宾西林场森林旅游的发展方向

介绍国内外森林旅游发展概况,在分析宾西林场区位条件、自然资源、设施建设等基础上,从指导思想、发展目标、体系构成、项目构成、发展机制等方面入手,规划宾西林场森林旅游发展思路,为黑龙江省森林旅游经济的发展提供样板和经验。

谈现代林业思想指导下的宾西林场发展思路

文章介绍了现代林业的基本思想,在分析宾西林场区位条件、资源条件、社会经济条件基础上,从指导思想、发展目标等方面入手,探讨了宾西林场现代林业的发展思路,从而为黑龙江省地方林业向现代林业转变与发展提供参考。

宾西经济技术开发区可持续发展研究

自20世纪末以来，我国经济技术开发区遍地开花，同时也带来日益严重的各种”生态问题”。给我国的经济带来了很大的影响，因而可持续发展问题成为备受人们关注的热门话题。可持续发展作为一种新的发展模式和发展观，也日益深入人心，并被越来越多的国家作为一种社会发展战略付诸实践，这是人类社会文明进程中的质的飞跃。宾西经济技术开发区作为黑龙江省较晚的开发区，他吸取其他开发区的经验，将经济发展与生态环境建设相协调发展，注重经济效益、环境效益和社会效益齐头并进。

卧龙岗上绘蓝图——访十大国有林场管理奖获得者、黑龙江省宾西实验林场场长王清海

王清海,黑龙江省林业勘察设计院宾西实验林场场长,长寿国家森林公园主任。1986年他任场长,林场正处于“两危”状态。他按照现代林业的发展方向,重新设计了林场发展蓝图,通过调整产业结构,重视发展替代产业,建成了“长寿国家森林公园”、“卧龙岗陵园”、“省级林木种苗示范基地”和“野生动物救护中心”等项目。在森林管护上,他和林农联营建立管护责任区,使11.6万多亩森林得到恢复。在经营机制上,他划小核算单位,实行项目招标、招商制,人员竞争上岗等。尽管从1998年开始已经全部停止采伐,但没有一个职工下岗,职工月均收入千元以上。

崛起的哈尔滨宾西经济开发区——投资者的最佳选择，创业者的理想乐园

哈尔滨宾西经济开发区是2002年9月经黑龙江省人民政府批准设立的省级经济开发区。位于哈尔滨市东郊宾县宾西镇，距哈尔滨市29公里。国家交通大动脉同三高速公路及哈同高等级公路贯穿开发区全境，交通运输便捷、地理位置优越，开发区东有国家4A级风景区二龙山旅游区，南有国家2A级风景区长寿山国家森林公园，北有大顶山水利枢纽工程，是投资兴业，发展事业的风水宝地。

Observation of the abyssal western boundary current in the Philippine Sea

Mooring observations were conducted from July 16, 2011 to March 30, 2012 east of Mindanao, Philippines （127°2.8＇E, 8°0.3＇N） to observe the abyssal current at about 5 600 m deep and 500 m above the ocean bottom. Several features were revealed： 1） the observed abyssal current was highly variable with standard deviations of 57.3 mrn/s and 34.0 ram/s, larger than the mean values of-31.9 and 16.6 mm/s for the zonal and meridional components, respectively; 2） low-frequency current longer than 6 days exhibited strong seasonal variation, flowing southeastward （mean flow direction of 119.0° clockwise from north） before about October 1, 2011 and northwestward （mean flow direction of 60.5° counter-clockwise from north） thereafter; 3） the high-frequency flow bands were dominated by tidal currents O1, K1, M2, and S2, and near-inertial currents, whose frequencies were higher than the local inertial frequency. The two diurnal tidal constituents were much stronger than the two semidiumal ones. This study provides for the first time an observational insight into the abyssal western boundary current east of Mindanao based on long-term observations at one site. It is meaningful for further research into the deep and abyssal circulation over the whole Philippine Sea and the 3D structure of the westem boundary current system in this region. More observational and high-resolution model studies are needed to examine the spatial structure and temporal variation of the abyssal current over a much larger space and longer period, their relation to the upper-layer circulation, and the underlying dynamics.

