The rapid development of traveling electronic commerce cause the traditional tourism to face the opportunity and challenge which the information revolution brings, and how to develop the traveling electronic commerce ...The rapid development of traveling electronic commerce cause the traditional tourism to face the opportunity and challenge which the information revolution brings, and how to develop the traveling electronic commerce becomes the topic which the tourist business development must face. This paper obtained from the discussion of the electronic commerce in Chinese present development situation, to analyze the extant barrier of traveling electronic commerce and the concrete countermeasure that China should adopt.展开更多
Increasing the labour force participation rates of older workers is a fundamental component of most OECD （Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development） countries＇ response to the fiscal pressures associate...Increasing the labour force participation rates of older workers is a fundamental component of most OECD （Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development） countries＇ response to the fiscal pressures associated with ageing populations. Both pension reform and employment policies are key elements to achieving such increases in participation and reversing the early retirement trends of recent decades. Econometric modeling results from a panel of 12 OECD countries indicate that labour market variables have a greater influence than social security pension value or the standard age of retirement on the labour force participation rates of males aged 55-64 years. Further results from modeling the potential asymmetric response of participation rates to unemployment rates indicate that a decrease in unemployment rates has a greater impact upon increasing the labour force participation rates of older workers compared to the effect of an increase on unemployment rates has on discouraging participation. We found mixed results for the asymmetric response of participation to an increase or decrease in pension value. Findings thus emphasize the importance of labour market oriented policies to reduce unemployment rates in the developed economies in coming years to address ageing population concerns.展开更多
20世纪70年代曾被乔治·布勒斯誉为模态逻辑的黄金年代,因为模态逻辑的三大分支:完全性理论、对应理论和对偶理论等都在这一时期形成,这大致确定了模态逻辑的研究方向。荷兰阿姆斯特丹大学约翰·范本特姆教授(Johan van Benthem...20世纪70年代曾被乔治·布勒斯誉为模态逻辑的黄金年代,因为模态逻辑的三大分支:完全性理论、对应理论和对偶理论等都在这一时期形成,这大致确定了模态逻辑的研究方向。荷兰阿姆斯特丹大学约翰·范本特姆教授(Johan van Benthem)是模态逻辑对应理论的主要贡献者之一,他1976年的博士论文《模态对应理论》以及1983年出版的《模态逻辑与经典逻辑》,成为模态对应理论的经典著作。2010年,科学出版社出版了张清宇和刘新文翻译的《模态对应理论》("逻辑之门——约翰·范本特姆经典著作"·卷Ⅲ),引起了国内学界对模态对应理论的关注和重视。为了能更清楚地了解模态对应理论的过去、现状和未来的发展趋向,我们组织了对范本特姆教授的访谈。展开更多
In recent years, with climate change, many agricultural systems are facing severe environmental stress, which are seriously threatening the food security and sustainable development of agricultural system. Although ma...In recent years, with climate change, many agricultural systems are facing severe environmental stress, which are seriously threatening the food security and sustainable development of agricultural system. Although mainstream agro-system can effectively reduce the adverse agro-production effect rapidly by using modern technology, but many of them bring serious ecological crisis at the same time. For the sustainable development of agro-systems, the stress mitigation options must give full consideration to ecological protection. The Globally Important Agricultural Heritage Systems （GIAHS） sites, relying on its unique land use, water conservancy facilities, traditional crops, etc., form unique production system creating a better match with local natural conditions. Based on disaster mitigation system theory and practice, this paper analyzes environmental stress counter-measures of several GIAHS sites in China. The water requirement of milet, a drought-tolerant crop in Aohan Dryland Farming System （recognized as a GIAHS pilot site in 2012）, has a better match with local water conditions. By reducing vulnerability of crops, agriculture survived healthily in semi-arid regions. Honghe Hani Rice Terraces System （recognized as a GIAHS pilot site in 2010）, relying on the unique land and water use patterns, has successfully reshape disaster inducing environment, and effectively reduce the risk/effects of droughts. Besides, due to the high price, rich crop diversity and variety of income channel, the Agricultural Heritage sites can ensure the economic income and agro-system health when facing environmental stress. Stress counter-measures of traditional agricultural systems make full use of the regulation and spontaneity ability of the natural system, which is an important way to achieve sustainable development of ecological agriculture.展开更多
文摘The rapid development of traveling electronic commerce cause the traditional tourism to face the opportunity and challenge which the information revolution brings, and how to develop the traveling electronic commerce becomes the topic which the tourist business development must face. This paper obtained from the discussion of the electronic commerce in Chinese present development situation, to analyze the extant barrier of traveling electronic commerce and the concrete countermeasure that China should adopt.
