对fullerene和fullerite译名的建议

fullerene最初被命名富勒烯。但随着科学发展,fullerene的含义不断扩大,已经不是一种化学物质而是指一大类化学物质,品种非常多,"富勒烯"这个译名已经很不恰当。文章提议使用"富勒体"这个译名取代原有译名,并将相关的fullerite译作"固态富勒体"。

中子辐照法合成新型纳米结构材料

放射化学与纳米科学的交叉,既是放射化学在新兴前学科的应用,也是放射化学本身在前沿领域的发展。本文通过介绍反应堆中子催化引起的富勒烯反应,特别是聚合反应的设计方法、分离纯化过程,产物分析和结构表征等研究,建立了堆中子合成全碳富勒烯二聚体C121,C131和C141的方法,探索开辟利用中子等放射性辐射技术,发展新型纳米结构物质,如全碳富勒烯二聚体、三聚体、甚至四聚体的新方法。全碳富勒烯二聚体既是碳元素的一种新的同分异构体,也是合成富勒烯高聚物的起始物,因此倍受关注。它们在人工光合成、分子电子器件和超分子化学领域有广阔的应用前景。

A new chlorinated non-fullerene acceptor based organic photovoltaic cells over 12%efficiency

The method to fluorinate the terminal group has achieved remarkable success and been widely used to fine-tune the intrinsic properties of organic acceptor materials.Referring to chlorination,however,it gets less attention and remains ambiguous effect on organic photovoltaic(OPV)cells.Herein,a new non-fullerene acceptor named Y19 was reported with benzotriazole as the electron-deficient core and 2Cl-ICs as the strong electron-withdrawing end groups.Y19 exhibits a wide film absorption band from 600 nm to 948 nm and low LUMO(the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital)energy level of−3.95 eV.Photovoltaic devices based on PM6:Y19 show high-power conversion efficiency(PCE)of 12.76%with high open-circuit voltage(Voc)of 0.84 V,short-circuit current density(Jsc)of 22.38 mA/cm2 and fill factor(FF)of 68.18%.Broad external quantum efficiency(EQE)response of over 60%in the range of 480−860 nm can be obtained.This study demonstrates that chlorination,as a low-cost molecular design strategy,has its own superiorities to improve device performance and promote the potential application in OPV.

An Improved Method for Fullerol Preparation Based on Dialysis

A dialysis-based method was developed to remove Na ions in fullerol preparation by a conventional synthetic route. Fullerol was synthesized using a typical two-phase reaction in the presence of tetrabutylammonium hydroxide. Its structure was confirmed by UV spectra, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy spectra, 1 H nuclear magnetic resonance, and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time of flight mass spectra. The content of Na element was determined by inductive coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy. The mass content of Na in the product obtained from the conventional route was about 10%, and it could be almost completely eliminated by dialysis with a membrane of molecular weight cut-off (MWCO) 8-15 kDa. The yield of fullerol by the dialysis method was slightly higher than by the conventional route. These results indicate that dialysis may have a potential application for fullerol preparation.

新型碳纳米分子C_(141)的合成

利用核反应堆产生的中子照射富勒烯C70合成了新型碳纳米分子C141.高效液相色谱法分离纯化结果表明,这种奇数富勒烯二聚体分子可以在空气中稳定存在.基质辅助激光解析飞行时间质谱分析表明在激光作用下,C141解离生成的主要碎片为C71和C70·与C70比较,C141在可见光区的吸收明显减弱.实验结果表明这种新的核反应合成富勒烯二聚体的方法对生成C70-X-C70这一类型的碳纳米分子具有高度的选择性.

Small molecular non-fullerene electron acceptors for P3HT-based bulk-heterojunction solar cells

Three small molecules with the same arms and different cores of perylene diimide(PDI)or indaceno[2,1-b:6,5-b']dithiophene(IDT)were designed and synthesized as the acceptor materials for P3HT-based bulk-heterojunction(BHJ)solar cells.The impacts of the different cores on the optical absorption,electrochemical properties,electron mobility,film morphology,photoluminescene characteristics,and solar cell performance were thoroughly studied.The three compounds possess a broad absorption covering the wavelength range of 400–700 nm and relatively low lowest unoccupied molecular orbital(LUMO)energy levels of?3.86,?3.81 and?3.99 eV.The highest power conversion efficiency of 0.82%was achieved for the BHJ solar cells based on SM3 as the acceptor material,the compound with a PDI core.

