近代天津寓公群体的文化特质研究

从民国初年到20世纪30年代,许多前清贵族、遗老遗少和北洋政府要人在政治仕途上落魄之后来津租界隐居而成为寓公群体。近代天津寓公群体构成了租界内居住群体的主要人群,处于居民社会阶层结构的上层,占据着大量的社会财富,享受着西方的物质文明,过着奢侈浮夸、休闲舒适的日常生活,生活方式呈现出开放性,对西方现代文明有着较强的学习和体验热情,成为西方现代文明引入近代中国的先行者,寓公群体阶层成为传统与现代元素兼具的矛盾统一体。

论天津“文化区域”的形成及其对天津曲艺繁荣的影响

本文以社会学的视角,关注音乐现象产生背后的文化因素,从城市的发展、社会阶层的构成、各阶级的活动等方面来考察天津曲艺音乐繁荣的特殊性。天津的城市发展,特别是城市文化布局的形成,成为曲艺艺术在天津得以繁荣的内在动因。

成都杜甫草堂楹联

此间位置安排,居然广厦,拾梅花能得韵,抚修竹能得声,嘻,先生能耽咏否? 当时艰难险阻,久作寓公,望湘衡则无家,叩关陕则无国,噫,君子亦有穷乎?

县官巧骑驴

爸爸在朝里当大官,或系皇亲国戚,儿子在老家当寓公,一个创业,一个守成,这个搭配和分工相当合乎理想。这公子哥儿在县里自然是极有身份,各方面都得买他的账。如若表现得更霸道一些,也并不出乎意外。

Effect of Flats Speed on Card Sliver Quality

The effect of flats speed,especially higher flats speed,on card sliver quality was studied.Card sliver produced at seven flats speeds was tested with Uster AFIS.Test results show that over-high flats speed is not beneficial to removing impurities and neps of card sliver.The flats speed from 450 to 550 mm/min is the best for removing impurity;while a speed of 450 or 650 mm/min is the best for removing neps of card sliver.The 1 050 mm/min flats speed is the best for removing short fibers.Accordingly,the flats speed of 450 mm/min is the most advantageous to improve the comprehensive quality of card sliver.It is also found that installing back-web-cleaner is very helpful to remove neps.It is also favorable to reduce short fibers,thus increasing the average length.But it is not helpful to reduce impurities in the sliver.

A Cogeneration System for an Apartment Building Based on Distributed Heat Storage Technology

In order for economically viable distributed generation systems for apartment buildings to spread, it is essential to develop an efficient and low-cost heat supply system. We have developed a new eogeneration system called the Neighboring Cogeneration system （NCG）. The key concept of this system is to install a heat accumulator with a hot water supply and a room heating function at each household and to connect different households by a single loop of hot water pipe. As a result, time leveling of the heat supply and heat transferring among households becomes possible. Thus, the costs of the pipe and the heat source equipment decrease. Furthermore, because all of the heat accumulators store heat, the total heat storage capacity is large enough for cogeneration to generate exhaust heat according to the electricity demand and with a high operating rate. In this paper, we report the results of the NCG system for 7 lived-in households. The controlling system worked efficiently. All of the households were able to use hot water without any difficulties. Further, we report the results of the energy saving effect of the NCG system for 50 lived-in households by means of a simulation based on the experimental results for NEXT21.

Consideration of Shape Characteristics for Apartments Incorporating Daylight and Energy Performance

The objective of this paper is to design units with well-lighted environment and low-energy consumption in the apartment building. Their daylight and energy performance can be determined by the building shape and orientation. The paper initially produced the results of illuminations and energy efficiency using the daylight and thermal simulations by Autodesk ＂ECOTECT＂. It then provided the comparison on simulation results of two type buildings： Flat-type and L-type apartment. The available options for the design incorporating the environmental performance have less flexibility in fiat-type apartments than in L-type ones. The best unit in the fiat apartment is fixed from -45 to 45 degrees rotation, however, that in the L-type one can change depending on rotating the building. Moreover, if the upper level units had the appropriate environment, the lower level could have larger window areas in order to meet those daylight performance needs. Results show that the facade design should have the different window areas depending on the location of each unit. It can assist in the comfort and low-energy consumption design by using simulation tools that achieve the more predictable understandings.