Two anomalous convective systems in the tropical western Pacific and their influences on the East Asian summer monsoon

By decomposing outgoing Iongwave radiation through empirical orthogonal function （EOF） analysis, the authors identify two anomalous convective systems in the tropical western Pacific. Besides the classical convective system near the Philippines （PC）, there is another convective system near the Federated States of Micronesia （MC）. As the first EOF component in this region, the variance explained by MC is higher than that by PC. Both MC and PC are regulated by the tropical sea surface temperature （SST） anomalies. While PC is associated with an El Ni^o event, MC is correlated with SST anomalies in the central and eastern Pacific during summer. It is also found that the East Asian summer monsoon （EASM） is influenced by these two convective systems. In general, enhanced （suppressed） convection corresponds to an eastwards （westwards） western Pacific subtropical high with weak （strong） intensity. Besides, the summer monsoon rainfall from the Yangtze River basin to Japan tends to increase （decrease） when PC is suppressed （enhanced）. By comparison, the influence of MC is generally weak, with vague signals in the East Asian continent. Moreover, the influence of suppressed convection on the EASM is more significant than that of enhanced convection.

Comparison of pharmacokinetics,efficacy and toxicity profile of gemcitabine using two different administration regimens in Chinese patients with non-small-cell lung cancer

Objective： To conduct a randomized comparative trial of pharmacokinetics, efficacy and toxicity profile treatment with 1200 mg/m^2 gemcitabine using standard 30-min infusion or fixed dose rate （FDR） infusion [10 mg/（m^2-min）] on days 1 and 8 plus carboplatin AUC （area under curve） 5 on day 1 in Chinese non-small-cell cancer patients. Twelve patients were enrolled in this study. Methods： Plasma gemcitabine concentrations were measured by ion-pair reversed phase high performance liquid chromatography. Antitumoral activity and toxicity of gemcitabine was assessed according to World Health Organization criteria. Results： The obtained mean parameters, such as T1/2 （elimination half time）, AUC, and CL （clearance）, were consistent with those reported in literature. Qualified response rate in our study was 33.3% for standard arm and 50% for FDR ann. Additional 50% and 33.3% patients contracted stable disease （SD） in standard arm and FDR arm, respectively. The predominant toxicity was hematologic, and patients in the standard infusion ann experienced consistently more hematologic toxicity, Conclusion： Pharmacokinetic and clinical data in this trial support the continued evaluation of the FDR infusion strategy with gemcitabine.

Paleoproductivity evolution in the West Philippine Sea during the last 700 ka

In order to reconstruct the paleoproductivity evolution history of the West Philippine Sea during the last 700 ka, the vertical gradient of Δδ13C in dissolved inorganic carbon Δδ13C between those of foraminifera Pulleniatina obliquiloculata and Cibicidoides wuellerstorfi） and planktonic foraminiferal assemblages were analysed in piston Core MD06-3047 retrieved from the Benham Rise （east of the Luzon Island）. Paleoproductivity evolution in the West Philippine Sea during the last 700 ka is closely related to glacial-interglacial cycles and precession-controlled insolation. Controlling factors ofpaleoproductivity could have been both thermocline fluctuations related with ENSO-Iike processes and eolian input associated with East Asian winter monsoon, and the former could have been the primary factor. A higher productivity and a shallower thermocline coeval with the occurrence of low CO2 concentrations in the EPICA Dome C ice core might indicate that biological export production in the low-latitude could act as a significant sink in the global carbon cycle, and modify atmospheric CO2 concentrations. Spectral analysis further reveals that the paleoproductivity is mainly controlled by thermocline fluctuations subjected to ENSO processes responding to processional variability of insolation. High coherences in eccentricity, obliquity and precession periods fiuther revealing the close link between thermocline fluctuations, paleoproductivity and atmospheric CO2 levels.