Design and synthesis of low band gap non-fullerene acceptors for organic solar cells with impressively high J_(sc) over 21 m A cm^(-2)

Three low bandgap non-fullerene acceptors based on thieno[3,2-b]thiophene fused core with different ending groups, named TTIC-M, TTIC, TTIC-F were designed and synthesized. Using a wide bandgap polymer PBDB-T as donor to form a complementary absorption in the range of 300–900 nm, high efficencies of 9.97%, 10.87% and 9.51% were achieved for TTIC-M, TTIC and TTFC-F based photovoltaic devices with impressively high short circuit current over21 mA cm^-2.

The effect of end-capping groups in A-D-A type non-fullerene acceptors on device performance of organic solar cells

A series of novel wide bandgap small molecules(IFT-ECA, IFT-M, IFT-TH and IFT-IC) based on the A-D-A structure with indenofluorene core, thiophene bridge, and different electron-deficient end-capping groups, were synthesized and used as non-fullerene acceptors in organic solar cells. The influences of end-capping groups on the device performance were studied.The four materials exhibited different physical and chemical properties due to the variation of end-capping groups, which further affect the exciton dissociation, charge transport, morphology of the bulk-heterojunction films and device performance. Among them, IFT-IC-based device delivered the best power conversion efficiency of 7.16% due to proper nano-scale phase separation morphology and high electron mobility, while the devices based on the other acceptors achieved lower device performance(4.14% for IFT-TH, <1% for IFT-ECA and IFT-M). Our results indicate the importance of choosing suitable electron-withdrawing groups to construct high-performance non-fullerene acceptors based on A-D-A motif.

Real-time monitoring of tumor vascular disruption induced by radiofrequency assisted gadofullerene

The anti-vascular therapy has been extensively studied for high performance tumor therapy by suppressing the tumor angiogenesis or cutting off the existing tumor vasculature. We have previously reported a novel anti-tumor treatment technique using radiofrequency （RF）-assisted ga- dofullerene nanocrystals （GFNCs） to selectively disrupt the tumor vasculature. In this work, we further revealed the changes on morphology and functionality of the tumor vas-culature during the high-performance RF-assisted GFNCs treatment in vivo. Here, a dearly evident mechanism of this technique in tumor vascular disruption was elucidated. Based on the H22 tumor bearing mice with dorsal skin flap chamber （DSFC） mode] and the dynamic contrast enhanced magnetic resonance imaging （DCE-MRI） technique, it was revealed that the GFNCs would selectively inset in the gaps of tumor vas-culature due to the innately incomplete structures and unique microenvironment of tumor vasculature,＇ and they damaged the surrounding endothelia cells excited by the RF to induce a phase transition accompanying with size expansion. Soon afterwards, the blood flow of the tumor blood vessels was permanently shut off, causing the entire tumor vascular net- work to collapse within 24 h after the treatment. The RF-as- sistant GFNCs technique was proved to aim at the tumor vasculatnre precisely, and was harmless to the normal vascu- lature. The current studies provide a rational explanation on the high efficiency anticancer activity of the RF-assisted GFNCs treatment, suggesting a novel technique with potent clinical application.

A-D-A-type small molecular acceptor with one hexyl-substituted thiophene as π bridge for fullerene-free organic solar cells

An A-D-A-type small molecule, DCF-2HT, was synthesized using fluorene as the central block and 2- （2,3-dihydro-3-oxo- 1H-inden- 1-ylidene）propanedinitrile as the end groups, with one hexyl-substituted thiophene as a n bridge, for use as an acceptor material in organic solar cells. Devices based on DCF-2HT and the polymer donors PBDB-T or PTB7-Th were fabricated and optimized. Power conversion efficiencies of 5.71% and 4.83% were obtained for PBDB-T： DCF-2HT- and PTB7-Th： DCF-2HT-based devices, respectively.

