浓香型白酒容器及窖池发酵糟醅动态因子变化及白酒品质研究

对浓香型白酒糟醅进行容器和窖池发酵,并对发酵糟醅的常规理化指标、微生物指标、主要香气成分、白酒品质进行对比分析,探讨窖外发酵的可能性。结果表明,容器和窖池发酵糟醅的可培养好氧细菌、酵母和霉菌、温度、水分、酸度、还原糖、淀粉、酒精度、四大酯、三大酸在发酵过程中变化趋势基本相同,均呈先增加后降低的趋势;除己酸乙酯含量差异较大外,其余物质含量差异不大,窖池发酵糟醅己酸乙酯最大值为0.13 g/L,容器发酵糟醅为0.11 g/L。窖池和容器发酵糟醅酒精度在25 d均达峰值,分别为6.7%vol、6.0%vol。窖池发酵二段酒的感官评价优于容器发酵酒,但容器发酵酒的大多数香气成分含量稍高于窖池发酵酒,特别是己酸乙酯含量为窖池发酵酒醅的1.4倍,但二者都能体现浓香型白酒风格。因此,进行窖外容器发酵是可行的。

某单位放射性同位素容器清理池退役源项调查

介绍了某单位放射性同位素容器清理池退役前源项调查实践。源项调查过程充分考虑了清理池历史资料缺失、污染类型复杂多样以及可能存在226Ra源等问题,成功完成了清理池的源项调查。同时总结了本次源项调查中碰到的几个问题的处理经验。

冷库轨迹光寻货及库位温差管控系统研究

在冷链产业快速发展、冷库运营数字化转型升级过程中,普遍缺少对库内库外的货物信息监控、管理和数据交互,冷库业务各阶段状态管理不足、信息模糊缺失,冷库运营效率低、能耗大。本文根据冷库行业的经营特点和管理模式,结合冷库管理与信息技术有机融合的发展趋势,系统阐述了一种冷库业务管控系统优化方案,针对性解决冷库业务数据模糊、能耗管控弱、货物寻找便捷性差等问题,旨在提升冷库作业全流程管理效率和冷库管理的自动化、智能化水平。

BPEL4WS协议中数据共享问题的研究

针对BPEL4WS 协议在流程执行中数据共享问题处理上的不足,对协议的内容进行了拓展,提出“容器池”概念,假设了它的构建模型。在实际例子中进行应用和分析,分别探讨了在同一流程下数据共享和不同流程下数据共享的两种应用情形。

关于城市雨水管理的问题及措施

人们居住环境的改善,生活水平的提高,人均用水量亦随之增加,我们生存环境的水资源日趋紧张,许多国家已经开始研究利用雨水资源,并作为节约用水的一项重要措施。在西方一些发达国家已经采取很多措施节约用水、改善水环境、有效循环利用水资源,甚至制定了一系列法律法规专门支持雨水的回收再利用,雨水管理先进技术尤其以德国和美国比较成功,比如德国汉诺威雨洪管理系统与美国西雅图雨水管理系统。在我国,人口密度比较大,更应该将雨水回收及再利用推广应用到城市项目建设当中。

Hydrothermal synthesis and energy storage performance of ultrafine Ce2Sn2O7 nanocubes

Ultrafine cube-shape Ce2Sn2O7 nanoparticles crystallized in pure pyrochlore phase with a size of about 10 nm have been successfully synthesized by a facile hydrothermal method.Conditional experiments have been conducted to optimize the processing parameters including temperature,pH,reaction duration,precipitator types to obtain phase-pure Ce2Sn2O7.The crystal structure,morphology and sizes and specific surface area have been characterized by X-ray diffractometer(XRD),Raman spectrum,transmission electron microscope(TEM),high resolution transmission electron microscope(HRTEM),and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller(BET).The as-synthesized Ce2Sn2O7 ultrafine nanocubes have been evaluated as electrode materials for pseudo-capacitors and lithium ion batteries.When testing as supercapacitors,a high specific capacitance of 222 F/g at 0.1 A/g and a good cycling stability with a capacitance retention of higher than 86%after 5000 cycle have been achieved.When targeted for anode material for lithium ion batteries,the nanocubes deliver a high specific reversible capacity of more than 900 mA·h/g at 0.05C rate.The rate capability and cycling performance is also very promising as compared with the traditional graphite anode.