Pancreatic cancer–Palliative therapy: chemotherapy

Single-agent Gemcitabine has been the standard treatment for advanced pancreatic adenocarcinoma in the past years. Due to the aggressive and often chemotherapy-refractory character of this malignancy, systemic treatment options still remain limited. Many combination therapies have been evaluated in clinical trials to improve survival over Gemcitabine alone, until recently without satisfying results. Based on the positive results of a recent randomized trial, the combination of Gemcitabine and Capecitabine might become a new standard as first-line treatment for advanced pancreatic cancer. The clinical advantage of Erlotinib as a novel targeted agent in combination with Gemcitabine seems to be only marginal. Due to the small number of studies, there is still no standard of care in second-line therapy, but Oxaliplatin seems to be an active treatment option in Gemcitabine refractory disease. This article will review the development of cytotoxic antitumoral treatment for advanced pancreatic adenocarcinoma (locally advanced, irresectable and/or metastatic disease) including monotherapies and newer approaches with combination therapies.

The Model of Speaking in Teaching Indonesian to Foreign Speakers Based on Self-Regulated Learning and Anxiety Reduction Approaches

Model for spoken is expected to overcome difficulties in teaching and learning Indonesian language for foreign speakers. Language anxiety is the anxiety that arises when a person learns foreign language. Foreign Language Anxiety （anxiety to learn a foreign language） is of concern or negative emotional reactions that arise when studying or using foreign language. Self-regulated learning is an active and constructive process undertaken by learners in setting goals for their learning and trying to monitor, regulate, and control of cognition, motivation, and behavior, then everything is directed and driven by purpose and adapted to the context and environment. The research method used is an R and D （research and development） method with a sample of foreign speakers of Chinese. Variables that receive interference are the ability to speak in Indonesian, while the variables used to interfere with the self-regulated learning and language anxiety as a variable controller. Intrapersonal factors become barriers that cause stuttering speech limited due to the mastering subject content. On the basis of that, this speaking model applies the principle of self-regulated learning in the learning process, using a communicative and contextual approach. This model intended for foreign speakers who learn Indonesian language outside of Indonesia, so to bring the atmosphere mandated in sociolinguistic built through media and relevant teaching methods.

Thermohaline finestructure observed near the northern Philippine coast

Using hydrographic measurements from three recent surveys in the western tropical Pacific, this study revealed the existence and general features of thermohaline finestructure near the northem Philippine coast. Pronounced finestructttres were detected in the layers of the North Pacific Tropical Water （NPTW） and the North Pacific Intermediate Water （NPIW） during all three cruises and shown to be mainly thermohaline intrusions. Characteristics of the intrusions were further investigated with spiciness curvature and salinity anomaly methods. The vertical scale of the intrusions was 20-50 m and 50-100 m in the NPTW and NPIW layers, respectively. Within the NPTW layer, the Turner angle distribution and correlation between salinity and density anomalies suggested that diffusive convection between surface fresh water and subsurface saline water played an important role in the development and maintenance of the intrusions. In addition, connection between thermohaline finestructure and larger-scale oceanic processes was explored using historical hydrographic data. The results reveal that the salinity field and the distribution of the intrusions in this region were largely determined by mesoscale eddies. As a result of eddy stirring, both isopycnal and diapycnal temperature/salinity gradients were strengthened, which gave rise to the development of thermohaline intrusions. The intrusions acted to enhance heat and salt fluxes and resulted in the mixing of water masses being more efficient. By linking mesoscale eddy stirring to micro-scale diffusion, thermohaline finestructure plays a vital role in the ocean energy cascade and water mass conversion in the northern Philippine Sea.

