西塘市集美术馆 钢木整合式结构设计与家型探索

文章聚焦于山水秀建筑事务所的新作一一西塘市集美术馆的建筑与结构原型,剖析建筑师的设计思路。建筑师在该建筑的二层平面探讨了钢材与木材如何在结构选型上形成整合式的设计,在首层平面则探讨了家型及形制在建筑形式认知层面的表达。文章结合现场探勘与建筑师采访,评述钢、木两种材料在整合式结构设计里如何协同运作以及在建构层面进行表达,并提出家型及形制问题在现代建筑设计及历史理论上与坂本一成、柯布西耶等前人思考可作对比的地方。

Comparison of Cancer Incidence between China and the USA

Objective The incidence of cancer varies around the globe,especially between less-developed and developed regions.The aim of this study is to explore differences in cancer incidence between China and the USA. Methods Data were obtained from the GLOBOCAN 2008 database.Estimated numbers of new cancer cases in the USA were obtained from the American Cancer Society,while the numbers of cases in China,including those in urban and rural areas,were obtained from 36 cancer registries(2003-2005).Cancer incidence for major sites between China and the USA were analyzed. Results In China,lung cancer was the predominant type of cancer detected in males;in females,breast cancer was the main type of cancer.Gastrointestinal cancers,such as those of the liver,stomach,and esophagus,were more commonly seen in China than in the USA.A significant difference in the incidence of melanoma of the skin was observed between China and the USA.During comparison of differences in the age-standardized rates by world population(ASRWs) of major cancer sites between the two countries,4 sites in males(i.e.,nasopharynx,esophagus,stomach,and liver) and 6 sites in females(i.e.,nasopharynx,esophagus,stomach,liver, gallbladder,and cervix uteri) showed higher cancer incidence rates in China than in the USA. Conclusions Significant differences in cancer incidence sites were found between the two countries.Cancer may be prevented through public education and awareness.Programs to promote cancer prevention in China,especially those of the lung,breast,and gastrointestinal region,must also be implemented.

Partial external biliary diversion in bile salt export pump deficiency: Association between outcome and mutation

To investigate the relation of two different mutations to the outcome of partial external biliary diversion (PEBD) in severe bile salt export pump (BSEP) deficiency. METHODSMutations in the gene encoding BSEP leading to severe BSEP deficiency in two unrelated patients were identified by genomic sequencing. Native liver biopsies and transiently transfected human embryonic kidney (HEK) 293 cells expressing either wild-type or mutated BSEP were subjected to immunofluorescence analysis to assess BSEP transporter localization. Bile acid profiles of patient and control bile samples were generated by ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Wild-type and mutant BSEP transport of [3H]-labeled taurocholate (TC) and taurochenodeoxycholate (TCDC) was assessed by vesicular transport assays. RESULTSA girl (at 2 mo) presented with pruritus, jaundice and elevated serum bile salts (BS). PEBD stabilized liver function and prevented liver transplantation. She was heterozygous for the BSEP deletion p.T919del and the nonsense mutation p.R1235X. At the age of 17 years relative amounts of conjugated BS in her bile were normal, while total BS were less than 3% as compared to controls. An unrelated boy (age 1.5 years) presenting with severe pruritus and elevated serum BS was heterozygous for the same nonsense and another missense mutation, p.G1032R. PEBD failed to alleviate pruritus, eventually necessitating liver transplantation. BS concentration in bile was about 5% of controls. BS were mainly unconjugated with an unusual low amount of chenodeoxycholate derivatives (< 5%). The patients’ native liver biopsies showed canalicular BSEP expression. Both BSEP p.T919del and p.G1032R were localized in the plasma membrane in HEK293 cells. In vitro transport assays showed drastic reduction of transport by both mutations. Using purified recombinant BSEP as quantifiable reference, per-molecule transport rates for TC and TCDC were determined to be 3 and 2 BS molecules per wild-type BSEP transporter per minute, respectively. CONCLUSIONIn summary, our findings suggest that residual function of BSEP as well as substrate specificity influence the therapeutic effectiveness of PEBD in progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis type 2 (PFIC-2).

Microsculpture Exact Description of the Isolation of Some Types of Beetles Weevils Family （Curculionidae） in Iraq

It was isolated eleven species of weevils family （Curculionidae） back to Subfamiles are Brachyderinae, Cleoninae, depending on the exact Microsculpture of the pits on elytra of these types, namely, Bothynoderes memosae, Tanymecus sp., Cleonus orratus, Larinus maculosus, Lixus sp., Hypera sp., Amnoeleonus hiroglyphicus, Bangasternus planifrons, Phacephorus nubeculosus, Coniocleonus puseudooldiquus, Tanymecus insipidus.

Family Ownership Type and the Intemational Involvement of SMEs： Empirical Study of Agency Theory in East Java Indonesia

This paper briefly draws the dimension of small, micro and medium enterprises＇ （SMEs） behavior in terms of internationalization strategy based on the ownership structure among SMEs in East Java. The finding is very interesting when there is no ownership structure variation, so the decision to choose international involvement could not be supported. Also, the scale determination is not becoming constraint of SMEs in East Java to involve internationally, especially thought export strategy. However, several aspects are considered to control the export behavioral dimension which is research and development （R＆D） and sales, significantly. The result shows that there still are other elements except ownership type could impact internationalization strategy choices of SMEs in East Java.

