中医察目望神规则挖掘的关键技术

中医客观化中有一个很重要的问题是根据量化的人体特征推导出人体的状态.提出了一种用于中医察目望神客观化中从眼部特征推导出人体"神"的状态的规则挖掘方法.首先给出了视频采集方法,接着使用类-属性依赖最大化方法(CAIM)对眼部特征数据进行离散化形成规则挖掘中的属性区间,然后使用云模型进行关联规则挖掘得到大量候选规则,再对3种互补的规则裁剪方法进行修改和组合用于候选规则的整理,并形成最终的规则集合.利用交叉验证法检验规则挖掘的效果,得到了93%的平均精确度,达到了很好的效果.

关于针刺疗法中“神”的问题

《内经》在论及针刺时 ,再三强调要重视对神的观察。本文根据典籍提示 ,从察神、守神、治神三方面展开分析。从临床角度提出怎样通过观察目、色、脉、形态之神及精神魂魄、意志得失情况来判断病情的轻重缓急 ,可针、不可针。并提示针刺过程中医患双方都应情绪稳定 ,精神专注 ,用心体会针下的感觉 ,准确把握补泻的时机。治神除调治医者身心精神及患者的情绪心态外 ,还体现在平衡阴阳、补虚泻实、存留真气的针法上。掌握这些内容对提高临床针刺水平 ,有极其重要的意义。

针刺守形与守神辨析

"形神一体"是中医学整体理论的重要组成部分,"形""神"二者相互依存,不可分割。针刺的诊疗活动同样不能离开这二者之任意一方,若要达到"守神"的上工境界,"守形"是基础,"守神"是目标。临床中从守形而起,做到察神、守神,努力成为上工,应当作为每个从事针刺事业医生的目标。

DESIGN OF NONLINEAR OBSERVER FOR NONLINEAR SYSTEM BASED ON RBF NEURAL NETWORKS

A new type of nonlinear observer for nonlinear systems is presented. Instead of approximating thc cntire nonlinear system with the neural network （NN）, only the un-modeled part left over after the lincarization is approximated. Compared with the conventional linear observer, the observer provides more accurate estimation of the state. The state estimation error is proved to asymptotically approach zero with the Lyapunov method. The simulation result shows that the proposed observer scheme is effective and has a potential application ability in the fault detection and identification （FDI）, and the state estimation.

On Contemplative Psychology

This paper is a revised version of a seminal paper, written as early as 1986, that introduces the concept of contemplative psychology as a psychology that is an intrinsic part of the contemplative traditions of most world religions. It refers to the psychological insights and methods that are-often implicitly-present in the spiritual traditions themselves. The paper delineates this psychology as a psychology in its own right and in dialogue with the conventional view of psychology and science. Later research by the author has been published in two books entitled Contemplative Psychology and The Spiritual Path： An Introduction to the Psychology of the Spiritual Traditions.

Improvement of cardiac function and reversal of gap junction remodeling by Neuregulin-1β in volume-overloaded rats with heart failure

Objective We performed experiments using Neuregulin-1β （NRG-1β） treatment to determine a mechanism for the protective role derived from its beneficial effects by remodeling gap junctions （GJs） during heart failure （HF）. Methods Rat models of I-IF were established by aortocaval fistula. Forty-eight rats were divided randomly into the HF （HF, n = 16）, NRG-1β trealanent （NRG, n = 16）, and sham operation （S, n = 16） group. The rats in the NRG group were administered NRG-1β （10 μg/kg per day） for 7 days via the tail vein, whereas the other groups were injected with the same doses of saline, Twelve weeks after operation, Connexin 43 （Cx43） expression in single myocytes obtained from the left ventricle was determined by immunocytochemistry. Total protein was extracted from frozen left ventricular tissues for immunoblotting assay, and the ultrastmcture of myocytes was observed by transmission electron microscopy. Results Compared with the HF group, the cardiac fimction of rats in the NRG group was markedly improved, irregular distribution and deceased Cx43 expression were relieved. The ultrastmcture of myocytes was seriously damaged in HF rats, and NRG-1β reduced these pathological damages. Conclusions Short-term NRG-1β treatment can rescue pump failure in experimental models of volume overload-induced HF, which is related to the recovery of GJs structure and the improvement of Cx43 expression.

