方式存在着明显的局限性。例如在河南省滑县，一个产粮户全家一年种粮纯收益．相当于一个劳动力外出打工一个月的工薪收入。

由“官让民富”到“官帮民富”

影响农民收入持续增长有两个原因：一是农业生产方式落后，分散封闭的家庭经营方式制约农民增收；二是农户经营始终迈不过市场经济这一关口。市场经济对弱势经济而言，是难以逾越的鸿沟。没有新增资本，形不成扩大再生产态势，收入当然难以提高。

Influences of Family Ranches Management Mode on Plant Community Characteristic in Hulunber Meadow Steppe

[Objective] The aim was to explore the management mode on optimal re-sources al ocation of family ranch in meadow steppe. [Method] Three double repre-sentative family ranches were selected in meadow steppe of Hulunber Old Barag Banner, and the study was carried out with the baseline survey. Three family ranches were selected as the demonstrative households for the corporation study, while other three family ranches with the similar conditions were looked as the non-demonstrative households for the comparison. Demonstrative households of the fami-ly ranches reduced the stocking rate, optimized the flock structure and took a winter feeding and other means to explore the different management models on plant com-munity characteristic of family ranch. [Result] The seasonal dynamic of community characteristic in family ranches showed the single-peaks curves. The seasonal dy-namics of community coverage, height and biomass in the demonstrative households showed higher compared with the non-demonstrative households, and community density in the experiment households was lower than that of the control experiment households. Community coverage, height and biomass of degraded grassland in family ranch have a great improve after optimization of management. Community coverage, height , density and biomass were increasing in fencing plot, but decreas-ing in free grazing area. Enclosure improved grassland coverage, vegetation height, density and forage yield. Leymus chinensis played an important role in plant com-munity. The important values of Leymus chinensis, Stipa baicalensis, Cleistogenes squarrosa, and Carex duriuscula were high. Leymus chinensis important value in the demonstrative households of optimal management was higher than that in the non-demonstrative households, and Carex duriuscula important value of the non-demon-strative households was significantly higher than that of the demonstrative house-holds. The indexes of Margalef richnes,Shannon-Wiener diversity, Simpson diversity and Pielou uniformity showed that the demonstrative households were higher than the non-demonstrative households. [Conclusion] The research provides theoretical ref-erences for sustainable development of pastures dominated by family ranch.

声音

韩俊（国务院发展研究中心副主任）：做好四点让农民富起来 第一，就是要以“解决谁来种地，地怎么种”为导向加快构建新型农业经营体系。毋容置疑，目前农村这种小规模、分散的家庭经营方式存在着明显的局限性。无论从长期或短期来看，只有引导农民流转承包土地经营权，实行专业大户、加工农场包括农业专业合作社等多种形式的适度规模经营，才能保证务农有合理的收入。