祛寒类中草药中3种微量元素的测定

采用硝酸和高氯酸(4+1)混合酸消解样品,火焰原子吸收光谱法测定祛寒类中草药香加皮、伸筋草、丝瓜络中Fe、Mn、Zn 3种微量元素的含量。结果表明:3种祛寒类中草药中Fe含量相对较高,Mn含量次之,Zn含量相对较低,RSD<1.54%,回收率在92.40%～97.60%之间,结果令人满意。

仙茅对类虚寒大鼠物质代谢及内分泌水平影响的实验研究

目的观察仙茅对类虚寒动物模型的物质代谢和内分泌影响,探讨仙茅辛热药性的表达。方法应用糖皮质激素氢化可的松塑造类虚寒动物模型,仙茅水提物干预类虚寒动物模型,放射免疫法检测三碘甲状腺原氨酸(T3)、甲状腺素(T4)、皮质酮、环磷酸腺苷(cAMP)、环磷酸鸟苷(cGMP);氧化酶终点法检测葡萄糖;终点法检测甘油三酯(TG)、总胆固醇(TC);双缩脲终点法检测总蛋白(TP);溴甲酚绿终点法检测白蛋白(Alb),探讨仙茅对类虚寒动物物质代谢和内分泌影响水平。结果与空白对照组比较,虚寒模型组葡萄糖、总胆固醇、总蛋白、白蛋白、促甲状腺素(TSH)、三碘甲状腺原氨酸、甲状腺素、皮质酮降低,甘油三酯升高,有统计学意义(P<0.05,P<0.01);仙茅大剂量干预后,葡萄糖、总胆固醇、总蛋白、促甲状腺素、三碘甲状腺原氨酸、甲状腺素、皮质酮显著升高,甘油三酯降低。结论仙茅可改善类虚寒动物物质代谢、内分泌及环核苷酸水平,体现辛热药性。

从《伤寒辨类》看江南何氏伤寒家学传承

江南何氏医学至今已传29世,治疗伤寒是其专长,从《伤寒辨类》一书可以探究何氏伤寒家学要义。《伤寒辨类》是何氏医学第22代传人何元长所著,是书融合伤寒和温病为大伤寒概念,不仅从发热症着手区分伤寒、温病及杂病的定义,更进一步结合明清温病学说提出"伤寒、温病、热病、冬温、感冒伤寒"同为发热,治法应有不同。何元长汲取前代伤寒医家的理论与临证经验,在明清医家的基础上增补、化裁了许多治疗温病、时疫的医方。《伤寒辨类》作为何氏伤寒学著作之一,对后世伤寒研究大有裨益,对当今中医教育及创新和发展有重要的启示。

温肺散寒化痰止咳类中药治疗肺部感染后咳嗽的效果评价

目的探究肺部感染后咳嗽采用温肺散寒化痰止咳类中药的临床疗效。方法取2017年1月-2017年10月经我院诊疗的84例肺部感染后咳嗽患者当做本次研究的一般对象,并以随机均分的方式将其划为观察组及对照组,各42例。对照组使用美敏伪麻口服溶液实施治疗,观察组使用散寒化痰饮实施治疗,对两组咳嗽积分以及临床疗效加以对比。结果观察组治疗后的咳嗽积分以及总体有效率与对照组相比更具优势,两组差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论对肺部感染后咳嗽患者使用温肺散寒化痰止咳类中药实施治疗,能够使治疗效果得到有效提升,能够有效改善患者的咳嗽症状,值得推广。

董国立老师运用祛除外风类药物治验

祛除外风类药物指包括在现代方剂学中发散风寒类和祛风除湿类药物中的一部分,如羌活、防风、细辛、白芷、荆芥、独活等。由于风邪致病广泛和善行数变,致使许多疾病易掺杂风邪的致病因素。又因上述药物具辛味,辛能散,属温性能通,轻清走动而善于解除患病过程中的郁阻之势。董国立主任医师,临床30余年,积累了丰富的经验,运用该类药物每有得心应手之感,现就董老临证的部分病例总结一二。

吉益东洞医学思想刍议——兼论其对《伤寒论》在江户时期传播的影响

吉益东洞从《伤寒论》中获得"万病一毒"论的学术思想,并依据《伤寒论》著成《类聚方》《药征》等方药之书。东洞提出的"万病一毒"论及其所著药物书被广泛应用于江户中后期流行病的治疗中;与此同时,亦使张仲景的《伤寒论》在江户时期的医家中受到广泛关注。此外,东洞及其弟子们所著的《伤寒论》注解书进一步推动了《伤寒论》在江户时期的传播。

Discovery of Enteromophites in the Chengjiang Biota and Its Ecological Significance

The paper deals with a new species of megaalgal fossil-Enteromophites intestinalis sp. nov. found in Chenejiang Biota in the early Cambrian. A morphological comparison of the living Enteromorpha and fossil Enteromophites indicates that there probably is a close relationship between these two genera. Based on a study on the surroundings of living Enteromorpha, Enteromophites intestinalis sp. nov. might have lived in the environment of sea or salt water.

