This paper traces the social limitations in the development of Asian American literature. The label ＂Asian American literature＂ is so instrumental in instituting the literature, can also regulate creativity. As a st...This paper traces the social limitations in the development of Asian American literature. The label ＂Asian American literature＂ is so instrumental in instituting the literature, can also regulate creativity. As a strategic term and group identification, ＂Asian American＂ lends itself to the illusion of unity and homogeneity. Scholars differ in the way they elect to demarcate Asian American literature. One of the fundamental barriers to understanding and appreciating Asian American literary expression has been the existence of race stereotypes about Asians in American popular culture. For many Asian American writers, ethnic authenticity is a necessary but weak choice Most early immigrant writers write to challenge the negative view of Asia in the West and see themselves as ambassadors of goodwill to the West. The purpose is to mark difference as exotica and appeal to the benign curiosity of the Western readers while appeal to notions of universal humanity. This type of strong ethnic quotient writing continues to exist in various guises even today. The trade publishers have a predilection for Asian American personal narratives that stress the ＂model minority＂ discourse, ＂good workers＂ image, and Asian Americans＇ ability to accommodate to the basic rules of American society. Asian American writers never stop attempting to build bridges. But we should remind ourselves that boundary crossing must not be merely an aesthetic and intellectual exercise .展开更多
Background Approximately 10%of patients with gastric cancer(GC)have a genetic predisposition toward the disease.However,there is scant knowledge regarding germline mutations in predisposing genes in the Chinese GC pop...Background Approximately 10%of patients with gastric cancer(GC)have a genetic predisposition toward the disease.However,there is scant knowledge regarding germline mutations in predisposing genes in the Chinese GC population.This study aimed to determine the spectrum and distribution of predisposing gene mutations among Chinese GC patients known to have hereditary high-risk factors for cancer.Methods A total of 40 GC patients from 40 families were recruited from seven medical institutions in China.Next-generation sequencing was performed on 171 genes associated with cancer predisposition.For probands carrying pathogenic/likely pathogenic germline variants,Sanger sequencing was applied to validate the variants in the probands as well as their relatives.Results According to sequencing results,25.0%(10/40)of the patients carried a combined total of 10 pathogenic or likely pathogenic germline variants involving nine different genes:CDH1(n=1),MLH1(n=1),MSH2(n=1),CHEK2(n=1),BLM(n=1),EXT2(n=1),PALB2(n=1),ERCC2(n=1),and SPINK1(n=2).In addition,129 variants of uncertain significance were identified in 27 patients.Conclusions This study indicates that approximately one in every four Chinese GC patients with hereditary high risk factors may harbor pathogenic/likely pathogenic germline alterations in cancer-susceptibility genes.The results further indicate a unique genetic background for GC among Chinese patients.展开更多
文摘This paper traces the social limitations in the development of Asian American literature. The label ＂Asian American literature＂ is so instrumental in instituting the literature, can also regulate creativity. As a strategic term and group identification, ＂Asian American＂ lends itself to the illusion of unity and homogeneity. Scholars differ in the way they elect to demarcate Asian American literature. One of the fundamental barriers to understanding and appreciating Asian American literary expression has been the existence of race stereotypes about Asians in American popular culture. For many Asian American writers, ethnic authenticity is a necessary but weak choice Most early immigrant writers write to challenge the negative view of Asia in the West and see themselves as ambassadors of goodwill to the West. The purpose is to mark difference as exotica and appeal to the benign curiosity of the Western readers while appeal to notions of universal humanity. This type of strong ethnic quotient writing continues to exist in various guises even today. The trade publishers have a predilection for Asian American personal narratives that stress the ＂model minority＂ discourse, ＂good workers＂ image, and Asian Americans＇ ability to accommodate to the basic rules of American society. Asian American writers never stop attempting to build bridges. But we should remind ourselves that boundary crossing must not be merely an aesthetic and intellectual exercise .
文摘Background Approximately 10%of patients with gastric cancer(GC)have a genetic predisposition toward the disease.However,there is scant knowledge regarding germline mutations in predisposing genes in the Chinese GC population.This study aimed to determine the spectrum and distribution of predisposing gene mutations among Chinese GC patients known to have hereditary high-risk factors for cancer.Methods A total of 40 GC patients from 40 families were recruited from seven medical institutions in China.Next-generation sequencing was performed on 171 genes associated with cancer predisposition.For probands carrying pathogenic/likely pathogenic germline variants,Sanger sequencing was applied to validate the variants in the probands as well as their relatives.Results According to sequencing results,25.0%(10/40)of the patients carried a combined total of 10 pathogenic or likely pathogenic germline variants involving nine different genes:CDH1(n=1),MLH1(n=1),MSH2(n=1),CHEK2(n=1),BLM(n=1),EXT2(n=1),PALB2(n=1),ERCC2(n=1),and SPINK1(n=2).In addition,129 variants of uncertain significance were identified in 27 patients.Conclusions This study indicates that approximately one in every four Chinese GC patients with hereditary high risk factors may harbor pathogenic/likely pathogenic germline alterations in cancer-susceptibility genes.The results further indicate a unique genetic background for GC among Chinese patients.
