The 16th-century Protestant Reformation shattered the foundations of faith and art. As traditional theology was both besieged and defended, art had to adapt. Of course, a new theology needed new kinds of pictorial ext...The 16th-century Protestant Reformation shattered the foundations of faith and art. As traditional theology was both besieged and defended, art had to adapt. Of course, a new theology needed new kinds of pictorial extrapolations. But truly, the most interesting change was hidden in plain sight. Subjects that may have looked familiar were in fact utterly new, because subversive ideas and contexts uprooted older meanings. The painting Madonna with Parrots （1533）, by Hans Baldung Grien demoted the chaste protectress by transforming her into a flawed, even dangerous, human mother. In the painting, an oddly sultry Virgin shows off her breast, her shoulder, and her chest as a parrot nibbles her neck. The complexities of Baldung＇s painting underpin debates about the status of the Virgin during the Reformation and the freedom of an artist to tamper with sacred subject matter.展开更多
The teaching, not to try to arouse the desire of students for seeking knowledge, is just like a piece of cold iron being hammered, said American educator Mann. With humor in teaching, the desire of students for knowle...The teaching, not to try to arouse the desire of students for seeking knowledge, is just like a piece of cold iron being hammered, said American educator Mann. With humor in teaching, the desire of students for knowledge can be effectively stimulated, and also students are helped to understand and grasp what they learn.展开更多
Over the past decade higher education reforms in most European countries have been oriented towards creating a European Higher Education Area which is envisaged in the Bologna Declaration.Based on an illustration of a...Over the past decade higher education reforms in most European countries have been oriented towards creating a European Higher Education Area which is envisaged in the Bologna Declaration.Based on an illustration of a variety of difficulties encountered higher education institutions in a wide range of participating countries,this article indicates a less optimistic view on the achievements to date in the Bologna Process.It argues that the tension of interests between the designers of the Process and its national and institutional practitioners undermines the actual progress towards the supranational objectives.It is suggested that most difficulties in relation to harmonizing national structures of higher education lie in the varying degrees of cultural dependency on traditions and academic autonomy across the engaged European countries.展开更多
文摘The 16th-century Protestant Reformation shattered the foundations of faith and art. As traditional theology was both besieged and defended, art had to adapt. Of course, a new theology needed new kinds of pictorial extrapolations. But truly, the most interesting change was hidden in plain sight. Subjects that may have looked familiar were in fact utterly new, because subversive ideas and contexts uprooted older meanings. The painting Madonna with Parrots （1533）, by Hans Baldung Grien demoted the chaste protectress by transforming her into a flawed, even dangerous, human mother. In the painting, an oddly sultry Virgin shows off her breast, her shoulder, and her chest as a parrot nibbles her neck. The complexities of Baldung＇s painting underpin debates about the status of the Virgin during the Reformation and the freedom of an artist to tamper with sacred subject matter.
文摘The teaching, not to try to arouse the desire of students for seeking knowledge, is just like a piece of cold iron being hammered, said American educator Mann. With humor in teaching, the desire of students for knowledge can be effectively stimulated, and also students are helped to understand and grasp what they learn.
文摘Over the past decade higher education reforms in most European countries have been oriented towards creating a European Higher Education Area which is envisaged in the Bologna Declaration.Based on an illustration of a variety of difficulties encountered higher education institutions in a wide range of participating countries,this article indicates a less optimistic view on the achievements to date in the Bologna Process.It argues that the tension of interests between the designers of the Process and its national and institutional practitioners undermines the actual progress towards the supranational objectives.It is suggested that most difficulties in relation to harmonizing national structures of higher education lie in the varying degrees of cultural dependency on traditions and academic autonomy across the engaged European countries.
