FeCo-Al_2O_3颗粒膜隧穿磁电阻的颗粒尺寸效应

利用磁控溅射仪制备了一系列的FeCo-Al2O3颗粒膜.分别通过传统的四探针方法和透射电镜(高分辨电镜)研究了FeCo-Al2O3颗粒膜的隧穿磁电阻和纳米颗粒结构.结果表明:当FeCo的体积分数约为32.8%时,FeCo-Al2O3颗粒膜的隧穿磁电阻达到最大值,约为6.9%,该值为目前所报道的在室温和外磁场为12.5KOe下测量得到的最高值.电镜观察表明在FeCo-Al2O3颗粒膜中,bcc结构或非晶态的FeCo颗粒弥散分布在晶态或非晶态的Al2O3基体中.根据电镜观察结果得到颗粒膜的尺寸分布,经过尺寸拟合发现对于FeCo颗粒体积分数较小的颗粒膜,FeCo颗粒的分布满足对数-正态分布函数,而当颗粒膜中的FeCo颗粒体积分数较大时,FeCo颗粒的分布就严重的偏离了对数-正态分布函数.同时,实验结果表明:颗粒膜的隧穿磁电阻随颗粒尺寸呈现出非单调的变化,在一中间尺寸达到最大值.

Study on Probability Distributions of Multi-Timescale Aerosol Optical Depth Using AERONET Data

The probability distribution analysis is per-formed for multi-timescale aerosol optical depth (AOD) using AErosol RObotic NETwork (AERONET) level 2.0 data.The maximum likelihood estimation is employed to determine the best-fit probability density function (PDF),and the statement that the fitting Weibull distribution will be light-tailed is proved true for these AOD samples.The best-fit PDF results for multi-site data show that the PDF of AOD samples with longer timescale in most sites tends to be stably represented by lognormal distribution,while Weibull distribution is a better fit for AOD samples with short timescales.The reason for this difference is ana-lyzed through tail characteristics of the two distributions,and an indicator for the selection between Weibull and lognormal distributions is suggested and validated.The result of this research is helpful for determining the most accurate AOD statistics for a given site and a given time-scale and for validating the retrieved AOD through its PDF.

Two-step sampling can produce triphasic species-area relationship

Aims It is important to explore the underlying mechanisms that cause triphasic species–area relationship(triphasic SAR)across different scales in order to understand the spatial patterns of biodiversity.Methods Instead of theory establishment or field data derivation,I adopted a data simulation method that used the power function of SAR to fit log-normal distribution of species abundance.Important Findings The results showed that one-step sampling caused biphasic SAR and n-step sampling could cause 2n-phasic SAR.Practical two-step sampling produced triphasic SAR due to the Preston and Pan effects in large areas.Furthermore,before exploring biological or ecological mechanisms for the nature phenomenon,we should identify or exclude potential mathematical,statistical or sampling reasons.

Variation in entrainment rate and relationship with cloud microphysical properties on the scale of 5m

This paper focuses on the variability in entrainment rate in individual cumulus clouds using the entrainment rate estimated on the scale of 5 m in 186 shallow cumulus clouds from eight aircraft flights, using in situ observations from the RACORO field campaign （the routine atmospheric radiation measurement aerial facility clouds with low optical water depths optical radiative observations） over the atmospheric radiation measurement Southern Great Plains site, USA. The result shows that the mean entrainment rate of all the 186 clouds systematically decreases from the cloud edge to the cloud center. Further analysis of the fluctuation of entrainment rate shows that the probability density function of entrainment rate in each flight can be fitted by the lognormal, gamma, or Weibull distributions virtually equally well, with the Weibull dis- tribution being the best. The parameter ＂standard devia- tion＂ in the lognormal distribution is weakly negatively correlated, and the other parameters in the three distribu- tions are positively correlated with relative humidity in the entrained dry air and dilution effect, respectively. Entrainment rate is negatively correlated with droplet concentration, droplet size, and liquid water content, but positively correlated with relative dispersion. The effect of entrainment rate on the spectral shape of cloud droplet size distribution is examined and linked to the systems theory on the cloud droplet size distribution.

350 μm map of the Ophiuchus molecular cloud: core mass function

Stars are born in dense cores of molecular clouds. The core mass function （CMF）, which is the mass distribution of dense cores, is important for understanding the stellar initial mass function （IMF）. We obtained 350μm dust continuum data using the SHARC-II camera at the Caltech Submillimeter Observatory （CSO） telescope. A 350μm map covering 0.25 deg2 of the Ophiuchus molecular cloud was created by mosaicing 56 separate scans. The CSO telescope had an angular resolution of 9＂, corresponding to 1.2 ×103 AU at the distance of the Ophiuchus molecular cloud （131 pc）. The data was reduced using the Comprehensive Reduction Utility for SHARC-II （CRUSH）. The flux density map was analyzed using the GaussClumps algorithm, within which 75 cores has been identified. We used the Spitzer c2d catalogs to separate the cores into 63 starless cores and 12 protostellar cores. By locating Jeans instabilities, 55 prestellar cores （a subcategory of starless cores） were also identified. The excitation temperatures, which were derived from FCRAO 12CO data, help to improve the accuracy of the masses of the cores. We adopted a Monte Carlo approach to analyze the CMF with two types of functional forms; power law and log-normal. The whole and prestellar CMF are both well fitted by a log-normal distribution, with p = -1. 18 ±0.10, σ = 0.58 ± 0.05 and μ= 1.40 ＋ 0.10, σ= 0.50 ＋ 0.05 respectively. This finding suggests that turbulence influences the evolution of the Ophiuchus molecular cloud.