Study on Plant Species Belonging to Fabaceae L. Family in Flora of A^lri Mountain

This study was carried out as a result of floristic expeditions in flora of Agri Mountain in Igdir between 2011 and 2014. As it is known, having diverse climatic types, Turkey has different and rich flora and vegetation. Over 380 plant species have been found in Agn Mountain up to now. From these species, 36 of them belong to Fabaceae family and they grow 900-3,000 m elevation above sea level on Agri Mountain. Fabaceae species are known throughout the world. As a result of researches carried out on Agri Mountain, 36 species were found, 10 of which belong to Fabaceae family. After Devis, an outstanding flora research has not been carried out in Agri Mountain so far. As a result of the researches carried out between 2011 and 2014, the number of genera reached to 10 and the number of species to 36. It was found out 17 species for the genus of Astragalus, two for Coronilla, five for Trifolium, three for Lathyrus, three for Onobrychis, three for Vicia and one for each Glycyrrhiza, Melilotus and Sophora. Eleven of these species are endemic. Those endemic species were： Astragalus aduncus Willd., Astragalus antalyensis, Astragalus davisii Chamb and Matthews., Astragalus eriocephalus Willd. subsp, eriocephalus Willd., Astragalus chaldiranicus Kit Tan and Sorger, Astragalus pinetorum Boiss., Astragalus fumosus, Astragalus vesicaris L. subsp, agridagensis Y. Zeynalov, Trifolium davissi Hossain, Lathyrus carcinus P. H. Davis, Onobrychis araxina Schischkin.

A Microsatellite Genetic Linkage Map of Black Rockfish(Sebastes schlegeli)

Ovoviviparous black rockfish(Sebastes schlegeli) is an important marine fish species for aquaculture and fisheries in China. Genetic information of this species is scarce because of the lack of microsatellite markers. In this study, a large number of microsatellite markers of black rockfish were isolated by constructing microsatellite-enriched libraries. Female- and male-specific genetic linkage maps were constructed using 435 microsatellite markers genotyped in a full-sib family of the fish species. The female linkage map contained 140 microsatellite markers, in which 23 linkage groups had a total genetic length of 1334.1 c M and average inter-marker space of 13.3 c M. The male linkage map contained 156 microsatellite markers, in which 25 linkage groups had a total genetic length of 1359.6 c M and average inter-marker distance of 12.4 c M. The genome coverage of the female and male linkage maps was 68.6% and 69.3%, respectively. The female-to-male ratio of the recombination rate was approximately 1.07:1 in adjacent microsatellite markers. This paper presents the first genetic linkage map of microsatellites in black rockfish. The collection of polymorphic markers and sex-specific linkage maps of black rockfish could be useful for further investigations on parental assignment, population genetics, quantitative trait loci mapping, and marker-assisted selection in related breeding programs.

Fractionation and Soil-Plant Transfer of ^(241)Am in Different Soil Types

Monitoring the behavior of radioactive contaminants associated with military applications,nuclear power facilities,and interim storage of radioactive waste materials is of significant concern in radiological analysis.Four sequential extraction schemes(SES) for fractionation of ^(241)Am were compared using five different types of soils,Vertisol,Cambisol,Chromic Luvisol,Eutric Fluvisol,and mixed urban soil,collected from different parts of Bulgaria.The results for the exchangeable ^(241) Am were in a wide range and depended on the SES used.Soil ^(241)Am varied from 0.5%to 6%in the exchangeable phase,from 0.5%to 35%in the carbonate phase,from0.4%to 36%in the reducible phase(easily reducible and moderately reducible),from 3%to 17%in the oxidizable phase,and from10%to 50%in the residual phase.After 100 d of contamination,around 50%of soil ^(241)Am was permanently fixed in the residual phase.There was strong evidence that the preferable soil phase for ^(241) Am was the carbonate phase.The transfer factor of ^(241) Am in the soil-plant system depended on ^(241)Am in the easily oxidizable phase(fulvic acid(FA)+humic acid(HA) phase).These confirmed the applicability of the National Institute of Standards and Technology(NIST) sequential extraction scheme for fractionation of soil^(241) Am since it includes extraction of FA+HA phase and then the carbonate phase.

Genomic characterizations of H4 subtype avian influenza viruses from live poultry markets in Sichuan province of China, 2014–2015

Dear Editor,Avian influenza viruses （AIVs） have posed a serious threat to poultry production and public health. To date, more than fourteen AIV subtypes that are able to infect human beings have been documented. Also, it is suggested that new subtypes may be reported in the future, owing to the migration of wild birds and live poultry transportation （Gao, 2018）.Poultry may act as a potential incubator for novel subtypes of avian influenza virus （Bi et al., 2016a; Bi et al., 2016b; Liu et al., 2014a; Su et al., 2017）. Up to date.

Land use data generalization indices considering scale and land use pattern effects

Land use generalization indices are critical for producing normative multi-scale land use databases and maps,but there is still not a national criterion for these indices in China.Previous studies on land use data generalization indices often neglect macroindices such as area proportion of land use types and map load,and also ignore landscape effects on land use generalization indices.Here we constructed an index system of land use data generalization from macro-and micro-perspectives,and examined scale and landscape effects on land use data generalization indices based on the countrywide multi-scale land use data samples.We formulated relationships between land use data generalization indices and both scale and land use pattern metrics.We defined thresholds of land use data generalization indices on scales of 1:50000,1:100000,1:250000,and 1:500000.We verified our methodology and index thresholds through generalizing a county land use database.