Study on ultracapacitor-battery hybrid power system for PHEV applications

For the battery only power system is hard to meet the energy and power requirements reasonably, a hybrid power system with uhracapacitor and battery is studied. A Topology structure is analyzed that the uhracapacitor system is connected with battery pack parallel after a bidirectional DC/DC converter. The ultracapacitor, battery and the hybrid power system are modeled. For the plug-in hybrid electric vehicle （PHEV） application, the control target and control strategy of the hybrid power system are put forward. From the simulation results based on the Chinese urban driving cycle, the hybrid power system could meet the peak power requirements reasonably while the battery pack＇ s current is controlled in a reasonable limit which will be helpful to optimize the battery pack＇ s working conditions to get long cycling life and high efficiency.

Development of a power control system for AUVs probing for underwater mineral resources

Valuable mineral resources are widely distributed throughout the seabed. autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs) are preferable to remotely-operated vehicles (ROVs) when probing for such mineral resources as the extensive exploration area makes it difficult to maintain contact with operators. AUVs depend on batteries, so their power consumption should be reduced to extend exploration time. Power for conventional marine instrument systems is incorporated in their waterproof sealing. External intermittent control of this power source until termination of exploration is challenging due to limitations imposed by the underwater environment. Thus, the AUV must have a power control system that can improve performance and maximize use of battery capacity. The authors developed such a power control system with a three-step algorithm. It automatically detects underwater operational states and can limit power, effectively decreasing power consumption by about 15%.

Supercapacitors and Battery Energy Management Based on New European Driving Cycle

This paper presents a new strategy of embedded energy management between battery and supercapacitors （SC） for hybrid electric vehicles （HEV） applications. This proposal is due to the present trend in the field, knowing that the major drawback of the HEV is the autonomy problem. Thus, using supercapacitors and battery with a good energy management improves the HEV performances. The main contribution of this paper is focused on DC-bus voltage and currents control strategies based on polynomial controller. These strategies are implemented in PICI8F4431 microcontroller for DC/DC converters control. Due to reasons of cost and available components （no optimized）, such as the battery and power semiconductors （IGBT）, the experimental tests are carried out in reduced scale （2.7 kW）. Through some simulations and experimental results obtained in reduced scale, the authors present an improved energy management strategy for HEV.

Recent advances in materials and device technologies for aqueous hybrid supercapacitors

Aqueous hybrid supercapacitors(AHSCs)offer potential safety and eco-friendliness compared with conventional electrochemical energy storage devices that use toxic and flammable organic electrolytes.They can serve as the bridge between aqueous batteries and aqueous supercapacitors by combining the advantages of high energy of the battery electrode and high power as well as long lifespan of the capacitive electrode.Over the past few decades,extensive research efforts have been devoted to developing advanced materials and fascinating device architectures for AHSCs.However,further development related to the compatibilities between the battery-type electrode and capacitive electrode remains stagnant mainly due to discrepancy encountered in terms of reaction kinetics and capacity.This review focuses on the recent progress made in the field of AHSCs via elucidating the main concepts on the design of battery and capacitive electrodes and emerging electrolytes.In particular,ingenious AHSCs that possess either better flexibility toward materials selection or better device functionality such as those with“dual-ion”energy storage mechanism and non-polarity feature are also discussed.Recent advances and unresolved issues in multivalent ion hybrid devices(in particular,zinc-ion AHSCs)are further outlined.Finally,future research directions and challenges for AHSCs are presented,which are anticipated to deliver higher energy and demonstrate greater multifunctionalities for more breakthrough technology applications.