Clinicopathologic Observation of 6 Cases with Neuroendocrine Carcinoma of the Urinary Bladder

OBJECTIVE To discuss the pathologic characteristics and theprognosis of neuroendocrine carcinoma of the bladder(NECB)in order to assist in making a precise diagnosis and to effectivelytreat the disease.METHODS Clinicopathologic features of the 6 cases with NECBwere analyzed retrospectively.The personal data of the patientsand the pathologic and immunohistochemical characteristics ofthe tumor were investigated.The follow-up of these patients wasconducted over a time period ranging from 3 months to 9 years.RESULTS Transurethral resection of the bladder tumorwas performed in all 6 patients.Based on the results of thepathologic examination,4 of the cases were diagnosed as smallcell neuroendocrine carcinoma and the other 2 were diagnosedas atypical carcinoid tumor.On immunohistochemical stainingall tumors expressed neuroendocrine markers includingneuronspecific enolase(CD56),synaptophysin(Syn)andchromogranin(CgA).In patients receiving partial cystectomyfollowed by postoperative chemotherapy,relapse was found in 4of the 6 cases on follow up.CONCLUSION NECB is a rare entity and a tumor with highmalignant potential and characteristic pathologic features.Hematuria is the cardinal symptom of NECB.Metastasis mayoccur at an early stage and the prognosis of the disease is poor.Final diagnosis of NECB depends on histopathologic examinationand immunohistochemical assays.Surgical excision combinedwith radiotherapy and chemotherapy is considered an effectivetreatment.

针灸诊疗中经络腧穴施术的形气神之辨

形、气、神是构成生命的重要元素,经络、腧穴均具有形气神多层面特点。在针灸诊疗过程中,形气神之辨的本质为病位层面之辨,再结合形气神之间的动态变化,可以用识病、察神、揣形等方法对疾病进行全方位辨析。形气神之辨在针灸治疗中的具体应用包括:若形病为先,以治形为主,兼治气、神;若气病为先,以理气为要,兼调神、形;若神病为先,以调神为首,同调气、形。

LITERATURE RESEARCH ON POINT INJECTION WITH CHINESE ANGELICA LIQUOR

Chinese Angelica is sweet and pungent in flavour and warm in property. It has the effect of tonifying blood and activating blood circulation and is frequently applied for such gynecological diseases as irregular menstruation and weak constitution after delivery. Therefore, Chinese Angelica has also the name of 'sacred medicament in gynecology'.

Temporal dynamics of mental impasses underlying insight-like problem solving

Insight problem solving is characterized by mental impasses,states of mind in which the problem solver does not know what to do next.Although many studies have investigated the neural correlates of insight problem solving,however,the question when mental impasses occur during insight problem solving has been rarely studied.The present study adopted high temporal resolution ERPs to investigate the temporal dynamics of an impasse underlying insight problem solving.Time locked ERPs were recorded associated with problems with impasses(PWI) and problems without impasses(POI).The problem types were determined by participants' subjective responses.The results revealed an early frontocentral P2 was linked with the preconscious awareness of mental impasses and a P3a was associated with fixed attention when the impasse formed.These findings suggest the impasse may occur initially at a relatively early stage and metacognition plays an important role in insight problem solving.

Observation on Therapeutic Effect of Mild Moxibustion plus Acupoint Injection for Optic Atrophy

Objective： To observe the clinical effect of mild moxibustion plus acupoint injection for optic atrophy. Methods： Ninety-four patients with optic atrophy were divided into a treatment group （51 cases） and a control group （43 cases）. The treatment group was treated with mild moxibustion plus acupoint injection, and the control group was treated with medications. After three courses, the change of vision was observed. Results： The total effective rate was 82.4% in the treatment group and 41.9% in the control group, with a statistical difference between the two groups （P〈O.05）. Conclusion： Moxibustion plus acupoint injection is an effective method to treat optic atrophy.

A Real-Time Collision-Free Path Planning of a Rust Removal Robot Using an Improved Neural Network

In this paper, a real-time collision-free path planning of the rust removal robot in a ship environment is proposed, which is based on an improved biologically inspired neural network algorithm. This improved algorithm is based on the biologically inspired neural network and modified with obstacle detection sensors and kinematic state templates, and is implemented in a ship rust removal robot planning system for dynamic trajectory generation. The real-time optimal trajectory is generated by the biologically inspired neural network, and the moving obstacle detection process of a ship robot working on the wall is simulated with the obstacle detection sensors models. The local real-time trajectory can be re-planned by the updated local map information, where the obstacle detection sensors are used to inspect partial environment information and update the robot nearby information in real time in the original neural network algorithm. At the same time, the method of the kinematic state templates matching and searching is used to solve the pipes’ influence of the rust removal robot climbing on the wall, which can not only provide a smooth path, but also can judge the motion direction and turning angle of the robot. Comparison of the proposed approach with the simulation shows that the improved algorithm is capable of planning a real-time collision-free path with achieving the local environmental information and judging the rust removal robot’s motion direction and turning angle. This proposed algorithm can be good used in the ship rust removal robot. © 2017, Shanghai Jiaotong University and Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany.