Well preserved Early Cambrian small individual megascopic carbonaceous algal fossils have been found from the Chengjiang Biota. This paper deals with the new megascopic algal fossils in the Early Cambrian also from Ch...Well preserved Early Cambrian small individual megascopic carbonaceous algal fossils have been found from the Chengjiang Biota. This paper deals with the new megascopic algal fossils in the Early Cambrian also from Chengjiang Biota at Ercai Village, Haikou, Kunming, Yunnan, southwest China. Two new taxa, Longfengshania cordata sp. nov. and Plantulaformis sinensis gen. et sp. nov. are described here in detail. These new findings show that the Chengjiang Biota is high in species diversity of fossil algae and might offer new evidence for a better understanding of the Cambrian explosive biological evolution. Moreover, the fossils described here might belong to the megaalgal fossils according to detailed morphological study on the relationships of Longfengshania. Additionally, the occurrence of Longfengshania in the early Cambrian and the Neoproterozoic probably indicates a wide ecological tolerance and flexibility and apparently reflects its evolutionary conservation and a high degree of inherent genetic stability.展开更多
Microbial lumps have been found in the Maozhuang Stage(Cambrian Series 2) in the Liangcheng section,Shandong Province,China.Their macro-and micro-scale features distinguish them from other carbonate particles such as ...Microbial lumps have been found in the Maozhuang Stage(Cambrian Series 2) in the Liangcheng section,Shandong Province,China.Their macro-and micro-scale features distinguish them from other carbonate particles such as intraclasts and oncoids.Most lumps have a coarse sand to pebble size.They were mostly rounded during sedimentation or combined to form irregular shapes.A distinct boundary is present between the lumps and the surrounding cement of sparry calcite.The lumps contain either no core at all or several irregular "cores",without a distinct inner texture.They are composed mainly of calcified(micritized) microbes,most likely cyanobacteria.The microbes drilled holes in carbonate grains,after which lumps formed by micritization,cementation,and agglutination by an extracellular polymeric substance(EPS) in a high-energy shallow-marine,subtidal environment.As the lumps are directly related to microbes,they should be considered as microbialites.展开更多
Cambrian vetulicolians are enigmatic metazoans which play an important role in understanding the early animal evolution. Vetulicola longbaoshanensis Yang et al., 2010 is a unique species reported from the Guanshan Bio...Cambrian vetulicolians are enigmatic metazoans which play an important role in understanding the early animal evolution. Vetulicola longbaoshanensis Yang et al., 2010 is a unique species reported from the Guanshan Biota, Cambrian Series2, Stage 4 at eastern Yunnan, South China, which expands our understanding of vetulicolians. Here, new exceptionally preserved materials of V. longbaoshanensis from the Lower Cambrian Wulongqing Formation(which yields the so-called Guanshan Biota)in both Wuding and Kunming areas are described, in which the gill structures of V. longbaoshanensis are well preserved. The gill structures of our fossils are more complicated than those in the type species: the gill sac is gourd-shaped and can be divided into a smaller anterior part and a larger posterior part, prominent gill silt and dense gill filaments present in the joint of the two parts. Comparative analyses indicate that vetulicolians from the Guanshan Biota are similar to the Vetulicola rectangulata Luo et Hu, 1999 from the Chengjiang Biota in gross morphology. However, compared with the V. rectangulata, the Guanshan forms possess a larger body size, a higher length/height ratio of anterior body, and a higher ratio of gill sac width to anterior body height, probably typifying the derive characters anticipated of vetulicolians. These new materials, therefore, shed new light on our understanding of vetulicolians morphology and the early evolution of the gill structures.展开更多
文摘Well preserved Early Cambrian small individual megascopic carbonaceous algal fossils have been found from the Chengjiang Biota. This paper deals with the new megascopic algal fossils in the Early Cambrian also from Chengjiang Biota at Ercai Village, Haikou, Kunming, Yunnan, southwest China. Two new taxa, Longfengshania cordata sp. nov. and Plantulaformis sinensis gen. et sp. nov. are described here in detail. These new findings show that the Chengjiang Biota is high in species diversity of fossil algae and might offer new evidence for a better understanding of the Cambrian explosive biological evolution. Moreover, the fossils described here might belong to the megaalgal fossils according to detailed morphological study on the relationships of Longfengshania. Additionally, the occurrence of Longfengshania in the early Cambrian and the Neoproterozoic probably indicates a wide ecological tolerance and flexibility and apparently reflects its evolutionary conservation and a high degree of inherent genetic stability.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.40972043)Ministry of Education Key Project of Science and Technology(Grant No.211097)+2 种基金Shandong Province Young and Middle-Aged Scientists Research Awards Fund(Grants Nos.BS2009HZ020,2010BSE06022)Science Project of Universities in Shandong Province(Grants Nos.G08LD01,J09LE04)SDUST Research Fund(Grant No.2010KYTD103)
文摘Microbial lumps have been found in the Maozhuang Stage(Cambrian Series 2) in the Liangcheng section,Shandong Province,China.Their macro-and micro-scale features distinguish them from other carbonate particles such as intraclasts and oncoids.Most lumps have a coarse sand to pebble size.They were mostly rounded during sedimentation or combined to form irregular shapes.A distinct boundary is present between the lumps and the surrounding cement of sparry calcite.The lumps contain either no core at all or several irregular "cores",without a distinct inner texture.They are composed mainly of calcified(micritized) microbes,most likely cyanobacteria.The microbes drilled holes in carbonate grains,after which lumps formed by micritization,cementation,and agglutination by an extracellular polymeric substance(EPS) in a high-energy shallow-marine,subtidal environment.As the lumps are directly related to microbes,they should be considered as microbialites.
基金supported by the National Key Basic Research Program of China(Grant No.2013CB837100)the National Program for Support of Top-notch Young Professionals,the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.41222014,41172023,41621003,41102012&41572017)+1 种基金the 111 Project,the Ministry of Education of China for Changjiang Scholarsthe Program for NewCentury Excellent Talents in University(Grant No.53900264086)
文摘Cambrian vetulicolians are enigmatic metazoans which play an important role in understanding the early animal evolution. Vetulicola longbaoshanensis Yang et al., 2010 is a unique species reported from the Guanshan Biota, Cambrian Series2, Stage 4 at eastern Yunnan, South China, which expands our understanding of vetulicolians. Here, new exceptionally preserved materials of V. longbaoshanensis from the Lower Cambrian Wulongqing Formation(which yields the so-called Guanshan Biota)in both Wuding and Kunming areas are described, in which the gill structures of V. longbaoshanensis are well preserved. The gill structures of our fossils are more complicated than those in the type species: the gill sac is gourd-shaped and can be divided into a smaller anterior part and a larger posterior part, prominent gill silt and dense gill filaments present in the joint of the two parts. Comparative analyses indicate that vetulicolians from the Guanshan Biota are similar to the Vetulicola rectangulata Luo et Hu, 1999 from the Chengjiang Biota in gross morphology. However, compared with the V. rectangulata, the Guanshan forms possess a larger body size, a higher length/height ratio of anterior body, and a higher ratio of gill sac width to anterior body height, probably typifying the derive characters anticipated of vetulicolians. These new materials, therefore, shed new light on our understanding of vetulicolians morphology and the early evolution of the gill structures.
