A cruise of survey in the 2008 Olympics boat-sailing field and adjacent area was carried out on August 28^th, 2003. Preliminarily analysis on the eutrophication status was made on the basis of the content of dissolved...A cruise of survey in the 2008 Olympics boat-sailing field and adjacent area was carried out on August 28^th, 2003. Preliminarily analysis on the eutrophication status was made on the basis of the content of dissolved inorganic nitrogen （DIN）, dissolved inorganic phosphate （PO4-P）, dissolved oxygen（DO） and chemical oxygen demand （COD） as well. The results indicated that in most of the survey area, water quality was in accordance with the 1^st class National Seawater Standard except the average concentration of petroleum hydrocarbon which was beyond the 2^nd class National Seawater Standard. The concentrations of PO4-P as well as DIN were mainly influenced by the runoff or drainage from lands, with a comparatively higher concentration in the coastal areas from the Fushan Bay to the Shilaoren bathing beach. The distribution of eutrophication index （El） showed that part of the survey area was in a state of slight eutrophication The eutrophication was mostly influenced by the land runoff or drainage and related factors. The sea water quality of the Olympic boat-sailing field was fine and just slightly polluted on the whole.展开更多
Zooplankton and 14 abiotic variables were studied during August 2011 at 10 stations in Lake Qarun, Egypt. Stations with the lowest salinity and highest nutrient concentrations and turbidity were close to the discharge...Zooplankton and 14 abiotic variables were studied during August 2011 at 10 stations in Lake Qarun, Egypt. Stations with the lowest salinity and highest nutrient concentrations and turbidity were close to the discharge of waters from the El-Bats and E1-Wadi drainage systems. A total of 15 holozooplankton species were identified. The salinity in Lake Qarun increased and fluctuated since 1901：12 g/L in 1901; 8.5 g/L in 1905; 12.0 g/L in 1922; 30.0 g/L in 1985; 38.7 g/L in 1994; 35.3 g/L in 2006, and 33.4 g/L in 2011. The mean concentration of nutrients （nitrate, nitrite and orthophosphate） gradually increased from 35, 0.16 and 0.38 μg/L, respectively, in 1953-1955 to 113, 16.4, and 30.26 μg/L in 2011. From 1999-2003 some decrease of species diversity occurred. Average total zooplankton density was 30 000 ind./m^3 in 1974-1977; 356 125 ind./m^3 in 1989; 534 000 ind./m^3 in 1994-1995; from 965 000 to 1 452 000 ind./m^3 in 2006, and 595 000 ind./m^3 in 2011. A range of long-term summer salinity variability during the last decades was very similar to a range of salinity spatial variability in summer 2011. There is no significant correlation between zooplankton abundance and salinity in spatial and long-term changes. We conclude that salinity fluctuations since at least 1955 did not directly drive the changes of composition and abundance of zooplankton in the lake. A marine community had formed in the lake, and it continues to change. One of the main drivers of this change is a regular introduction and a pressure of alien species on the existent community. Eutrophication also plays an important role. The introduction ofMnemiopsis leidyi, first reported in 2014, may lead to a start of a new stage of the biotic changes in Lake Qarun, when eutrophication and the population dynamics of this ctenophore will be main drivers of the ecosystem change.展开更多
Sediment is a principal reservoir which accumulates and releases the pollutants. It is an important way of nutrients releasing from pore water of sediments to overlying water across the sediment-water interface. Five ...Sediment is a principal reservoir which accumulates and releases the pollutants. It is an important way of nutrients releasing from pore water of sediments to overlying water across the sediment-water interface. Five sampling sites were selected in the Hengshui Lake. Overlying water and sediments were collected in each of them. The phosphorus fractions and their relationships were analyzed. The results showed that the change of the total phosphorus （TP） in sediment was similar to that of the total dissolved phosphorus （TDP） and soluble orthophosphate （PO4^3-） in pore water. The concentrations of PO4^3- in pore water were higher than those in overlying water, reflecting a possible diffuse trend for PO4^3-P in the five zones of Hengshui Lake. It is indicated that phosphorus and other nutrients will be transferred from sediment to pore water and then to overlying water, which can lead to lake eutrophication.展开更多
