1930年代东亚对周作人的评价——以丁来东的周作人评论为例

周作人从1920—40年代与韩国文人和知识阶层有过持续的接触和交流,堪称中国文人中最关心韩国文化的一位。他学习韩国语,还高度评价韩国的艺术价值,支持韩国的独立,积极肯定韩国的文化认同。当时韩国人也和周作人这位中国新文学主要作家频繁进行交流,关注他的文学活动及思想观念,并把他介绍给韩国,有时予以评论。最值得瞩目的是1920、30年代在北京留学的丁来东(1903—1985)发表的《周作人与中国新文学》(1934年9、10月)。这篇文章系统、全面地对周作人进行了评论和介绍。丁来东对投靠日本帝国主义以前的周作人的文学活动及思想立场集中进行了探讨,并给予了相当高的评价。由于丁来东的文章出现,从那以后韩国读者们对作为中国有代表性的现代作家周作人有了多方面的了解。丁来东的周作人评论是和中国、日本的周作人研究同时进行的。丁来东于1934年5月结束了北京留学生活最终回国,他可能已经了解到从那年4月初开始展开的对周作人《五十自寿诗》的争论。而倾向于无政府主义文艺论,对马克思主义持批判态度的丁来东与周作人在意识形态上达成一致,产生了共鸣,而且当时韩国无产阶级文学运动没落的现实等各种变化因素重叠在一起,使丁来东对周作人的文学活动和思想态度更加关注。结果是丁来东通读了周作人的许多作品和著作之后,发表了《周作人与中国新文学》,这篇文章包含了对周作人的人生文学观、言志文学观、周作人散文创作的特点及成果、周作人丰富的阅读修养、以内容与思想为中心的白话文学论、批判国民文学和无产阶级文学的思想立场、周作人对小品文这一成为现代文学顶峰的文学体裁的提倡、对民间文艺的重视以及具有包容性的文艺批评态度等大量内容,这在当时来说可谓是相当系统全面的评论。苏雪林的《周作人先生研究》是1934年12月发表的,增田涉的《周作人论》是1935年9月发表的,而丁来东的《周作人与中国新文学》是在早于他们的1934年9、10月间就已经发表了,这一点也有必要予以关注。虽然丁来东对周作人的评论不是长期持续进行的,但却是在较早时期进行,而且在韩国又是首次系统全面地评论了周作人,因此这在东亚的周作人研究史上是具有一定的意义的。

基于MATLAB语言的水平对数周期天线成形分析

水平对数周期天线是一种应用广泛的宽波段行波定向天线。由于水平对数周期天线阵具有宽频带、高增益、低仰角辐射等特点,具有良好的远距离通信性能,被广泛用于通信、导航、广播等领域。针对水平对数周期天线几何非线性的特点,首先对振子水平拉力和边索进行了分析。将MATLAB语言应用在水平对数周期天线的成形计算中,并将计算结果作为天线成形和工程应用提供数据支撑。计算方法经过了实际工程验证,结果表明成形计算效果比较显著,适用于大多数水平对周天线结构的成型分析计算。

对周训练计划安排的探讨

众所周知，训练安排成功与否的首要条件之一是安排训练时必须考虑采用的运动量对运动员机体的作用特点。

基于midas Gen的水平对数周期天线的结构成形分析

本文针对水平对数周期天线几何非线性的特点,对振子和边索进行受力分析,并将midas Gen应用在水平对数周期天线的成形计算中,将计算结果作为天线成形和工程应用提供数据支撑。midas Gen成形计算效果显著,适用于大多数水平对周天线结构的成型分析计算。

REVIEW OF ACUPUNCTURE FOR FROZEN SHOULDER

Objective To assess the efficacy and possible adverse effects of acupuncture on frozen shoulder. Methods Based on the key words, i.e. acupuncture, electroacupuncture, acupuncture-moxibustion, frozen shoulder, adhesive capsulitis, shoulder disorders etc., the Chinese databases were retrieved, including Oochrane Musculoskeleta Group, Oochrane Controlled Trials Register, Oochrane Complementary Medicine Field, and the central database of the Oochrane Library as well as MEDLINE, EMBASE and Chinese Biomedical CD （OBM-disc）. 20 Chinese medical journals and relevant academic conference proceedings have been searched manually. The reference lists of identified documents were checked as the supplementary retrieval. Results 6 randomized controlled trials on frozen shoulder with acupuncture and electroacupuncture were included, indicating quite advanced study quality. There were 34 to 257 participants in the trials, 668 in total. The total OR of CMS/OSA was OR 3.49 （95 % CI - 2.64 to 9.63）, the total OR of VAS was OR - 1.24 （95% CI -3.50 to 1.01）, the total OR of ROM was OR 35.70 （95% CI 22.91 to 48.49）; the total OR of MELLE was OR 4.30 （95% OI 2.32 to 7.98）. Conclusion It is shown in the present limited inclusive trials on frozen shoulder that acupuncture is the safe therapy and effective on improving the global function, relieving pain, and improving the range of motion of shoulder. All the therapeutic effects of acupuncture are superior to those in control group. However, much more high quality trials are required to provide much stronger evidence. Additionally, much more evidences on validity of frozen shoulder with other assessing indexes involved are required in the treatment with acupuncture.

