利用1958-2001年的臭氧混合比和ECMWF（Europema Centre for Medium-range Weather Forecast）资料，采用Wei诊断模型定量计算了穿越全球对流层顶的臭氧质量通量．结果表明：（1）臭氧通量场存在纬向型和经向型的空间波列结构，这些空...利用1958-2001年的臭氧混合比和ECMWF（Europema Centre for Medium-range Weather Forecast）资料，采用Wei诊断模型定量计算了穿越全球对流层顶的臭氧质量通量．结果表明：（1）臭氧通量场存在纬向型和经向型的空间波列结构，这些空间波列均未能跨越对流层顶断裂带到达热带对流层顶控制区，其中南北两极的极区、地中海-伊朗高原-青藏高原-日本南部-北太平洋和南半球对流层顶断裂带中沿纬圈完整的空间波列最为显著．海洋上空臭氧通量的性质较为均匀一致，大陆上空的空间结构多变．北半球向下与向上的局地平均最大臭氧通量分别是-4μg·m^-2·s^-1和2．5μg·m^-2·s^-1，南半球的对应值为-2．5μg·m^-2·s^-1和1．5μg·m^-2·s^-1．（2）纬向平均的臭氧净通量依赖于纬度变化，北半球与南半球具有显著的非对称特性，总效应是平流层臭氧向对流层输运注入．臭氧通量有着显著的季节变化，可随不同季节在地理分布上发生空间转移现象，而且其控制机制不仅受对流层顶的季节运动影响，也随大气环境的季节调整而发生改变．（3）南北半球臭氧净通量的变化趋势相反，南半球为双峰结构。表现为非对称振幅的季节波动结构．全球臭氧通量振幅的年际变化表现出明显的QBO（Quasi-Biennial Oscillation）特性，年代际演变的结构形态（向下的臭氧净通量）可划分为4个阶段：1960年代是平稳变化期，1970年代为增强期，1980年代是又一个相对平稳期，1990年代为剧烈变化期．向下的臭氧净通量主极大值出现在1977、1990年和1998年，极小值在1993年和1996年．展开更多
利用ERA-Interim高分辨率臭氧资料和NCEP再分析资料,对比分析了不同类型(浅薄型和深厚型)、不同强度(针对深厚型)的东亚切断低压过程中伴随平流层空气入侵引起的上对流层-下平流层UTLS(Upper Troposphere-Low er Stratosphere)区域臭氧...利用ERA-Interim高分辨率臭氧资料和NCEP再分析资料,对比分析了不同类型(浅薄型和深厚型)、不同强度(针对深厚型)的东亚切断低压过程中伴随平流层空气入侵引起的上对流层-下平流层UTLS(Upper Troposphere-Low er Stratosphere)区域臭氧变化情况,结果表明:(1)深厚型和浅薄型切断低压过程中均出现了平流层臭氧入侵现象。在300 h Pa上,存在浅薄型切断低压引起的臭氧增量与深厚型切断低压相当的情况。在垂直分布上,深厚型个例臭氧浓度升高范围集中在对流层中上层至平流层下层区域,而浅薄个例中的臭氧浓度上升只集中发生在对流层中上层。(2)切断低压引起的UTLS区域臭氧浓度高值分布范围及臭氧含量大小与系统本身强度存在一定的联系。强度较强的深厚型切断低压过程中动力学对流层顶下降深度和入侵的臭氧浓度均远大于强度较弱的深厚型切断低压。(3)在选取11年臭氧平均值和11年当月臭氧平均值分别作为距平基准进行对比分析时发现,不同类型和强度的切断低压对比结果不受不同臭氧基准态选取的影响。展开更多
A mesoscale weather research and forecasting(WRF)model was used to simulate a cold vortex that developed over Northeast China during June 19–23,2010.The simulation used high vertical resolution to reproduce the key f...A mesoscale weather research and forecasting(WRF)model was used to simulate a cold vortex that developed over Northeast China during June 19–23,2010.The simulation used high vertical resolution to reproduce the key features of the cold vortex development.Characteristics of the associated stratosphere-troposphere exchange(STE),specifically the spatiotemporal distribution of the cross-tropopause mass flux(CTF),were investigated using the Wei formula.The simulation results showed that the net mass exchange induced by the cold vortex was controlled by stratosphere-to-troposphere transport(STT)processes.In the pre-formation stage of the cold vortex(i.e.,the development of the trough and ridge),active exchange was evident.Over the lifecycle of the cold vortex,STT processes prevailed at the rear of the trough and moving vortex,whereas troposphere-to-stratosphere transport(TST)processes prevailed at the front end.This spatial pattern was caused by temporal fluctuations of the tropopause.However,because of the cancellation of the upward flux by the downward flux,the contribution of the tropopause fluctuation term to the net mass exchange was only minor.In this case,horizontal motion dominated the net mass exchange.The time evolution of the CTF exhibited three characteristics:(1)the predominance of the STT during the pre-formation stage;(2)the formation and development of the cold vortex,in which the CTF varied in a fluctuating pattern from TST to STT to TST;and(3)the prevalence of the STT during the decay stage.展开更多