Synthesis and photovoltaic properties of low bandgap dimeric perylene diimide based non-fullerene acceptors

Non-fullerene organic acceptors have attracted increasing attention in recent years. One of the challenges in the synthesis of non-fullerene organic acceptors is to tune the absorption spectrum and molecular frontier orbitals, affording low bandgap molecules with improved absorption of the near-infrared solar photons. In this paper, we present the synthesis, optoelectronic and photovoltaic properties of a series of dimeric perylene diimide(PDI) based non-fullerene acceptors. These PDI dimers are bridged by oligothiophene(T) from 1T to 6T. With the increase of the oligothienyl size, the highest occupied molecular orbital(HOMO) energy is raised from ?5.65 to ?5.10 e V, while that of the lowest unoccupied molecular orbit(LUMO) is kept constant at ?3.84 e V, affording narrow bandgap from 1.81 to 1.26 e V. The absorption from the oligothiophene occurs between 350 and 500 nm, which is complementary to that from its bridged PDI units, leading to a wide spectral coverage from 350 to 850 nm. The optimal dihedral angle between the bridged two perylene planes is dependent on the oligothienyl size, varying from 5° to 30°. The solubility of the dimers depends on the oligothienyl size and can be tuned by the alkyl chains on the bridged thienyl units. The possible applications as the solution-processable non-fullerene organic acceptor is primarily studied using commercial P3 HT as the blend donor. The photovoltaic results indicate that 1T, 4T and 6T all yield a higher efficiency of ?1.2%, whereas 2T, 3T and 5T all give a lower efficiency of <0.5%. The difference in the cell performance is related with the tradeoff between the differences of absorption, HOMO level and film-morphology between these dimers.

Semiconducting Carbon Nanotube/Fullerene Blended Heterojunctions for Photovoltaic Near-Infrared Photon Harvesting

We demonstrate that the near-infrared （NIR） absorptivity of semiconducfing single-walled carbon nanotubes （s-SWCNTs） can be harnessed in blended heterojunctions with the fullerene derivative [6,6]-phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester （PCBM）. Photogenerated charge separation is efficiently driven by the ultrahigh interracial area of the blends and the favorable energy offsets between the two materials. NIR-sensitive photovoltaic and photodetector devices utilizing the stack （indium tin oxide/ca. 10 nm s-SWCNT：PCBM/100 nm CJ10 nm 2,9- dimethyl-4,7-diphenyl-],10-phenanthroline （BCP）/Ag） were fabricated with NIR power conversion efficiencies 〉1.3% and peak, zero bias external quantum efficiency of 18% at λ = 1205 nm.

Rhodanine flanked indacenodithiophene as non-fullerene acceptor for efficient polymer solar cells

A fused-ring electron acceptor IDT-2BR1 based on indacenodithiophene core with hexyl side-chains flanked by benzothiadiazole rhodanine was designed and synthesized.In comparison with its counterpart with hexylphenyl side-chains(IDT-2BR),IDT-2BR1exhibits higher highest occupied molecular orbital(HOMO)energy but similar lowest unoccupied molecular orbital(LUMO)energy(IDT-2BR1:HOMO=-5.37eV,LUMO=-3.67eV;IDT-2BR:HOMO=-5.52eV,LUMO=-3.69eV),red-shifted absorption and narrower bandgap.IDT-2BR1 has higher electron mobility(2.2×10^(-3)cm^2 V^(-1)s^(-1))than IDT-2BR(3.4×10^(-4)cm^2 V^(-1)s^(-1))due to the reduced steric hindrance and ordered molecular packing.Fullerene-free organic solar cells based on PTB7-Th:IDT-2BRl yield power conversion efficiencies up to 8.7%,higher than that of PTB7-Th:IDT-2BR(7.7%),with a high open circuit voltage of0.95 V and good device stability.

Influence of the replacement of alkoxyl with alkylthienyl on photovoltaic properties of two small molecule donors for organic solar cells

Two benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b￠]dithiophene(BDT)-based small molecule(SM) donor materials with identical conjugated backbones but different substitution groups, named as DRTB-O and DRTB-T, were well explored to demonstrate the influence of the replacement of alkoxy with alkylthienyl on their photovoltaic properties in fullerene-based and fullerene-free organic solar cells(OSCs). The study shows that the two SM donors possess similar absorption spectra and energy levels but different crystalline structures in solid films. The carrier transport property and phase separation morphologies of the blend films have also been fully investigated.By employing PC71 BM as the acceptor, the power conversion efficiency(PCE) of DRTB-O:PC71BM and DRTB-T:PC71BM based devices were 4.91% and 7.08%, respectively. However, by blending with IDIC, the two SM donors exhibited distinctly different photovoltaic properties in fullerene-free OSCs, and the PCE of DRTB-O:IDIC and DRTB-T:IDIC based devices were 0.15% and9.06%, respectively. These results indicate that the replacement of alkoxyl with alkylthienyl in designing SM donor materials plays an important role in the application of fullerene-free OSCs.