Optimization of Linear Antenna Arrays Based on Genetic Algorithms

The methods of moment and genetic algorithm (GA) are combined to optimize the Yagi Uda antenna array and Log periodic dipole antenna (LPDA) array. The element lengths and spacing are optimized for the Yagi Uda array; while the ratio factor of spacing to length as well as the ratio of length to diameter of the elements are optimized for LPDA array. The results show that the main parameters, such as gain and pattern, have been improved apparently; and the high back lobe level of LPDA can be reduced greatly, therefore, GA is a very competent method for optimizing the linear array as well as in other fields.

Cycle slip detection approach based on time-relative positioning theory

An efficient cycle slip detection method is proposed for high precision positioning and navigation results with global positioning system （GPS）,which is based on the assumption of a high sampling interval, measurement errors are so small that they can be ignored in the temporal single difference observables. And ambiguities are ordinarily equal to zero,but could be the number of cycles that have ＂slipped＂ if loss-of-lock has occurred.Therefore,cycle slips are estimated as parameters of time-relative positioning observation equations.Because the temporal single difference observables are taken at different epochs and different stations with a single GPS receiver,if time-relative positioning observation equations are linearized as that of conventional relative positioning,the design matrix will be rank defective.To obtain a stable linearization scheme,time-relative positioning observation equations are further analyzed,and the concept of virtual measurement is applied.A sample of data collected on a vehicle test shows that a cycle slip detection approach based on time-relative positioning theory can detect slips at the value of one cycle.The results also indicate if two satellites are so near to each other that they have the same equivalent to satellite-receiver geometry,cycle slip detection will be difficult and may get wrong results.Cycle slips of different satellites also affect detection by satellite-receiver geometry.

Existence of Many and Infinitely Many Periodic Solutions for Some Types of Differential Delay Equations

J.Kaplan and J.Yorke's method is extended to establish the exis- tence of many and infinitely many periodic solutions for the DDEs (t) =±f(x(t-1))±f(x(t-2))and (t)=±f(x(t-1).

Asymmetry in the Strong-field Photodetachment of H- by Linearly Polarized Few-cycle Pulses

Photodetachment of H- irradiated by linearly polarized few-cycle laser field is investigated by time-dependent SchrSdinger equation numerically. The photo-electron left-right asymmetry parameter as a function of carrier-envelop （CE） phase of few-cycle pulses is attained. We confirm the asymmetry of photoelectron distribution in H- photodetachment and find that the maximal asymmetry parameter of H- is equal to that of H atom under the same conditions but the corresponding CE phases are quite different. Thus a CE phase shift appears. Compared to that of H atom and field free electron, the zero asymmetry CE phase shift is sensitively affected by Coulomb field. The Coulomb effect on the asymmetry of H- photodetachment mainly behaves in the CE phase shift of H- instead of the amplitude of asymmetry parameter curve.

Localized Structures on Periodic Background Wave of （2＋1）-Dimensional Boiti-Leon-Pempinelli System via an Object Reduction

In this paper, we present an object reduction for nonlinear partial differential equations. As a concrete example of its applications in physical problems, this method is applied to the （2＋1）-dimensional Boiti-Leon-Pempinelli system, which has the extensive physics background, and an abundance of exact solutions is derived from some reduction equations. Based on the derived solutions, the localized structures under the periodic wave background are obtained.

Directed Transport of Interacting Particle Systems： Recent Progress

Recent developments in studies of directed transport processes in interacting particle systems are retrospected. Due to the interactions among elements, the directed transport process exhibits complicated and novel cooperative dynamics. We considered various possibilities in achieving ratchet motion by breaking different symmetries of many-body systems. It is shown that the directional transport can even be induced by breaking the coupling symmetry and the spatiotemporal symmetries.