Nitrogen and phosphorous concentrations of effluent water must be taken into account for the design and operation of wastewater treatment plants. In addition, the requirement for effluent quality is becoming strict. T...Nitrogen and phosphorous concentrations of effluent water must be taken into account for the design and operation of wastewater treatment plants. In addition, the requirement for effluent quality is becoming strict. Therefore, intelligent control approaches are recently required in removing biological nutrient. In this study, fuzzy control has been successfully applied to improve the nitrogen removal. Experimental results showed that a close relationship between nitrate concentration and oxidation-reduction potential (ORP) at the end of anoxic zone was found for anoxic/oxic (A/O) nitrogen removal process treating synthetic wastewater. ORP can be used as online fuzzy control parameter of nitrate recirculation and external carbon addition. The established fuzzy logic controller that includes two inputs and one output can maintain ORP value at - 86 mV and - 90 mV by adjusting the nitrate recirculation flow and external carbon dosage respectively to realize the optimal control of nitrogen removal, improving the effluent quality and reducing the operating cost.展开更多
This paper studied the treatment of the landscape river in ChangZhou Scientific and Educational Town by a new integrative apparatus for water purification, which used ozone pre-oxidation-moDified clay-ozone biological...This paper studied the treatment of the landscape river in ChangZhou Scientific and Educational Town by a new integrative apparatus for water purification, which used ozone pre-oxidation-moDified clay-ozone biological activated carbon integrated process. The results indicate that the effectiveness of the algal removal with mentioned integrated process is much higher and the apparatus can operate stably. When the turbidity, chemical oxygen demand （CODMn）, total nitrogen （TN）, total phosphorus （TP） and algae densities of the raw water are 29-38 NTU, 7.45-7.79 mg/L, 2.496-2.981 mag/L, 0.237-0.255 mg/L and 5.78-7.94×10^8 cells/L respectively, it can be reduced to 0.8-1.7 NTU, 1.69-2.84 rag/L, 0.579-0.692mg/L, 0.013-0.038 mg/L, 0.06-0.38×10^8 cells/L. The average removal rates of turbidity, CODMn, TN, TP and algae density can reach 96.4%, 71.5%, 76.8%, 92.0% and 96.9% respectively. The treated water can meet the requirements of class Ⅰ- Ⅱ in Environmental Quality Standard, for Surface Water.展开更多
基金The paper was supported by the National Key Technologies R&D Program(2002BA904B06)Project continuously funded by the Shandong Natural Science Foundation(L2000E01)"Green 0lympics"specialized program of Qingdao Municipal Science and Technology Commission(HAK1203).
文摘A cruise of survey in the 2008 Olympics boat-sailing field and adjacent area was carried out on August 28^th, 2003. Preliminarily analysis on the eutrophication status was made on the basis of the content of dissolved inorganic nitrogen （DIN）, dissolved inorganic phosphate （PO4-P）, dissolved oxygen（DO） and chemical oxygen demand （COD） as well. The results indicated that in most of the survey area, water quality was in accordance with the 1^st class National Seawater Standard except the average concentration of petroleum hydrocarbon which was beyond the 2^nd class National Seawater Standard. The concentrations of PO4-P as well as DIN were mainly influenced by the runoff or drainage from lands, with a comparatively higher concentration in the coastal areas from the Fushan Bay to the Shilaoren bathing beach. The distribution of eutrophication index （El） showed that part of the survey area was in a state of slight eutrophication The eutrophication was mostly influenced by the land runoff or drainage and related factors. The sea water quality of the Olympic boat-sailing field was fine and just slightly polluted on the whole.