New Macroalgal Fossils from Middle Cambrian Kaili Biota in Guizhou Province, China

Abundant and well-preserved remains of noncalcareous algae and soft-bodied metazoans were collected from Middle Cambrian Kaili biota in Taijiang county, Guizhou Province, China. These remains provide further evidence for the wide geographic distribution of many Burgess Shale taxa. Among the algae, 5 genera (including two new genera) and 5 species are described. They are Marpolia spissa Walcott, Acinocricus stichus Conway Morris and Robison, Udotealga erecta Yang, Eosargassum sawata Yang, and Rhizophyton zhaoyuanlongii Yang. Contrasting the macroalgal fossil assemblage in the Kaili biota with one in the Burgess Shale biota, it is clear that similarity of the Kaili biota and the Burgess Shale biota is reflected by the same content of not only the soft-bodied metazoans, but also the noncalcareous algae.

嘴不上火,便秘就不是上火引发

小璐最近忽然出现了便秘症状,这让她很烦恼。作为一名爱美人士,她从网络上了解到便秘会积累毒素,影响容颜和肌肤,所以她恨不得马上大便通畅。 小璐想了一下觉得可能是上火了,于是在头一天晚上睡觉前,服下了6片牛黄解毒片,第二天一早起来却没有效果,于是就把剩下的12片也吃了下去。这下效果可显著了,一下午就去了7次厕所,最后实在受不了,只好前往医院就诊。河南省中医院消化内科主任医师牛学恩经过询问病史和检查，判定此时的小璐已经出现了脱水症状。

《温病条辨》护阳方药研究

目的:探讨《温病条辨》护阳思想的遣方用药特点。方法:筛选《温病条辨》中有关顾护阳气的条文和方药,从方药频数、性味、归经、功用主治入手,建立方药数据库并进行频数分析。结果:《温病条辨》中护阳方剂71条,护阳药物67种。其中,散寒祛湿类方剂所占比例最重;护阳用药以温里药及补气药为主,护阳药物中应用频次最高的为人参,其次是干姜、附子;药物性味以辛温药和甘温药为主,其次为苦温、甘平、辛热药,药物归经以脾、胃、肾、肺经为主。结论:《温病条辨》护阳多用辛甘、温热药物,脾、肾、胃、肺同调,在配伍上用辛甘配伍、化生阳气,辛散酸收、升阳最速,慎用苦寒、防止伤阳,芳香走窜、祛湿温阳等。

The Occurrence of Longfengshania in the Early Cambrian from Haikou, Yunnan, China

Well preserved Early Cambrian small individual megascopic carbonaceous algal fossils have been found from the Chengjiang Biota. This paper deals with the new megascopic algal fossils in the Early Cambrian also from Chengjiang Biota at Ercai Village, Haikou, Kunming, Yunnan, southwest China. Two new taxa, Longfengshania cordata sp. nov. and Plantulaformis sinensis gen. et sp. nov. are described here in detail. These new findings show that the Chengjiang Biota is high in species diversity of fossil algae and might offer new evidence for a better understanding of the Cambrian explosive biological evolution. Moreover, the fossils described here might belong to the megaalgal fossils according to detailed morphological study on the relationships of Longfengshania. Additionally, the occurrence of Longfengshania in the early Cambrian and the Neoproterozoic probably indicates a wide ecological tolerance and flexibility and apparently reflects its evolutionary conservation and a high degree of inherent genetic stability.

Cold acclimation induced accumulation of phenolic compounds and freezing tolerance in Ammopiptanthus mongolicus

Ammopiptanthus mongolicus, the only freezing tolerant evergreen broad-leaved shrub, local species of the Alashan desert, northwest sand area of China, can survive -30℃ or even lower temperature in winter. In the present study, the secondary products phenolics in A. mongolicus cotyledons were determined to study the effects of phenolics on cold tolerance. Cytochemical localization of phenolics in cotyledon cells was observed by electron microscopy and the content of phenolic compounds was assayed by spectrophotometric measurement. The results showed that the freezing tolerance ofA. mongolicus seedlings increased after acclimation at 2℃ for 14 days, which accompanied the increase of the content of phenolic compounds in cotyledons. Cytochemical observation showed that phenolic deposits were mainly localized in vacuoles and in close proximity to tonoplast, and also in the cytoplasm. The amount and the size of phenolics droplets increased obviously in cytoplasm and vacuoles after cold acclimation, predominantly aggregated along membranes of vacuoles and tonoplast. No phenolic deposits were found in cell walls. As hydrogen- or elec- tron-donating agents, phenolics may protect plant cells against reactive oxygen species formed during chilling or freezing stress and improve the freezing tolerance of cold-acclimated A. mongolicus seedlings.