Evaluation of Embodied Energy and Construction Costs for the Design of Low-Rise Apartments for Low-Income Residents in Surabaya, Indonesia

Low-rise apartments for low-income residents have been built in Surabaya in recent years. They have four stories and many rooms, and the dwellers are all small traders. Because these projects are built with funds from the government, the buildings are designed to consider the cost of construction, without consideration of embodied energy material. As a result, the buildings are not optimal in terms of embodied energy and construction cost. At present, because there are both concerns over global warning and a worldwide energy crisis, the embodied energy in a building is a very important concept for building design, because it can determine usage of energy in relation to natural sources, especially fossil fuels. This is part of the sustainable design concept. This paper describes research regarding： differences in embodied energy and construction cost between different wall materials, including brick, corn block and lightweight concrete in low rise apartments; the optimal relationship between embodied energy and building cost; and which factors determine these differences. The findings of this research show that lightweight concrete is the best material for the building walls; apartments for low-income in Surabaya still do not represent optimal construction design; and that sustainable buildings are cheaper than those that do not use this concept.

Star River,A Champion of High-end Residence

Star River(or Star Bay),an elite works of Hong Yu Group,is located in Sijixinghe Road,Chaoyang District,Beijing.It is a distinguished residence area,occupying land of 300 thousand sq.meters.The north side is a forest garden with 1600 or more mu,the eastern side is a green belt with more than 2000 mu.

Prices of Apartments in Relation to Noise Level in Poland

Acoustic climate of a given area ought to be a factor of considerable significance in investment processes in an urbanized area, especially in a residential real estate market, due to its extensive influence on the living standards of its inhabitants. In the following article, the authors have given an analysis of the residential market of housing units located in areas of acceptable and excessive noise levels in preselected regions of Poland. With this end in view, an entirely new source of information has been used in the research--an acoustic map which has been defined and applied to produce the outcome of the analysis. It allowed for the recognition of whether or not the noise level influences decisions made by investors existing in a local residential real estate market.

An Evaluation Method for the Potential of Old Apartment Buildings＇ Rehabilitation in Brazil

The rehabilitation of older buildings for residential use that started in the last few decades of the 20th century has become recurrent in some Brazilian cities. In Sao Paulo, for instance, this subject is within the context of the revitalization of its downtown area with the reintroduction of residential occupancy in the region as a consequence of actions taken by public and private groups. However, older buildings were designed based on the technologies and regulations available in the past and applied to meet the lifestyles of the time of their construction. This paper presents a method for the analysis of older apartment buildings, diagnosing their strengths and limitations in adapting to both the new Brazilian regulatory and legislative requirements, and the contemporary domestic demands. Requirements, criteria and methods for evaluation were studied, and defined as well as procedures for the application of a method which allows for a physical and systematic analysis of old apartment buildings. It was found that the proposed method can be an important support tool at the moment of studying the feasibility of rehabilitation processes, guiding and providing grounds for the design and building decisions of the professionals involved in these processes.

Apartments for Elderly People in a Building Designed as a Retirement Home

The building as a model for conceiving a project： The future of the construction industry will be a science of what to do with the built environment rather than the classical problem of what is needed to be built. The necessary areas for living, working and entertainment are probably already built, but we need to update them to comply with the new codes, the new needs and the new uses of our society. For this reason we are looking at new ways of addressing our profession： Firstly we have to decide whether a new way of living requires a new space or if there is already an existing space available. Secondly, we have to adapt the chosen space to the new requirements of society and the new codes and regulations. Thirdly, we have to think about the sustainable and energetic needs, in order to update the building to the new efficiency requirements in terms of energy. Life cicle： We want to add a vision of life cycle to a building in terms of changing and updating. With this vision we are looking for ＂quality existing buildings＂ and for a way of designing ＂versatile frameworks＂ and layouts allowing for future renovation and refurbishments, Therefore our research is two pronged： （1） Identify examples of transformable buildings; （2） Looking for a design strategy that allows for easy changes of use.

Research on Intelligent Power Management System for Student Dormitory based on CAN Bus

This paper analyzes the actual situation of the electricity management about student apartments, and design intelligent energy student housing management system based on CAN bus. The system uses the field level, the underlying management level and upper management level three management system. Field level with a dedicated energy metering chip AD7755 and STM32F103 microcontroller with A/D conversion function as the core, to achieve real-time power measurement; via CAN bus timing or random read live energy data for monitoring electricity consumption of the apartment, investigate abnormal electricity, thus effectively limiting the students to use electrical power to achieve the modernization and automation of power management solutions student apartments.

Transfrom Construction Waste into Resources

THE almost two-meter-high sculpture Liu Xiaofan admired at an exhibition,and which he assumed was bronze,turned out to have been made from recycled building waste.Liu immediately thought of the pile of demolition debris next to his home.He had witnessed new construction waste steadily piling up next to his apartment building and the community public lawn.Dust floated high and free as the wind blew and deposited it on his balcony.This epitomizes the "metabolism" of Chinese cities.