Iron oxide encapsulated in nitrogen-rich carbon enabling high-performance lithium-ion capacitor

Lithium-ion capacitors(LICs)could combine the virtues of high power capability of conventional supercapacitors and high energy density of lithium-ion batteries.However,the lack of high-performance electrode materials and the kinetic imbalance between the positive and negative electrodes are the major challenge.In this study,Fe3O4 nanoparticles encapsulated in nitrogen-rich carbon(Fe3O4@NC)were prepared through a self-assembly of the colloidal Fe OOH with polyaniline(PANI)followed by pyrolysis.Due to the well-designed nanostructure,conductive nitrogen-rich carbon shells,abundant micropores and high specific surface area,Fe3O4@NC-700 delivers a high capacity,high rate capability and long cycling stability.Kinetic analyses of the redox reactions reveal the pseudocapacitive mechanism and the feasibility as negative material in LIC devices.A novel LIC was constructed with Fe3O4@NC-700 as the negative electrode and expanded graphene(EGN)as the positive electrode.The wellmatched two electrodes effectively alleviate the kinetic imbalance between the positive and negative electrodes.As a result,Fe3O4@NC-700//EGN LIC exhibits a wide operating voltage window,and thus achieves an ultrahigh energy density of 137.5 W h kg^-1.These results provide fundamental insights into the design of pseudocapacitive electrode and show future research directions towards the next generation energy storage devices.

An anti-freezing and anti-drying multifunctional gel electrolyte for flexible aqueous zinc-ion batteries

Aqueous zinc-ion batteries(ZIBs)have attracted immense attention for flexible energy storage devices due to their high safety and low cost.However,conventional flexible aqueous ZIBs will undergo severe capacity loss at subzero temperature due to the inevitably freeze of electrolytes.In addition,under large bending or stretching strains,the encapsulation of devices would be damaged,which causes the evaporation of water in electrolytes and results in device failure.Herein,an anti-freezing and anti-drying gel electrolyte based on polyacrylamide(PAM)and glycerol(Gly)is developed.The strong hydrogen-bonding interactions between PAM or Gly and water molecules not only avoid the crystallization of the gel electrolyte at low temperatures,but also constrain the free water and restrict its evaporation.Therefore,such gel electrolyte displays a high ionic conductivity of 9.65×10^(−5)S cm^(−1)at−40℃.Furthermore,it can restrict the dehydration process when the electrolyte is exposed to ambient environment.The flexible ZIBs based on such gel electrolyte exhibit excellent electrochemical performance at−40℃and the devices without encapsulation retain 98%of their initial capacity in ambient condition after 30 days.This work provides a route to design anti-freezing and anti-drying gel electrolytes for aqueous energy storage devices.

Filling and unfilling carbon capsules with transition metal oxide nanoparticles for Li-ion hybrid supercapacitors:towards hundred grade energy density

Li-ion hybrid supercapacitors （Li-HECs） facilitate effective combination of the advantages of supercapacitors and Li-ion batteries （LIBs）. However, challenges remain in designing and preparing suitable anode and cathode materials, which often require tedious and expensive procedures. Herein, we demonstrated that hollow N-doped carbon capsules （HNC） with and without a Fe304 nanoparticle core can respectively function as the anode and the cathode in very-high-performance Li-HECs. The Fe3Oa@NC anode exhibited a high reversible specific capacity exceeding 1530 mA h g^-1 at 100 mA g^-1 and excellent rate capability （45% capacity retention from 0.1 to 5 A g^-1） and cycle stability （〉97% retention after 100 cycles）. Moreover, high rate performance was achieved in a full-cell using the HNC cathode. By combining the respective structural advantages of the components, the hybrid device with Fe3Oa@NC//HN C exhibited a remark- able energy density of 185 W h kg^-1 at a power density of 39 W kg^-1. The hybrid device furnished a battery-inaccessible power density of 28 kW kg^-1 with rapid charging/discharging within 9 s at an energy density of 95 W h kg^-1.