Comparison of the Respiratory Metabolism of Juvenile Litopenaeus vannamei Cultured in Seawater and Freshwater

Litopenaeus vannamei, a euryhaline species, can be cultured at a wide range of salinities. The emergence of freshwater pond-culture ofL. vannamei is an important prelude to the continued development of shrimp culture in China. In this study, we com- pared the respiratory metabolism of juvenile L. vannamei cultured in freshwater and saltwater by measuring their oxygen consump-tion rate （OCR）, ammonium-type nitrogen excretion rate （AER） and pyruvate kinase （PK） and lactate dehydrogenase （LDH） activi-ties at different molting stages in order to physiecologically characterize juvenile L. vannamei under freshwater conditions. The re- suits showed that OCR was significantly higher in saltwater than in freshwater at all stages of molting cycle. However, variation of OCR among molting stages in saltwater was similar with that in freshwater, and the highest OCR was observed at post-molting stage. At all stages of molting cycle, AER was significantly higher in freshwater than in saltwater, and the highest was observed at post-molting stage. The activity of PK was significantly higher in saltwater than in freshwater. Conversely, the activity of LDH was higher in freshwater than in saltwater in general. Significant variation of PK and LDH activities in molting cycle was observed in saltwater and freshwater. The results indicated that aerobic metabolism of juvenile L. vannamei was more active in saltwater than in freshwater; while its protein metabolism was more active in freshwater than in saltwater.

Biased Motion in a Symmetric Periodic Potential by Breaking Temporal Sysmmetry

Unidirectional transport of a particle in a spatially periodic and symmetric potential under a periodic force with broken temporal symmetry is studied. With a collaboration of the potential field and the asymmetric ac force, a dc current can be observed. Resonant current steps are found for a finite period of the ac force. A phase diagram of these resonant steps is given. Stochastic-resonance-like directional transport induced by thermal noises is revealed.

TREATMENT OF 36 CASES OF SCAPULOHUMERAL PERIARTHRITIS MAINLY BY CONTRALATERAL NEEDLING

Objective: To analyze the therapeutic effect of contralateral needling in the treatment of scapulohumeral periarthritis. Methods: A total of 68 cases of scapulohumeral periarthritis were outpatients and were randomized into treatment group (n=36) and control group (n=32). In treatment group, Zhiyin (BL 67), Jinmen (BL 63) and Yanglao (SI 6) on the contralateral side of the affected shoulder and local tenderpoints (Ashi-points) were punctured once every other day, with 7 days being a therapeutic course; while in control group, local Ashi-points were used for injection of Procaine and Prednisolone Acetate, once every 7 days and with 3～4 sessions being a therapeutic course. Results: Following 2 courses of treatment, of the 32 cases in control group, 8 (25.0%) were cured, 17 (53.1%) experienced improvement and 7 failed in the treatment, with a total of effective rate of 78.1%; of the 36 cases in treatment group, 18 (50.0%) were cured, 16 (44.4%) experienced improvement and 2 (5.6%) failed in the treatment, with a total effective rate of 94.4%. The therapeutic effect of contralateral needling is significantly higher than that of Ashi-point blocking method (P<0.05). Conclusion: Contralateral needling is superior to Ashi-point in the treatment of scapulohumeral periarthritis.

From the project for a Passion selon Saint Marc to the Realization of the Canticum Sacrum： The Events Surrounding Stravinsky＇s Venetian Commission

The article concerns the commission that was made by the Biennale di Venezia to Stravinsky in the 50s＇ which led to the composition of the Canticum Sacrum. The discovery of the correspondence between the composer, the artistic director Alessandro Piovesan and the organizers of the Venetian Festival allows to reconstruct the events that led Stravinsky to change his initial plans for a Passion selon Saint Marc in favour of a short Canticum. The objections, which concerned above all the limited size of the piece, were repeated several times by Piovesan, but were all disregarded by Stravinsky. In the light of the eight letters deposited in the Archivio Storico delle Arti Contemporanee （ASAC） of Venice （in Appendix）, the circumstances bringing about Stravinsky＇s refusal can be fully understood. The references to recent studies by David H. Smyth, Akane Mori, and Jonathan Kramer regarding the identification of palindromic and proportional structures in the Canticum, offers further proof sustaining Stravinsky＇s declaration that to enlarge the piece would have been impossible. These events confirm the composer＇s unbending determination to undertake a new experimental stylistic direction already tried out in pieces like the Three Songs from William Shakespeare and Agon.

The impact of ^(60)Co γ-ray on cycles to Hep-2 human laryngeal cancer cell in the condition of hypoxia