文摘利用1958-2001年的臭氧混合比和ECMWF（Europema Centre for Medium-range Weather Forecast）资料，采用Wei诊断模型定量计算了穿越全球对流层顶的臭氧质量通量．结果表明：（1）臭氧通量场存在纬向型和经向型的空间波列结构，这些空间波列均未能跨越对流层顶断裂带到达热带对流层顶控制区，其中南北两极的极区、地中海-伊朗高原-青藏高原-日本南部-北太平洋和南半球对流层顶断裂带中沿纬圈完整的空间波列最为显著．海洋上空臭氧通量的性质较为均匀一致，大陆上空的空间结构多变．北半球向下与向上的局地平均最大臭氧通量分别是-4μg·m^-2·s^-1和2．5μg·m^-2·s^-1，南半球的对应值为-2．5μg·m^-2·s^-1和1．5μg·m^-2·s^-1．（2）纬向平均的臭氧净通量依赖于纬度变化，北半球与南半球具有显著的非对称特性，总效应是平流层臭氧向对流层输运注入．臭氧通量有着显著的季节变化，可随不同季节在地理分布上发生空间转移现象，而且其控制机制不仅受对流层顶的季节运动影响，也随大气环境的季节调整而发生改变．（3）南北半球臭氧净通量的变化趋势相反，南半球为双峰结构。表现为非对称振幅的季节波动结构．全球臭氧通量振幅的年际变化表现出明显的QBO（Quasi-Biennial Oscillation）特性，年代际演变的结构形态（向下的臭氧净通量）可划分为4个阶段：1960年代是平稳变化期，1970年代为增强期，1980年代是又一个相对平稳期，1990年代为剧烈变化期．向下的臭氧净通量主极大值出现在1977、1990年和1998年，极小值在1993年和1996年．
文摘利用ERA-Interim高分辨率臭氧资料和NCEP再分析资料,对比分析了不同类型(浅薄型和深厚型)、不同强度(针对深厚型)的东亚切断低压过程中伴随平流层空气入侵引起的上对流层-下平流层UTLS(Upper Troposphere-Low er Stratosphere)区域臭氧变化情况,结果表明:(1)深厚型和浅薄型切断低压过程中均出现了平流层臭氧入侵现象。在300 h Pa上,存在浅薄型切断低压引起的臭氧增量与深厚型切断低压相当的情况。在垂直分布上,深厚型个例臭氧浓度升高范围集中在对流层中上层至平流层下层区域,而浅薄个例中的臭氧浓度上升只集中发生在对流层中上层。(2)切断低压引起的UTLS区域臭氧浓度高值分布范围及臭氧含量大小与系统本身强度存在一定的联系。强度较强的深厚型切断低压过程中动力学对流层顶下降深度和入侵的臭氧浓度均远大于强度较弱的深厚型切断低压。(3)在选取11年臭氧平均值和11年当月臭氧平均值分别作为距平基准进行对比分析时发现,不同类型和强度的切断低压对比结果不受不同臭氧基准态选取的影响。
基金the Young Scientists Fund of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 41305038)
文摘A mesoscale weather research and forecasting(WRF)model was used to simulate a cold vortex that developed over Northeast China during June 19–23,2010.The simulation used high vertical resolution to reproduce the key features of the cold vortex development.Characteristics of the associated stratosphere-troposphere exchange(STE),specifically the spatiotemporal distribution of the cross-tropopause mass flux(CTF),were investigated using the Wei formula.The simulation results showed that the net mass exchange induced by the cold vortex was controlled by stratosphere-to-troposphere transport(STT)processes.In the pre-formation stage of the cold vortex(i.e.,the development of the trough and ridge),active exchange was evident.Over the lifecycle of the cold vortex,STT processes prevailed at the rear of the trough and moving vortex,whereas troposphere-to-stratosphere transport(TST)processes prevailed at the front end.This spatial pattern was caused by temporal fluctuations of the tropopause.However,because of the cancellation of the upward flux by the downward flux,the contribution of the tropopause fluctuation term to the net mass exchange was only minor.In this case,horizontal motion dominated the net mass exchange.The time evolution of the CTF exhibited three characteristics:(1)the predominance of the STT during the pre-formation stage;(2)the formation and development of the cold vortex,in which the CTF varied in a fluctuating pattern from TST to STT to TST;and(3)the prevalence of the STT during the decay stage.