Picophytoplankton abundance and community structure in the Philippine Sea,western Pacific

Flow cytometric determinations of the abundance distribution picophytoplankton （i.e. Prochlorococcus spp., orange fluorescence and community structure of Svnechococcus spp. and picoeukaryotes） were used for samples taken from the Philippine Sea in the western tropical Pacific Ocean from September to October of 2004. A fluorescence probe was employed to detect Chlorophyll a （Chl a）. Abundances of Prochlorococcus spp., orange fluorescence Synechococcus spp. and picoeukaryotes ranged from 0.1 to 58×10^3 cells ml^-1, 0.38 to 17×10^2 cells ml^-1 and 0.42 to 26×10^2 cells ml^-1, respectively. Synechococcus spp. and picoeukaryotes co-occurred in relatively shallow water with the maximum abundance observed at 50 to 70 m depth, while Prochlorococcus spp. only occurred in the 70 to 200 m layer. Prochlorococcus spp. was the dominant picophytoplankton population in terms of abundance and biomass. The cell size and carbon biomass content were estimated for the three picophytoplankton groups. In addition, among the three groups of picophytoplankton, the relative contribution of red fluorescence to the total red fluorescence varied with depth. The fluorescence and light scatter properties of individual cells indicated that in the upper 100 m layer, picoeukaryotes were a major contributor to total red fluorescence, while at the depth below 100 m, Prochlorococcus spp. and Synechococcus spp. made an important contribution to the total red fluorescence.

Decolonization of the Filipino Church after Vatican II

The second great paradigm shift in the history of the Catholic Church arrived after Vatican II, which ended the lengthy sway of the Greco-Roman Church and led, as Karl Rahner has written, to “the Church actualizing itself precisely as a world Church.” This statement has enormous consequences for the Catholic Church in the Philippines where Vatican II initiated a major paradigm shift. Vatican II decolonized the Latin Spanish church imposed upon the Philippines in the seventeenth century and transformed it into the Catholic Church of the Philippines, that is to say, transformed it into a church deeply rooted in the Filipino soil, language, and culture. Twenty-nine Filipinos chosen by snowball method of selection were interviewed who reported on how they received the teachings of Vatican II on inculturation and equality and were thus decolonized the Catholic Church.

Geochemical evidence for submarine hydrothermal origin of the Middle-Upper Permian chert in Laibin of Guangxi, China

Lithologically, two kinds of chert can be recognized in the Middle-Upper Permian from the Tieqiao section in Laibin area, Guangxi, i.e., calcic chert occurring mainly in the Maokou Formation and pure chert mainly in the Wujiaping Formation. Geochemical data show that both kinds of chert contain very low A1203 （0-0.23%） and TiO2 （0.001%-0.024%） and low ZREE （0.55-19.94 ppm, averaging 9.97 ppm）, as well as high ratio of Fe2O3/TiO2 （17-443, averaging 111） and low ratio of A1203/（Al2O3＋Fe203） （0-0.26, averaging 0.09）. Given that the average value Ce anomalies in chert deposited in the ridge-proximal environment is about 0.29, and that in the pelagic environment is about 0.60, the low Ce anomalies in the Tieqiao chert （0.24-0.46, averaging 0.35） imply that they were deposited in an ocean basin with influence of submarine hydrothermal fluid and no input of terrigenous materials. The vertical variation of the silica abundance in strata （SAIS） in the Middle-Upper Permian strata, together with the Eu anomalies and the ratios of ∑REE/Fe, indicates a relationship between the hydrothermal activity and the Emeishan basalt eruption, and that submarine hydrothermal activity was stronger in the Upper Permian （the Wujiapingian Stage） than in the Middle Permian （the Maokou Stage）.

Thermoluminescence in response to the mass extinction event in Penglaitan Section in Laibin,Guangxi

Thermoluminescence(TL)in marine carbonate has been proposed as a potential proxy for reconstruction of paleoceanography history,and has already been used in defining the Quaternary environment.However,its availability in the geological time scale,such as Permian,is still on debate.The mass extinction event caused by drastic changes of global marine environment in Middle-Late Permian provides a typical example to testify the applicability of this proxy.Here we measured the natural thermoluminescence of the carbonate-dominating marine sediments collected from the strata through the Guadalupian-Lopingian mass extinction boundary(G/LB)in the Penglaitan Section in Laibin,Guangxi,China.Our results reveal that TL intensities of carbonate are much higher than those of siliceous rocks,which indicates that the carbonate is the main contributor to the TL.The variation of TL intensities are related with Mn and Fe contents in the carbonate lattices while high Mn and low Fe(e.g.,high Mn/Fe ratio)in carbonate will release stronger TL.Due to the better storage of carbonate lattices for original information of Mn and Fe in seawater,thermoluminescence of carbonate-dominating sediments/rocks could sensitively reflect marine environment and biological productivity in geological time scale.