Objective： The aim of the study was to investigate the impact of 60Co y-ray on apoptosis, cell cycles and the expression of protein hypoxia-inducible factor-1α （HIF-1α） to Hep-2 cell line in the conditions of normoxia and hypoxia. Methods： Hep-2 cell were divided into 2 groups： group A （normoxia） and group B （hypoxia）. All of the ceils were exposed to y-ray with dosage being 0, 1, 3, 5, 10, 20, and 40 Gy. Flow cytometry was used to measure the protein level of HIF-1α and to detect apoptosis and cell cycles. The protein level of HIF-1α was also determined by immunohistochemistry and Western blotting. Results： The protein level of HIF-1α in group B was significantly higher than that in group A. In group A, low doses （1-5 Gy） of y-ray had caused G0/G1 cell cycle arrest and high doses （10-40 Gy） had caused G2/M cell cycle arrest. In group B, without exposure of y-ray （0 Gy） had caused G0/G1 cell cycle arrest, all of the different dosage of y-ray could cause G2/M cell cycle arrest. The curve of apoptosis rate in group A was a parabola, the apoptotic rate was related to the dosage of y-ray in a dosage dependent manner. The peak was at the point of 5 Gy. The apoptosis rate in group A was significantly higher than that in group B. Conclusion： Different doses of y-ray could cause different cell cycles arrest then make different impact on apoptosis to Hep-2 ceil. The lower apoptosis rate in condition of hypoxia maybe has a relationship with G2/M cell cycle arrest. Up-regulated HIF-1α protein may be one of the reasons for G2/M cell cycle arrest.

Laboratory Investigation of Disintegration Characteristics of Purple Mudstone under Different Hydrothermal Conditions

Disintegration of rock is one of the primary processes of soil formation and geomorphology and is affected considerably by water and heat.This study focused on the disintegration characteristics under laboratory conditions of typical purple mudstone from the Tuodian group of Jurassic red beds(J3t) in Tuodian Town,Shuangbai county,Yunnan Province of southern China.The fresh mudstone was subjected to alternating applications of water,heat and hydrothermal interaction during five treatments:wetting-drying(WD),saturation(ST),refrigeration-heating(RH),a combination of wetting-drying and refrigeration-heating(WDRH),and a combination of saturation and refrigeration-heating(STRH).Each treatment was run in twenty-four cycles.The results showed that there are three types of disintegration:collapsing disintegration,exfoliation disintegration and imperceptible disintegration.The cumulative disintegration rate(percentage of cumulative disintegrated mass to the initiative sample mass passed through a 2 mm sieve) produced a 'S'-shape function when related to treatment cycle time and closely fit a logistic model(R2 > 0.99).The rank order of the cumulative disintegration rate resulting from the five treatments was as the following:WDRH > STRH > ST > WD > RH.Because of alternating periods of moisture and dryness,WD caused the most disintegration,while RH alone resulted in imperceptible disintegration.Additionally,there was a negative correlation between the disintegration rate of each treatment cycle(percentage of disintegrated mass to the treated sample mass) and treatment cycle number.There was a positive correlation between this rate and temperature change under moist conditions,indicating that a change in temperature greatly accelerates the disintegration of parent rock when water was supplied.

The Properties of Finitely Generated Shift-invariant Subspace in L_(2π)~2

In this paper, some properties of shift invariant subspace in Periodic wavelets theory are discussed.

Current Reversal and Negative Conductance for a Super-Conducting Junctions Device

In the paper, we study a super-conducting junctions device subject to an input periodic signal and a constant force. It is shown that, for this device, we can get current reversals for the current of the electron pairs versus the frequency of the periodic signal and negative conductance for the current of the electron pairs as a function of the constant force.

Life History of the Lenkoran Capoeta Capoeta Gracilis （Keyserling, 1981） in the Atrak River, Northern Iran

Within the wide distribution of Lenkoran in Iran, populations of the species inhabit variety of habitats. The authors hypothesized that each river may contribute to habitat-specific variation in life history of the fish. To test this, a total of 378 specimens of Capoeta capoeta gracilis caught in the Atrak river （northern Iran） from Dec. 2007 to Nov. 2008 were examined for life history attributes. The population has a 5-year life cycle. Weight-length relationship （WLR） was estimated as W = 0.0127TL28981 for males, W = 0.0083TL3998 for females and W = 0.0084TL3942 for the population, being allometric negative for males and positive for females and the population. The VBGF fit to back-calculated size at age data were： Lt = 22.11 （1-e-0.19（t＋135））, Lt = 25.37 （1-e-0.18（t＋125）） and Lt = 24.92 （1-e-018（1＋122）） for males, females and sexes combined respectively. Sex ratio was significant from the parity, females dominated. The reproductive season, evaluated from GSI, extended from Apr. to July, with the highest peak in May for males and in Apr. for females. The absolute fecundity ranged between 458-5,743 eggs with a mean of 1,375.06 eggs. Fecundity relative to total weight fluctuated from 14.90 to 132.58, with a mean value of 48.79 eggs·g-1. The diameter of oocytes ranged from 0.53 to 2.40 mm with a mean value of 1.46. The life history patterns of C. c. gracilis in the considered population imply that the many population characteristics of this species in the river differ markedly from those of other rivers of its range distribution in northern Iran. Probably, respond to environmental characteristics to improve fitness locally is the more suitable choice for differentiated life history strategies of the species in the river.