吸烟作为肺癌的危险因素经过多年调查已经被明确证实[1-2],所以在研究个体外照射致肺癌时,个体的吸烟状况就是必须要考虑的问题.吸烟对肺癌的影响,尽管每个个体都具有特异性,但是通过大规模流行病学调查和科学的模型推算,还是可以得出...吸烟作为肺癌的危险因素经过多年调查已经被明确证实[1-2],所以在研究个体外照射致肺癌时,个体的吸烟状况就是必须要考虑的问题.吸烟对肺癌的影响,尽管每个个体都具有特异性,但是通过大规模流行病学调查和科学的模型推算,还是可以得出一个较为客观的结果.经过多年研究,美国国立卫生研究院（National Institutes of Health,NIH）给出了现在通用的吸烟相关校正因子[W（s）又称为吸烟权重因子][1].展开更多
Objective To compare the efficacy difference in treatment of acute gouty arthritis between acupuncture combined with infrared irradiation and Indomethachin, as well as to observe the impacts on liver function. Methods...Objective To compare the efficacy difference in treatment of acute gouty arthritis between acupuncture combined with infrared irradiation and Indomethachin, as well as to observe the impacts on liver function. Methods One hundred and sixty cases of gout were randomized into an acupuncture group （80 cases） and an Indomethachin group （80 cases）. In the acupuncture group, acupuncture was applied to Zusanli（足三里 ST 36）, SanyTnjiao （三阴交 SP 6）, Quchi （曲池LI 11）, Xuehai （血海 SP 10）, Yanglingquan （阳陵泉 GB 34） and Ashi points （阿是穴）. Additionally, infrared irradiation was used in the local area. The treatment was given once daily. In the Indomethachin group, Indomethachin was taken orally, 25 mg each time, three times per day. The treatment lasted for 5 days in either group. Separately, before and after treatment, pain severity and the levels of blood uric acid （BUA）, erythrocyte sedimentation rate （ESR）, alanine aminotransferase （ALT） and aspartate aminotransferase （AST） were detected. Additionally, the efficacy and the impacts on liver function were assessed. Results The cured rate was 52.5% （42/80） in the acupuncture group, which was superior to 22.5% （18/80） in the Indomethachin group （P〈0.01）. In the acupuncture group, the analgesic efficacy was better than that in the Indomethachin group （P〈0.01） and the effect on reducing BUA and ERS levels was same as that in the Indomethachin group （all P〉0.05）. After treatment, ALT and AST levels had no changes in the acupuncture group, but they increased apparently in the Indomethachin group （all P〈0.01）. Conclusion Acupuncture combined with infrared irradiation achieves a superior efficacy on acute gouty arthritis as compared with oral medication of Indomethachin and the therapy provides a significant effect on analgesia and does not bring the damage of liver function.展开更多
Many animals are sensitive to ultraviolet light and also possess UV-reflective regions on their body surface. Individu- als reflecting UV have been shown to be preferred during social interactions such as mate choice ...Many animals are sensitive to ultraviolet light and also possess UV-reflective regions on their body surface. Individu- als reflecting UV have been shown to be preferred during social interactions such as mate choice or shoaling decisions. However, whether those body UV-reflections enhance also the conspicuousness to UV-sensitive predators and thereforeentail costs for its bearer is less well documented. Two size-matched three-spined sticklebacks Gasterosteus aculeatus, one enclosed in a UV-transmitting （UV＋） and another in a UV-blocking （UV-） chamber, were simultaneously presented to individual brown trout Salmo trutta. ＂yearlings＂. Brown trout of this age are sensitive to the UV part of the electromagnetic spectnun and are natural predators of three-spined sticklebacks. The stickleback that was attacked first as well as the subsequent number of attacks was recorded. Sticklebacks enclosed in the UV-transmitting chamber were attacked first significantly more often compared to stickle- backs enclosed in the UV-blocking chamber. Control experiments using neutral density filters revealed that this was more likely due to LrV having an influence on hue perception rather than brighmess discrimination. The difference in attack probability cor- responded to the difference in chromatic contrasts between sticklebacks and the experimental background calculated for both the UV＋ and UV- conditions in a physiological model of trout colour vision. UV reflections seem to be costly by enhancing the risk of predation due to an increased conspicuousness of prey. This is the first study in a vertebrate, to our knowledge, demonstrating direct predation risk due to UV wavelengths [Current Zoology 59 （2）： 151-159, 2013].展开更多
The Lunar-based Ultraviolet Telescope （LUT） is a funded lunar-based ultraviolet telescope dedicated to continuously monitor- ing variable stars for as long as dozens of days and performing low Galactic latitude sky ...The Lunar-based Ultraviolet Telescope （LUT） is a funded lunar-based ultraviolet telescope dedicated to continuously monitor- ing variable stars for as long as dozens of days and performing low Galactic latitude sky surveys. The slow and smooth spin of the Moon makes its step by step pointing strategy possible. A flat mirror mounted on a gimbal mount is configured to enlarge the sky coverage of the LUT. A Ritehey-Chretien telescope with a Nasmyth focus configuration is adopted to reduce the total length of the system. A UV enhanced back illuminated AIMO CCD 47-20 chip together with the low noise electric design will minimize the instrumental influence on the system. The preliminary proposal for astrometric calibration and photometric cali- bration are also presented.展开更多
文摘吸烟作为肺癌的危险因素经过多年调查已经被明确证实[1-2],所以在研究个体外照射致肺癌时,个体的吸烟状况就是必须要考虑的问题.吸烟对肺癌的影响,尽管每个个体都具有特异性,但是通过大规模流行病学调查和科学的模型推算,还是可以得出一个较为客观的结果.经过多年研究,美国国立卫生研究院（National Institutes of Health,NIH）给出了现在通用的吸烟相关校正因子[W（s）又称为吸烟权重因子][1].