Geochemistry of rare earth elements in the mid-late Quaternary sediments of the western Philippine Sea and their paleoenvironmental significance

Based on a δ180 chronology, rare earth elements （REE） and other typical elements in sediments from core MD06-3047 in the western Philippine Sea were analyzed to constrain the provenances of the sediments and investigate quantitative changes in the Asian eolian input to the study area over the last 700 ka. Among the competing processes that might affect REE compositions, sediment provenance is the most important one. Provenance analysis suggests that the study sediments have two provenance end-members; local volcanic sources are dominant, and eolian dust from the Asian continent has a smaller contribution. During glacial periods, eolian input to the western Philippine Sea was enhanced. In contrast, material supply from local volcanics in- creased during interglacial periods. Changes in eolian input to the study area were probably related to the strength of the East Asian winter monsoon （EAWM） as well as aridity in the Asian continent on an orbital time scale, and were partly influenced by local control factors on shorter time scales. Therefore, we propose that the present study expands the application of the REE-based method for quantitatively estimating the eolian component from the mid-latitude northern Pacific to the low-latitude western Pacific. Additionally, the study preliminarily confirms the influence of EAWM-transported eolian materi- al on sedimentation in the western Philippine Sea since 700 ka.

Therapeutic effect of Guijiajiao (Colla Carapacis et Plastri) on bone regeneration in rats and zebrafish

OBJECTIVE:To investigate the effect of Guijiajiao(Colla Carapacis et Plastri, CCP), the glue of tortoise shell, on bone regeneration in zebrafish and male Wistar rats.METHODS: In this study, we applied in vitro and in vivo models, tissue section analysis, and quantitative polymerase chain reaction to assess the effects of CCP on bone repair. MG-63 cells were used in alkaline phosphatase(ALP) activity and mineralization assays. Zebrafish and male Wistar rats were used to evaluate the effects of CCP on bone repair in vivo.RESULTS: A simple preparation of CCP promoted osteogenesis in vivo and in vitro, and promoted MG-63 cell proliferation as well as ALP activity and mineralization. In addition, CCP activated Akt and extracellular signaling-regulated kinase pathways and significantly increased the expression of ossification-related genes and proteins such as runt-related transcription factor-2, osteocalcin, and osteopontin. The in vivo results revealed promotion of osteogenesis by immersing zebrafish in CCP for 72 h.An oral dose of 1.25 g/kg CCP significantly improved skull defects in rats, which was accompanied by an increase in serum ALP levels.CONCLUSION: One of the ingredients of Guilu Erxianjiao(tortoise shell and deer horn formula) pro-vides a practical alternative therapy for bone regeneration.

Mandarin and Chinese Dialects in Western Sources： The Earliest Documents

This article traces early Chinese-Western contexts in the field of linguistics. Three groups of sources are distinguished： （1） sources on Mandarin written in China after the late sixteenth century, （2） sources on Min dialects written in the Philippines after the early seventeenth century, and（3 ） sources on Southern dialects written by Protestant missionaries in China after the middle of the nineteenth century. The focus of the paper lies on the second group, which has thus far received the least attention in research. It is concluded that the significance of early linguistic sources goes beyond historical language research. The comparison of linguistic meta-language also allows for conclusions on the exchange of ideas and concepts between Asia and Europe in the seventeenth century.

Mycetismus:a review

Although rare,death from amanitin exposure poses a significant health risk and a diagnostic challenge to the clinician due to its rarity.This is one of the few conditions to be voluntarily reported by healthcare professionals.No antidote exists for this poisoning and,perhaps due to its rarity or lack of attention,the United States has lagged behind Europe for almost three decades in treatment,diagnostics and experimentation.This regrettable fact warrants the formation of a centralized agency for education,the advancement of research and the collection of data,to provide better treatment for the population.