文摘Increasing the labour force participation rates of older workers is a fundamental component of most OECD （Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development） countries＇ response to the fiscal pressures associated with ageing populations. Both pension reform and employment policies are key elements to achieving such increases in participation and reversing the early retirement trends of recent decades. Econometric modeling results from a panel of 12 OECD countries indicate that labour market variables have a greater influence than social security pension value or the standard age of retirement on the labour force participation rates of males aged 55-64 years. Further results from modeling the potential asymmetric response of participation rates to unemployment rates indicate that a decrease in unemployment rates has a greater impact upon increasing the labour force participation rates of older workers compared to the effect of an increase on unemployment rates has on discouraging participation. We found mixed results for the asymmetric response of participation to an increase or decrease in pension value. Findings thus emphasize the importance of labour market oriented policies to reduce unemployment rates in the developed economies in coming years to address ageing population concerns.
文摘20世纪70年代曾被乔治·布勒斯誉为模态逻辑的黄金年代,因为模态逻辑的三大分支:完全性理论、对应理论和对偶理论等都在这一时期形成,这大致确定了模态逻辑的研究方向。荷兰阿姆斯特丹大学约翰·范本特姆教授(Johan van Benthem)是模态逻辑对应理论的主要贡献者之一,他1976年的博士论文《模态对应理论》以及1983年出版的《模态逻辑与经典逻辑》,成为模态对应理论的经典著作。2010年,科学出版社出版了张清宇和刘新文翻译的《模态对应理论》("逻辑之门——约翰·范本特姆经典著作"·卷Ⅲ),引起了国内学界对模态对应理论的关注和重视。为了能更清楚地了解模态对应理论的过去、现状和未来的发展趋向,我们组织了对范本特姆教授的访谈。
基金National Natural Science Fund of China(31200376)Chinese Academy of Sciences Visiting Professorship for Senior International Scientists(2013T2Z0011)
文摘In recent years, with climate change, many agricultural systems are facing severe environmental stress, which are seriously threatening the food security and sustainable development of agricultural system. Although mainstream agro-system can effectively reduce the adverse agro-production effect rapidly by using modern technology, but many of them bring serious ecological crisis at the same time. For the sustainable development of agro-systems, the stress mitigation options must give full consideration to ecological protection. The Globally Important Agricultural Heritage Systems （GIAHS） sites, relying on its unique land use, water conservancy facilities, traditional crops, etc., form unique production system creating a better match with local natural conditions. Based on disaster mitigation system theory and practice, this paper analyzes environmental stress counter-measures of several GIAHS sites in China. The water requirement of milet, a drought-tolerant crop in Aohan Dryland Farming System （recognized as a GIAHS pilot site in 2012）, has a better match with local water conditions. By reducing vulnerability of crops, agriculture survived healthily in semi-arid regions. Honghe Hani Rice Terraces System （recognized as a GIAHS pilot site in 2010）, relying on the unique land and water use patterns, has successfully reshape disaster inducing environment, and effectively reduce the risk/effects of droughts. Besides, due to the high price, rich crop diversity and variety of income channel, the Agricultural Heritage sites can ensure the economic income and agro-system health when facing environmental stress. Stress counter-measures of traditional agricultural systems make full use of the regulation and spontaneity ability of the natural system, which is an important way to achieve sustainable development of ecological agriculture.