文摘Zooplankton and 14 abiotic variables were studied during August 2011 at 10 stations in Lake Qarun, Egypt. Stations with the lowest salinity and highest nutrient concentrations and turbidity were close to the discharge of waters from the El-Bats and E1-Wadi drainage systems. A total of 15 holozooplankton species were identified. The salinity in Lake Qarun increased and fluctuated since 1901：12 g/L in 1901; 8.5 g/L in 1905; 12.0 g/L in 1922; 30.0 g/L in 1985; 38.7 g/L in 1994; 35.3 g/L in 2006, and 33.4 g/L in 2011. The mean concentration of nutrients （nitrate, nitrite and orthophosphate） gradually increased from 35, 0.16 and 0.38 μg/L, respectively, in 1953-1955 to 113, 16.4, and 30.26 μg/L in 2011. From 1999-2003 some decrease of species diversity occurred. Average total zooplankton density was 30 000 ind./m^3 in 1974-1977; 356 125 ind./m^3 in 1989; 534 000 ind./m^3 in 1994-1995; from 965 000 to 1 452 000 ind./m^3 in 2006, and 595 000 ind./m^3 in 2011. A range of long-term summer salinity variability during the last decades was very similar to a range of salinity spatial variability in summer 2011. There is no significant correlation between zooplankton abundance and salinity in spatial and long-term changes. We conclude that salinity fluctuations since at least 1955 did not directly drive the changes of composition and abundance of zooplankton in the lake. A marine community had formed in the lake, and it continues to change. One of the main drivers of this change is a regular introduction and a pressure of alien species on the existent community. Eutrophication also plays an important role. The introduction ofMnemiopsis leidyi, first reported in 2014, may lead to a start of a new stage of the biotic changes in Lake Qarun, when eutrophication and the population dynamics of this ctenophore will be main drivers of the ecosystem change.
文摘Sediment is a principal reservoir which accumulates and releases the pollutants. It is an important way of nutrients releasing from pore water of sediments to overlying water across the sediment-water interface. Five sampling sites were selected in the Hengshui Lake. Overlying water and sediments were collected in each of them. The phosphorus fractions and their relationships were analyzed. The results showed that the change of the total phosphorus （TP） in sediment was similar to that of the total dissolved phosphorus （TDP） and soluble orthophosphate （PO4^3-） in pore water. The concentrations of PO4^3- in pore water were higher than those in overlying water, reflecting a possible diffuse trend for PO4^3-P in the five zones of Hengshui Lake. It is indicated that phosphorus and other nutrients will be transferred from sediment to pore water and then to overlying water, which can lead to lake eutrophication.
基金Supported by the Key International Cooperation Project of NSFC, Key Project of NSFC (No. 50138010)863 Hi-Technology Research and Development Program of China (2003AA601010).
文摘Nitrogen and phosphorous concentrations of effluent water must be taken into account for the design and operation of wastewater treatment plants. In addition, the requirement for effluent quality is becoming strict. Therefore, intelligent control approaches are recently required in removing biological nutrient. In this study, fuzzy control has been successfully applied to improve the nitrogen removal. Experimental results showed that a close relationship between nitrate concentration and oxidation-reduction potential (ORP) at the end of anoxic zone was found for anoxic/oxic (A/O) nitrogen removal process treating synthetic wastewater. ORP can be used as online fuzzy control parameter of nitrate recirculation and external carbon addition. The established fuzzy logic controller that includes two inputs and one output can maintain ORP value at - 86 mV and - 90 mV by adjusting the nitrate recirculation flow and external carbon dosage respectively to realize the optimal control of nitrogen removal, improving the effluent quality and reducing the operating cost.
文摘This paper studied the treatment of the landscape river in ChangZhou Scientific and Educational Town by a new integrative apparatus for water purification, which used ozone pre-oxidation-moDified clay-ozone biological activated carbon integrated process. The results indicate that the effectiveness of the algal removal with mentioned integrated process is much higher and the apparatus can operate stably. When the turbidity, chemical oxygen demand （CODMn）, total nitrogen （TN）, total phosphorus （TP） and algae densities of the raw water are 29-38 NTU, 7.45-7.79 mg/L, 2.496-2.981 mag/L, 0.237-0.255 mg/L and 5.78-7.94×10^8 cells/L respectively, it can be reduced to 0.8-1.7 NTU, 1.69-2.84 rag/L, 0.579-0.692mg/L, 0.013-0.038 mg/L, 0.06-0.38×10^8 cells/L. The average removal rates of turbidity, CODMn, TN, TP and algae density can reach 96.4%, 71.5%, 76.8%, 92.0% and 96.9% respectively. The treated water can meet the requirements of class Ⅰ- Ⅱ in Environmental Quality Standard, for Surface Water.
