Alignment Techniques in Total Knee Arthroplasty:Where do We Stand Today?

Achieving optimal alignment in total knee arthroplasty(TKA) is a critical factor in ensuring optimal outcomes and long-term implant survival. Traditionally, mechanical alignment has been favored to achieve neutral postoperative joint alignment. However, contemporary approaches, such as kinematic alignments and hybrid techniques including adjusted mechanical, restricted kinematic, inverse kinematic, and functional alignments, are gaining attention for their ability to restore native joint kinematics and anatomical alignment, potentially leading to enhanced functional outcomes and greater patient satisfaction. The ongoing debate on optimal alignment strategies considers the following factors: long-term implant durability, functional improvement, and resolution of individual anatomical variations. Furthermore, advancements of computer-navigated and robotic-assisted surgery have augmented the precision in implant positioning and objective measurements of soft tissue balance. Despite ongoing debates on balancing implant longevity and functional outcomes, there is an increasing advocacy for personalized alignment strategies that are tailored to individual anatomical variations. This review evaluates the spectrum of various alignment techniques in TKA, including mechanical alignment, patient-specific kinematic approaches, and emerging hybrid methods. Each technique is scrutinized based on its fundamental principles, procedural techniques, inherent advantages, and potential limitations, while identifying significant clinical gaps that underscore the need for further investigation.

根据衣服刺创口痕迹推断刺切顺序与刺器宽度

在法医检验鉴定中，常利用体表刺创口形态分析判断刺切的先后顺序与刺器宽度，但由于受人体皮肤组织状态、肌肉回缩和死后尸体腐败等因素影响，从而导致利用人体刺创口形态判断创口形成顺序与刺器宽度存在误差。而衣服上刺创口与体表上刺创口相对比，因其组织形态和腐败因素较之体表创口具有更稳定的特点，所以本研究依据衣服上刺创口痕迹来判断刺切顺序与刺器宽度。

Shielding Effectiveness of Rural Concealed Communication Cable of Asymmetric/Symmetric Slots with Different Shapes

With the rural concealed communication cable as the study object, the shielding effectiveness of different slot shapes was analyzed by using LBEM （linear boundary element method）. The engineering example results showed that for twocore shielded cable, the coupling capacitance of trapezoid slots （asymmetric and symmetric） changed the most, followed by rectangular slots （asymmetric and symmetric）, and the changes of wedge slots were the smallest, but the change tenden- cies were consistent. In addition, with the increase of slot width of different slots, the coupling capacitance of tow-cored shielded cable showed small change.

The Multiplier Algebra of a Ternary Algebra

In this article, we have given the definition of the relative double multiplier (quasi-multiplier) on a ternary algebra,and studied the isomorphic problem of the multiplier algebra M(A,e) of a ternary algerbra A.

船体建造精度控制技术分析

水路运输业的迅速发展向船舶质量提出了更高的要求,而为了进一步提高船舶建造质量,本文以船体建造的精度控制技术作为主要研究对象,通过对船体建造精度控制方法的发展情况进行阐述,进而对船体建造精度控制的各项技术展开了深入研究。

浅谈船舶建造精度控制方法

船舶精度控制技术是研究在船体建造过程中如何加放尺寸精度补偿量取代余量,通过合理的建造公差,有效的工艺技术与管理技术,对船体零部件结构进行尺寸精度控制,以提高建造质量。船舶在建造过程中的精度控制是一项十分重要的技术,不仅是保证船舶质量、缩短建造周期、降低造船成本的重要手段,而且是实施盆舾装等先进造船工艺和科学管理的基础。文章介绍了船舶建造的特点和船舶建造精度控制的内容,说明了船体建造精度控制的具体方法。

Prospective randomized controlled trial investigating the type of sutures used during hepatectomy

AIM: To determine whether absorbable sutures or non-absorbable sutures are better in preventing surgical site infection (SSI), in this paper we discuss the results of a randomized clinical trial which examined the type of sutures used during hepatectomy. METHODS: All hepatic resections performed from January 2007 to November 2008 at the Department of Surgery at Iizuka Hospital in Japan were included in this study. There were 125 patients randomly assigned to an absorbable sutures (Vicryl) group or non-absorbable sutures (Silk) group. RESULTS: SSI was observed in 13.6% (17/125) patients participating in this study, 11.3% in the Vicryl group and 15.8% in the Silk group. Incisional SSI including superficial and deep SSI, was observed in 8% of the Vicryl group and 9.5% of the Silk group. Organ/ space SSI was observed in 3.2% of the Vicryl group and 6.0% of the Silk group. There were no significant differences, but among the patients with SSI, the period for recovery was significantly shorter for the Vicryl group compared to the Silk group.CONCLUSION: The incidence of SSI in patients receiving absorbable sutures and silk sutures is not significantly different in this randomized controlled study; however, the period for recovery in patients with SSI was significantly shorter for absorbable sutures.