Graphene-based Li-ion hybrid supercapacitors with ultrahigh performance

There is a growing demand for hybrid supercapacitor systems to overcome the energy density limitation of existing-generation electric double layer capacitors （EDLCs）, leading to next generation-Ⅱ supercapacitors with minimum sacrifice in power density and cycle life. Here, an advanced graphene-based hybrid system, consisting of a graphene-inserted Li4Ti5O12 （LTO） composite anode （G-LTO） and a three-dimensional porous graphene-sucrose cathode, has been fabricated for the purpose of combining both the benefits of Li-ion batteries （energy source） and supercapacitors （power source）. Graphene-based materials play a vital role in both electrodes in respect of the high performance of the hybrid supercapacitor. For example, compared with the theoretical capacity of 175 mA-h.g-1 for pure LTO, the G-LTO nanocomposite delivered excellent reversible capacities of 207, 190, and 176 mA·1h·g-1 at rates of 0.3, 0.5, and 1 C, respectively, in the potential range 1.0-2.5 V vs. Li/Li＋; these are among the highest values for LTO-based nano- composites at the same rates and potential range. Based on this, an optimized hybrid supercapacitor was fabricated following the standard industry procedure; this displayed an ultrahigh energy density of 95 Wh·kg-1 at a rate of 0.4 C （2.5 h） over a wide voltage range （0-3 V）, and still retained an energy density of 32 Wh·kg-1 at a high rate of up to 100 C, equivalent to a full discharge in 36 s, which is exceptionally fast for hybrid supercapacitors. The excellent performance of this Li-ion hybrid supercapacitor indicates that graphene-based materials may indeed play a significant role in next-generation supercapacitors with excellent electrochemical performance.

Role of binary metal chalcogenides in extending the limits of energy storage systems:Challenges and possible solutions

Binary metal chalcogenides(BMCs)have shown better electrochemical performance compared with their mono metal counterparts owing to their abundant phase interfaces,higher active sites,faster electrochemical kinetics and higher electronic conductivity.Nevertheless,their performance still undergoes adverse decline during electrochemical processes mainly due to poor intrinsic ionic conductivities,large volume expansions,and structural agglomeration and fracture.To tackle these problems,various strategies have been applied to engineer the BMC nanostructures to obtain optimized electrode materials.However,the lack of understanding of the electrochemical response of BMCs still hinders their large-scale application.This review not only highlights the recent progress and development in the preparation of BMC-based electrode materials but also explains the kinetics to further understand the relation between structure and performance.It will also explain the engineering of BMCs through nanostructuring and formation of their hybrid structures with various carbonaceous materials and three-dimensional(3 D)templates.The review will discuss the detailed working mechanism of BMC-based nanostructures in various electrochemical energy storage(EES)systems including supercapacitors,metal-ion batteries,metal-air batteries,and alkaline batteries.In the end,major challenges and prospective solutions for the development of BMCs in EES devices are also outlined.We believe that the current review will provide a guideline for tailoring BMCs for better electrochemical devices.

Optimized algorithm for balancing clusters in wireless sensor networks

Wireless sensor networks consist of hundreds or thousands of sensor nodes that involve numerous restrictions in-cluding computation capability and battery capacity.Topology control is an important issue for achieving a balanced placement of sensor nodes.The clustering scheme is a widely known and efficient means of topology control for transmitting information to the base station in two hops.The automatic routing scheme of the self-organizing technique is another critical element of wireless sensor networks.In this paper we propose an optimal algorithm with cluster balance taken into consideration,and compare it with three well known and widely used approaches,i.e.,LEACH,MEER,and VAP-E,in performance evaluation.Experimental results show that the proposed approach increases the overall network lifetime,indicating that the amount of energy required for com-munication to the base station will be reduced for locating an optimal cluster.