Effects of Temperature,Soil Moisture,Soil Type and Their Interactions on Soil Carbon Mineralization in Zoigê Alpine Wetland,Qinghai-Tibet Plateau

Wetland stores substantial amount of carbon and may contribute greatly to global climate change debate. However, few researches have focused on the effects of global climate change on carbon mineralization in Zoige alpine wetland, Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, which is one of the most important peatlands in China. Through incubation experiment, this paper studied the effects of temperature, soil moisture, soil type （marsh soil and peat soil） and their interactions on CO2 and CH4 emission rates in Zoige alpine wetland. Results show that when the temperature rises from 5℃ to 35℃, CO2 emission rates increase by 3.3-3.7 times and 2.4-2.6 times under non-inundation treatment, and by 2.2-2.3 times and 4.1-4.3 times under inundation treatment in marsh soil and peat soil, respectively. Compared with non-inundation treatment, CO2 emission rates decrease by 6%-44%, 20%-60% in marsh soil and peat soil, respectively, under inundation treatment. CO2 emission rate is significantly affected by the combined effects of the temperature and soil type （p 〈 0.001）, and soil moisture and soil type （p 〈 0.001）, and CH4 emission rate was significantly affected by the interaction of the temperature and soil moisture （p 〈 0.001）. Q10 values for CO2 emission rate are higher at the range of 5 ℃-25℃ than 25 ℃-35℃, indicating that carbon mineralization is more sensitive at low temperature in Zoige alpine wetland.

Classification of plant functional types based on the nutrition traits： a case study on alpine meadow community in the Zoigê Plateau

The ecological concept of Plant Functional Types（PFTs）, which refers to the assemblage of plants with certain functional traits, has been introduced for the study of plant responses to the environment change and human disturbance. Taking the alpine meadow community in the Zoigê Plateau as a study case, this paper classified PFTs in terms of plant nutrition traits. The sequential results are as follows.（1） The main herbages in the Zoigê Plateau included 16 species in 5 families. Among the five families, Cyperaceae vegetation accounted for 81.37%of herbage area in total, while the remaining 4families occupied less than 20%. As for the species,Kobresia setchwanensis Hand.-Maizz. was dominant,accounting for 48.74% of the total area; while the remaining 51.26% was comprised of Polygonum viviparum L., Anaphalis fiavescens Hand.-Mazz.,Stipa aliena Keng and other species.（2） By using the Principal Component Analysis（PCA）, the assessment of herbages nutrition was carried out based on the comprehensive multi-index evaluation model.Polygonum viviparum L. had the highest nutritional value score（1.43）, and Stipa aliena Keng had the lowest（-1.40）. Nutritional value of herbage species had a significantly positive correlation with altitude（P＆lt;0.01） in the Zoigê Plateau.（3） Based on the nutritional values, herbages in the Zoigê Plateau could be grouped into 3 nutrition PFTs（high, medium and low） by using the Natural Breaks（Jenks） method.

Bacterial Cellulose Film Containing Flavonoids from ＂Sarapee＂ （Mammea siamensis） Flower Extract Against Salmonella typhimurium TISTR 292

Bacterial cellulose film containing Sarapee （Mammea siamensis） flower extract to against Salmonella typhimurium TISTR 292 was studied. Crude ethanol extract of flower from Sarapee was passed through the column chromatography in order to separate the flavonoid. The flavonoid content was about 7.97 mg/mL. Bacterial cellulose film produced by ,4cetobacter xylinum TISTR 975 in coconut juice and subsequently to application of a containing different concentration of flavonoid for 12 h and followed by freeze dry The bacterial cellulose film containing Sarapee extract using disc diffusion assay was tested for antimicrobial activity. The result showed that bacterial cellulose film containing 1.2 mg/mL of flavonoid was highly against to S. typhimurium TISTR 292 and the inhibition zone was about 31.07 mm. Investigations of the effect of coating time on incorporation of flavonoid into cellulose film showed that long coating time （12 h） had the inhibition zone closely to short coating time （8 h） with the value of 29.60-30.13 mm. Stored the bacterial cellulose film at room temperature for 7 and 14 days found that the ability to be against S. typhimurium TISTR 292 decreased after 14 days and the inhibition zone was about 22.63 mm. The percentage of ability was remaining about 75.4. This study suggests that the bacterial cellulose film has a potential for use as antimicrobial in food applications.