Effect of asymmetric rolling under high friction coefficient on recrystallization texture and plastic anisotropy of AA1050 alloy

In asymmetric rolling(ASR) the circumferential velocities of the working rolls are different. This yields a complex deformation mode with shear, compression and rigid body rotation components. The main microstructural modification is on crystallographic texture, and, for aluminium alloys, this may improve the deformability after recrystallization. This work correlated the process variables, thickness reduction per pass(TRP) and velocity ratio between the upper and bottom rolls, with the texture development and the plastic properties after annealing. Finite element(FE) simulations were performed to quantify the influence of the strain components. Experimental data on texture, and plastic anisotropy were analyzed. In the sheet centre a crystallographic rotation of the compression components about the TD(transverse direction) axis was obtained, which yielded the development of {111}//ND(normal direction) texture components. On the surfaces the local variation of the velocity gradients caused an extra rotation component about ND. This yielded the increment of rotated cube components. After annealing the main texture components at the sheet centre were maintained and the texture intensity decreased. The planar anisotropy(△r) was reduced but the normal anisotropy and deep drawability obtained by the Erichsen test were similar for all conditions. The most favourable reduction of △r was obtained at a velocity ratio of 1.5 and TRP of 10%.

Effects of Pressure Stress Work and Viscous Dissipation in Mixed Convection Flow Along a Vertical Flat Plate

The Effects of pressure stress work and viscous dissipation in mixed convection flow along a vertical fiat plate have been investigated. The results are obtained by transforming the governing system of boundary layer equations into a system of non-dimensional equations and by applying implicit finite difference method together with Newton＇s linearization approximation. Numerical results for different values of pressure stress work parameter, viscous dissipation parameter and Prandtl number have been obtained. The velocity profiles, temperature distributions, skin friction co-efficient and the rate of heat transfer have been presented graphically for the effects of the aforementioned parameters.

Coupled Nonlinear Schrodinger Equation: Symmetries and Exact Solutions

The symmetries, symmetry reductions, and exact solutions of a coupled nonlinear Schrodinger （CNLS） equation derived from the governing system for atmospheric gravity waves are researched by means of classical Lie group approach in this paper. Calculation shows the CNLS equation is invariant under some Galilean transformations, scaling transformations, phase shifts, and space-time translations. Some ordinary differential equations are derived from the CNLS equation. Several exact solutions including envelope cnoidal waves, solitary waves and trigonometric function solutions for the CNLS equation are also obtained by making use of symmetries.

A Partial Differential Inequality in Geological Models

Sedimentation and erosion processes in sedimentary basins can be modeled by a parabolic equation with a limiter on the fluxes and a constraint on the time variation. This limiter happens to satisfy a stationary scalar hyperbolic inequality, within a constraint, for which the authors prove the existence and the uniqueness of the solution. Actually, this solution is shown to be the maximal element of a convenient convex set of functions. The existence proof is obtained thanks to the use of a numerical scheme.

Optimal approximate merging of a pair of Bézier curves with G^2-continuity

We present a novel approach for dealing with optimal approximate merging of two adjacent Bezier eurves with G^2-continuity. Instead of moving the control points, we minimize the distance between the original curves and the merged curve by taking advantage of matrix representation of Bezier curve＇s discrete structure, where the approximation error is measured by L2-norm. We use geometric information about the curves to generate the merged curve, and the approximation error is smaller. We can obtain control points of the merged curve regardless of the degrees of the two original curves. We also discuss the merged curve with point constraints. Numerical examples are provided to demonstrate the effectiveness of our algorithms.

Effects of Relativistic and Ponderomotive Nonlinearities on an Intense Laser Pulse Propagation in a Plasma Channel

The optical guiding of a moderately intense laser pulse in a parabolic preformed plasma channel is analyzed by means of the variational method.Relativistic,ponderomotive and their coupling nonlinearities are included.The conditions for periodic defocusing and focusing,as well as constant spot size propagation are given.It is found that the laser focusing is released by the coupling of relativistic and ponderomotive nonlinearities.