文摘Objective To compare the efficacy difference in treatment of acute gouty arthritis between acupuncture combined with infrared irradiation and Indomethachin, as well as to observe the impacts on liver function. Methods One hundred and sixty cases of gout were randomized into an acupuncture group （80 cases） and an Indomethachin group （80 cases）. In the acupuncture group, acupuncture was applied to Zusanli（足三里 ST 36）, SanyTnjiao （三阴交 SP 6）, Quchi （曲池LI 11）, Xuehai （血海 SP 10）, Yanglingquan （阳陵泉 GB 34） and Ashi points （阿是穴）. Additionally, infrared irradiation was used in the local area. The treatment was given once daily. In the Indomethachin group, Indomethachin was taken orally, 25 mg each time, three times per day. The treatment lasted for 5 days in either group. Separately, before and after treatment, pain severity and the levels of blood uric acid （BUA）, erythrocyte sedimentation rate （ESR）, alanine aminotransferase （ALT） and aspartate aminotransferase （AST） were detected. Additionally, the efficacy and the impacts on liver function were assessed. Results The cured rate was 52.5% （42/80） in the acupuncture group, which was superior to 22.5% （18/80） in the Indomethachin group （P〈0.01）. In the acupuncture group, the analgesic efficacy was better than that in the Indomethachin group （P〈0.01） and the effect on reducing BUA and ERS levels was same as that in the Indomethachin group （all P〉0.05）. After treatment, ALT and AST levels had no changes in the acupuncture group, but they increased apparently in the Indomethachin group （all P〈0.01）. Conclusion Acupuncture combined with infrared irradiation achieves a superior efficacy on acute gouty arthritis as compared with oral medication of Indomethachin and the therapy provides a significant effect on analgesia and does not bring the damage of liver function.
文摘Many animals are sensitive to ultraviolet light and also possess UV-reflective regions on their body surface. Individu- als reflecting UV have been shown to be preferred during social interactions such as mate choice or shoaling decisions. However, whether those body UV-reflections enhance also the conspicuousness to UV-sensitive predators and thereforeentail costs for its bearer is less well documented. Two size-matched three-spined sticklebacks Gasterosteus aculeatus, one enclosed in a UV-transmitting （UV＋） and another in a UV-blocking （UV-） chamber, were simultaneously presented to individual brown trout Salmo trutta. ＂yearlings＂. Brown trout of this age are sensitive to the UV part of the electromagnetic spectnun and are natural predators of three-spined sticklebacks. The stickleback that was attacked first as well as the subsequent number of attacks was recorded. Sticklebacks enclosed in the UV-transmitting chamber were attacked first significantly more often compared to stickle- backs enclosed in the UV-blocking chamber. Control experiments using neutral density filters revealed that this was more likely due to LrV having an influence on hue perception rather than brighmess discrimination. The difference in attack probability cor- responded to the difference in chromatic contrasts between sticklebacks and the experimental background calculated for both the UV＋ and UV- conditions in a physiological model of trout colour vision. UV reflections seem to be costly by enhancing the risk of predation due to an increased conspicuousness of prey. This is the first study in a vertebrate, to our knowledge, demonstrating direct predation risk due to UV wavelengths [Current Zoology 59 （2）： 151-159, 2013].
基金supported by the Ministry of Science and Technology of China and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 10803008, 10978020 and 10878019)
文摘The Lunar-based Ultraviolet Telescope （LUT） is a funded lunar-based ultraviolet telescope dedicated to continuously monitor- ing variable stars for as long as dozens of days and performing low Galactic latitude sky surveys. The slow and smooth spin of the Moon makes its step by step pointing strategy possible. A flat mirror mounted on a gimbal mount is configured to enlarge the sky coverage of the LUT. A Ritehey-Chretien telescope with a Nasmyth focus configuration is adopted to reduce the total length of the system. A UV enhanced back illuminated AIMO CCD 47-20 chip together with the low noise electric design will minimize the instrumental influence on the system. The preliminary proposal for astrometric calibration and photometric cali- bration are also presented.