Effect of Temperature Differentials on Condensers of Split-Type Air Conditioners in Apartment Buildings

Analyzing the effects of heat rejection from condensers of split-type air-conditioning units at lower-floors of MLABs （multi-level apartment buildings）, using field measurements to monitor environmental conditions and condenser operation, revealed increases in the inlet air temperature at the condensers at the upper floors, which in turn increased the power and energy requirements for these units and decreased their cooling capacities. Results indicated that a decrease of up to 16,000 tons in cooling capacity and an increase of up to 67.2 MW in the national peak load demand might be reached for a 4 ℃ temperature differential for Kuwait conditions. It is recommended that the condensers be placed in the wind pathway to minimize the impact of heat rejection and stack effect and to optimize the operation of split-type air-conditioning units, and that other factors regarding installation setup and location are investigated.

Performance of U-tube Solar Water Heaters Facing Different Directions

System performance of solar water heaters depends upon collector and storage tank designs, solar radiation intensity and ambient temperature, amongst others. Evacuated glass tube collectors with U-tubes inside are less prone to leakages than the all-glass or the heat pipe types. U-tube solar water heaters suspended on walls and balconies could help overcome present day roof space restriction and increasing apartment-style housing. As such, their performance would depend upon its orientation when mounted in a vertical position. This paper reports the results of outdoor tests conducted on natural convection U-tube solar water heaters oriented towards different directions. Long and short term test procedures were employed to allow us to compare their performances as if they were tested simultaneously side-by-side.

The fable paradigm of the gender pay gap： Evidence from Portuguese private firms

This study investigates gender income disparity in Portuguese firms using separate Tobit models for men and women. While job segregation seems to be one of the major sources of gender disparity, women do not appear to be systematically underpaid in predominantly female occupations, regardless of the industry. The authors found that gender pay gap is larger in domestic firms, and it increases with employees＇ accumulated tenure and decreases with advanced education for women and on labor market entry. Despite showing some encouraging cracks, the glass ceiling still continues to prevent women from reaching top management positions. Finally, despite it appears wage disparity does exist, and it will probably continue to exist, the results point towards a window of opportunity for women.

《畅叙谱》著者考

《观自得斋丛书别集》本《畅叙谱》一书,在文献著录中,都归为沈德潜之作,然是书体现的思想格调、作者性情及所用文体,均与沈德潜不符。此书乾隆刻本及顾沅《生花管》丛书本著者均署为"糟邱寓公",从经历、嗜好与志向来看,此人即沈德潜《怀友十二章》中的"马寓公"。为反清复明自蓟门来吴中石鼓山,后因清廷统治趋于稳定,其志意难以实现,便沉湎于酒以寄托忧愤。《畅叙谱》一书非寻常酒政之作,而是一部深怀隐衷的奇书。

盖棺不变此心丹——清遗民华世奎诗歌略论

辛亥革命后,天津成为众多前清遗老名流的聚集地,'北之津、胶,南之淞沪,殊多遗老足迹'1。1925年初,逊帝溥仪潜至天津张园,设立'清室驻津办事处',此后天津更是成了遗老们情之所向、心之所系之地。寓居津门的大佬寓公,往往身份较高,又与政治多有瓜葛,并且擅长诗词创作。在溥仪身边的前清遗民中,华世奎是非常著名的一个,其忠于清室的情感、复兴儒教的思想对我们了解前清遗民群体特征不乏认识价值。

FPn-Injective, FPn-Flat Covers and Preenvelopes, and Gorenstein AC-Flat Covers

We prove that, for any n 〉 2, the classes of FPn-injective modules and of FPn-flat modules are both covering and preenveloping over any ring R. This includes the case of FP∞-injective and FP∞-flat modules （i.e., absolutely clean and, respectively, level modules）. Then we consider a generalization of the class of （strongly） Gorenstein flat modules, i.e., the （strongly） Gorenstein AC-flat modules （cycles of exact complexes of flat modules that remain exact when tensored with any absolutely clean module）. We prove that some of the properties of Gorenstein fiat modules extend to the class of Gorenstein AC-flat modules; for example, we show that this class is precovering over any ring R. We also show that （as in the case of Gorenstein flat modules） every Gorenstein AC-flat module is a direct summand of a strongly Gorenstein AC-flat module. When R is such that the class of Gorenstein AC-flat modules is closed under extensions, the converse is also true. Moreover, we prove that if the class of Gorenstein AC-flat modules is closed under extensions, then it is covering.