Synthesis of chiral 1,3-bis(1-(diarylphosphoryl)ethyl)-benzenes via Ir-catalyzed double asymmetric hydrogenation of bis(diarylvinylphosphine oxides)

A class of chiral 1,3-bis(diarylphosphinoethyl)benzenes, which are key intermediates for the synthesis of PCP-type chiral pincer ligands, were prepared in high diastereomeric ratios and excellent ee values via double asymmetric hydrogenation of the corresponding bis(diarylvinylphosphine oxide) substrates using a SpinPhox/Ir(I) complex as the catalyst. The hydrogenation product 5a was readily transformed into the corresponding borane-protected chiral PCP-type pincer ligand 7a with high enantiomeric excess, exemplifying a viable synthetic route to optically active chiral PCP pincer ligands.

A PAIR OF COUPLING METRICS FOR SOFTWARE NETWORKS

Complex networks are everywhere. A typical example is software network. How to measure and control coupling interactions of software components is a largely explored research problem in software network. In terms of graph theory and linear algebra, this paper investigates a pair of coupling metrics to evaluate coupling interactions between the classes of object-oriented systems. These metrics differ from the majority of existing metrics in three aspects： Taking into account the strength that one class depends on other ones, reflecting indirect coupling, and distinguishing various coupling interaction. An empirical comparison of the novel measures with one of the most widely used coupling metrics is described. Specifically, an experiment about the relationships of this pair metrics is conducted. The result shows that software complexity derived from coupling interaction could not be accurately reflected by one dimension of coupling metric for negative correlation.

A family of symmetric mixed finite elements for linear elasticity on tetrahedral grids

A family of stable mixed finite elements for the linear elasticity on tetrahedral grids are constructed,where the stress is approximated by symmetric H(div)-Pk polynomial tensors and the displacement is approximated by C-1-Pk-1polynomial vectors,for all k 4.The main ingredients for the analysis are a new basis of the space of symmetric matrices,an intrinsic H(div)bubble function space on each element,and a new technique for establishing the discrete inf-sup condition.In particular,they enable us to prove that the divergence space of the H(div)bubble function space is identical to the orthogonal complement space of the rigid motion space with respect to the vector-valued Pk-1polynomial space on each tetrahedron.The optimal error estimate is proved,verified by numerical examples.

Wavelet analysis of the convectively-coupled equatorial waves

The spatial and temporal distribution characteristics of the main convectively-coupled equatorial waves were analyzed with the OLR data provided by NOAA and the method of wavelet analysis.The results indicate that the wavelet analysis can effectively distinguish MJO,Kelvin,ER,TD,and EMRG wave and the characteristics of their activities in 1992.The propagation speeds of MJO and ER wave are the slowest,following by Kelvin and TD wave and with MRG the fastest.The MJO from the Indian Ocean to the West Pacific Ocean,the Kelvin wave near the International Date Line,the ER and the TD wave around the West Pacific Ocean and the MRG in the eastern of the International Date Line have the biggest wave amplitude.The MJO in boreal winter and spring,the Kelvin wave in boreal spring and summer,the ER wave in boreal autumn,and the TD wave in boreal summer are active.The WMRG wave activates in boreal autumn,whereas EMRG wave appears year-round.These spatial and temporal characteristics agree well with the results of relevant theoretical studies,indicating that the wavelet analysis in the time-frequency domain is another effective method to reveal the evolution of convectively-coupled equatorial waves.

Influence of temperature and LO phonon on the effective mass of bipolarons in polar semiconductor quantum dots

The temperature and LO phonon effects of the bipolaron in polar semiconductor quantum dots （QDs） are studied by using the Tokuda modified linear-combination operator method and the Lee-Low-Pines variational method. The expressions for the mean number ofLO phonons and the effective mass of the bipolaron are derived. Numerical results show that the mean number of LO phonons of the bipolaron decreases with increasing the temperature and the relative distance r between two electrons, but increases with increasing the electron-phonon coupling strength a The effective mass of the bipolaron M＊ increases rapidly with increasing the relative distance r between two electrons when r is smaller, and it reaches a maximum at r ≈ 4.05rp, while after that, 34＊ decreases slowly with increasing r. The effective mass of the bipolaron M＇ decreases with increasing the temperature. The electron-phonon coupling strength a markedly influences the changes of mean number of LO phonons and the effective mass M＊ with the relative distance r and the temperature parameter y.