Predicting plant traits and functional types response to grazing in an alpine shrub meadow on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau

The identification of easily measured plant functional types (PFTs) that consistently predict grazing response would be a major advance.The responses to grazing of individual traits and PFTs were analyzed along a grazing gradient in an alpine shrub meadow on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau,China.Three response types were identified;grazing increaser (GI),grazing decreaser (GD),and neutral (NE) for both traits and PFTs.Seven traits were measured:plant height,economic group,cotyledon type,plant inclination,growth form,life cycle,and vegetative structure.The first five were significantly affected by grazing.Ordinal regressions for grazing response of the seven traits showed that the best single predictors of response were growth form (including the attributes "Scattered","Bunched" or "Closely Bunched"),and plant inclination ("Rosette","Prostrate",or "Erect"),followed by economic group ("Shrub","Grass","Sedge","Legume","Forb",or "Harmful") and plant height ("Tall","Medium",or "Small").Within the four optimal traits,the summed dominance ratio (SDR) of small plants,forbs,rosette and bunched plants,invariably increased,while that of tall plants,shrubs,grasses,and erect plants decreased,when grazing pressure was enhanced.Canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) identified eleven explanatory PFTs based on 195 defined PFTs,by combining the different attributes of the four optimal traits.Among explanatory PFTs,the most valuable in predicting the community response to grazing were Tall×Shrub×Erect×Scattered and Small×Forb×Rosette,as these have the closest connections with grazing disturbance and include fewer species.Species richness,diversity,and community evenness,did not differ among grazing treatments because turnover occurred in component species and their relative abundances along the grazing gradient.We have demonstrated that a minimum set of PFTs resulting from optimal individual traits can provide consistent prediction of community responses to grazing in this region.This approach provides a more accurate indicator of change within a changing environment than do univariate measures of species diversity.We hope to provide a link between management practices and vegetation structure,forming a basis for future,large scale,plant trait comparisons.

Driving Mechanism of Gross Primary Production Changes and Implications for Grassland Management on the Tibetan Plateau

The contribution of climatic change and anthropogenic activities to vegetation productivity are not fully understood.In this study,we determined potential climate-driven gross primary production(GPPp)using a process-based terrestrial ecosystem model,and actual gross primary production(GPPa)using MODIS Approach in alpine grasslands on the Tibetan Plateau from 2000 to 2015.The GPPa was influenced by both climatic change and anthropogenic activities.Gross primary production caused by anthropogenic activities(GPPh)was calculated as the difference between GPPp and GPPa.Approximately 75.63%and 24.37%of the area percentages of GPPa showed increasing and decreasing trends,respectively.Climatic change and anthropogenic activities were dominant factors responsible for approximately 42.90%and 32.72%of the increasing area percentage of GPPa,respectively.In contrast,climatic change and anthropogenic activities were responsible for approximately 16.88%and 7.49%of the decreasing area percentages of GPPa,respectively.The absolute values of the change trends of GPPp and GPPh of meadows were greater than those of steppes.The GPPp change values were greater than those of GPPh at all elevations,whereas both GPPp and GPPh showed decreasing trends when elevations were greater than or equal to 5000 m,4600 m and 4800 m in meadows,steppes and all grasslands,respectively.Climatic change had stronger effects on the GPPa changes when elevations were lower than 5000 m,4600 m and 4800 m in meadows,steppes and all grasslands,respectively.In contrast,anthropogenic activities had stronger effects on the GPPa changes when elevations were greater than or equal to 5000 m,4600 m and 4800 m in meadows,steppes and all grasslands,respectively.Therefore,the causes of actual gross primary production changes varied with elevations,regions and grassland types,and grassland classification management should be considered on the Tibetan Plateau.

Symptom clustering in chronic gastritis based on spectral clustering

OBJECTIVE: Apply spectral clustering to analyze the patterns of symptoms in patients with chronic gastritis(CG).METHODS: Based on 919 CG subjects, we applied mutual information feature selection to choose the positively correlated symptoms with each pattern.Then, we used the Shi and Malik spectral clustering algorithm to select the top 20 correlated symptoms.RESULTS: We ascertained the results of six patterns.There were three categories for the pattern of accumulation of damp heat in the spleen-stomach(0.00332). There were six categories for the pattern of dampness obstructing the spleen-stomach(0.02466). There were two categories for the pattern of spleen-stomach Qi deficiency(0.013 89).There were three categories for the pattern of spleen-stomach deficiency cold(0.009 15). There were five categories for the pattern of liver-Qistagnation(0.01910).There were four categories for the pattern of stagnant heat in the liver-stomach(0.00585).CONCLUSION: Most of the spectral clustering results of the symptoms of CG patterns were in accordance with clinical experience and Traditional Chinese Medicine theory. Most categories suggested the nature and/or location of the disease.